Filtering in 3-D visual system
First Claim
1. Apparatus for locating positions and measuring sizes of bodies in a 3-D fluorescense image, comprising:
- spatial filter means comprised of a plurality of spacial filters for locating bodies of different sizes within a predetermined range of sizes, each spatial filter for locating bodies of one predetermined size, different spatial filters for locating bodies of different predetermined sizes; and
convolution means for convolving each spacial filter with the image to locate bodies of at least the respective predetermined size, convolution responses of successive filters providing a size measurement of a body, the respective predetermined size of a largest filter providing an increasing convolution response to the body determining size measurement of the body and determining size of spacial filter for providing orientation of the body.
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Abstract
A series of spacial filters are used in a convolution process to determine location, size and orientation of bodies in an image. One series of spacial filters of different sizes is used to determine location and size. A second series is used to determine orientation and is a series of varying density, overlapping spacial filters. In particular, the series of spacial filters determines the spherical coordinants (r, θ, φ) of bodies in an image of a muscle cell. The series of overlapping filters in one design have vector responses such that a resultant vector is defined. φ equals the angle of the resultant vector and θ is proportional to the length of the resultant vector. A series of one and two dimensional differential gaussian filters determine the cell boundaries.
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Citations
22 Claims
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1. Apparatus for locating positions and measuring sizes of bodies in a 3-D fluorescense image, comprising:
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spatial filter means comprised of a plurality of spacial filters for locating bodies of different sizes within a predetermined range of sizes, each spatial filter for locating bodies of one predetermined size, different spatial filters for locating bodies of different predetermined sizes; and convolution means for convolving each spacial filter with the image to locate bodies of at least the respective predetermined size, convolution responses of successive filters providing a size measurement of a body, the respective predetermined size of a largest filter providing an increasing convolution response to the body determining size measurement of the body and determining size of spacial filter for providing orientation of the body. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7)
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8. Spacial filtering apparatus for measuring a spacial characteristic of bodies of an image comprising:
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a series of spacial filters, the filters being designed such that successive filters provide a principal convolution response to bodies of predetermined incremental values of the spacial characteristic and also provide a unique convolution response to other bodies over a continuous range of values of the spacial characteristic, the ranges of successive filters overlapping; and convolving means for convolving the image of a body with the series of filters and for measuring the spacial characteristic of the body from successive filters. - View Dependent Claims (9, 10, 11, 12)
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13. Apparatus for measuring orientation angles in spherical coordinates θ
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of a body with known location and size in an image comprising;a series of spacial filters for determining azimuthal angle φ
of a body in a convolution process, the filters designed such that each successive filter provides a vector response to bodies within a different range of azimuthal angles, the ranges of the filters collectively covering a continuum of angles; andconvolution means for convolving an image of a body with the series of filters to provide a respective series of vector responses within the different ranges of azimuthal angles, a sum of the vectors providing measurement values of both orientation angles θ and
φ
of the body. - View Dependent Claims (14, 15, 16)
- and φ
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17. Apparatus for determining spacial boundaries of an image of a cell within which bodies are determined to be located comprising:
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a series of 2-D differential guassian filters for determining central axis of a cell image; and for each of a series of equidistant transverse sections of the cell image, a series of 1-D differential gaussian filters for generating a differential gaussian curve having a peak with a base between zero crossings, the distance across the base of the peak between the zero crossings determining radius of the cell image.
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18. A method of locating positions and measuring sizes of bodies in a 3-D fluorescense image, the steps comprising:
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convolving one at a time with the image a plurality of spacial filters, the spacial filters being designed such that bodies of different sizes within a predetermined range of sizes are located, each spatial filter for locating bodies of a size that is different than that of the other spatial filters; determining point locations and measuring sizes of the bodies from each filter response of the convolution, each filter locating bodies of at least the respective predetermined size and successive filters providing a size measurement of a located body, the respective size of a largest filter providing an increasing response to the located body determining a size measurement of the body; and forming a series of filters from the filters from which size measurements of located bodies are determined, the formed series of filters for determining orientation of the respective bodies. - View Dependent Claims (19, 20)
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21. A method of providing a measurement value for a spacial characteristic of bodies in an image, the steps comprising:
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convolving a series of spacial filters for locating the bodies, the filters being designed such that successive filters provide a principal response to bodies of incremental values of the spacial characteristic and also provide a unique convolution response to other bodies over a continuous range of values of the spacial characteristic above and below the incremental values, the ranges of successive filters overlapping; and determining a measurement value for the spacial characteristic of the bodies from the responses of the successive filters, the convolution responses of successive filters determining unique values of the spacial characteristic. - View Dependent Claims (22)
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Specification