Pulse-by-pulse current mode controlled power supply

• US 4,885,671 A
• Filed: 03/24/1988
• Issued: 12/05/1989
• Est. Priority Date: 03/24/1988
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Lockheed Martin Corporation (Martin Marietta Corporation)
• Original Assignee: General Electric Company
• Inventors: Peil, William
• Primary Examiner(s): Salce, Patrick R.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Peckman, Kristine
• Application Number:
  US07/172,606
• Time in Patent Office: 621 Days
• Field of Search: 363/16, 363/17, 363/24, 363/25, 363/26, 363/97, 363/98, 363/131, 363/132, 363/133, 363/134
• US Class Current: 363/17
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/335 using semiconductor devices only
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 41/28 using static converters

Abstract

A power supply for a Xenon lamp of a projection television includes a pulse-width-modulator that is included in a power regulating outer feedback loop and in a current-mode inner feedback loop. A current sensing transformer, responsive to a current in a chopper arrangement of the power supply, generates a signal that is coupled to a lowpass filter. The filter generates a ramping portion of each pulse of a control signal that is coupled to a current sensing terminal of the pulse-width-modulator. A switch operating synchronously with a horizontal sync signal is coupled across a capacitor of the lowpass filter to completely discharge the capacitor prior to the beginning of each ramping portion.

Claims

1. A power supply apparatus for supplying power to an arc-discharge load from an input supply voltage, the power supplied to the load manifesting itself as an output supply voltage and an output supply current at the load, comprising:

sense signal generating means for generating a sense signal that is indicative of a corresponding level of said output supply voltage and current;

a source of an oscillatory signal;

pulse-width-modulator (PWM) means coupled to the sense signal generating means and responsive to said sense signal, the PWM means for generating a pulsating drive signal having a pulse width that varies in response to said sense signal;

power switch means responsive to said drive signal and for coupling to said load for generating in said load said output supply current that is periodic and pulsating with a pulse width that varies in accordance with that of said drive signal such that a change in said sense signal causes the pulse width of a corresponding pulse of said output supply current to change in a negative feedback manner;

lowpass filter means responsive to an input signal that is indicative of said pulsating output supply current for generating at an output of said filter a ramping first portion of each pulse of a pulsating control signal the first portion ramping from a first predetermined value toward a second predetermined value and having a slope that is determined in accordance with a magnitude of said output supply current on a pulse-by-pulse basis, said slope having an average slope that is established by a cutoff frequency of said lowpass filter, said pulsating control signal being coupled to said PWM means for controlling the pulse width of a corresponding pulse of said drive signal such that a given change in said magnitude of said corresponding pulse of said output supply current from a steady state magnitude thereof will cause said lowpass filter to vary said slope of said first portion, on said pulse-by-pulse basis, that in turn, for a given level of said sense signal, causes the width of said corresponding pulse of said output supply current to change in a negative feedback manner, for reducing said given change in said magnitude of said corresponding pulse of said output supply current; and

means responsive to said oscillatory signal and coupled to said filter for generating a second portion of each pulse of said pulsatory control signal, the second portion directed toward the first predetermined value.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said lowpass filter comprises an R-C network that includes a capacitance for generating said control signal in said capacitance such that said cut-off frequency of said lowpass filter is determined by said capacitance.

3. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said second portion generating means comprises a second switch operating at a frequency that is related to that of said oscillatory signal and coupled to said capacitance of the filter means for discharging said capacitance prior to an occurrence of each said first portion of said control signal.

4. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein said second switch means discharges said capacitance to a predetermined level immediately prior to a beginning time of said ramping first portion of each pulse of said control signal such that a level of said control signal at said beginning time is substantially unaffected by any preceding pulse of said control signal and said output supply current, and wherein said second switch means forms with the said lowpass filter a synchronous lowpass filter.

5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said power switch means is coupled in series with a winding of an output transformer and with a winding of a current sensing transformer for generating at an output of said current sensing transformer said input signal that is supplied to an input of said lowpass filter and that is representative of said magnitude of said pulse of said output supply current.

6. The apparatus according to claim 5, further comprising, a rectifier coupled to a secondary winding of said output transformer, a choke coupled to said rectifier and an output filter capacitance coupled to said choke for generating said output supply voltage across said output filter capacitance to provide an arc sustaining current for coupling to a Xenon lamp.

7. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein said output transformer includes a third winding for developing in said third winding an AC signal that is supplied to said sense signal generating means and that is indicative of said level of said output supply voltage.

8. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said sense signal generating means comprises means for supplying to said load a third signal that is indicative of the level of said output supply current, means for supplying to said load a fourth signal that is indicative of the level of said output supply voltage and means for summing said third and fourth signals for generating said sense signal in accordance with a sum of said third and fourth signals such that said sense signal is indicative of a power that is developed in said load.

9. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a first winding having an input coupled to an output of the power switch means, a rectifier having an input coupled to said first winding and a choke having a first terminal that is coupled to an output of said rectifier and a second terminal that is for coupling to a utilization circuit, said choke for supplying said output supply current that is rectified by the rectifier to said utilization circuit.

10. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein said utilization circuit comprises a Xenon lamp that is energized by said rectified output supply current that sustains an arc in said Xenon lamp.

11. The apparatus according to claim 9, further comprising, a winding of a current sensing transformer coupled in series with said rectifier such that a signal that is developed at a terminal of said current sensing transformer is supplied to said sense signal generating means via said rectifier for generating said sense signal.

12. The apparatus according to claim 9, further comprising a winding of a current transformer coupled in series with said power switch and with said first winding for generating said input signal across a second winding of said current transformer that is coupled to an input terminal of said lowpass filter.

13. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein said first winding forms a primary winding of an output transformer and wherein said rectifier is conductively coupled to a second winding of said transformer and conductively isolated from said first winding.

14. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising, second, third and fourth power switch means for coupling to said load and supplied by the input supply voltage such that said first, second, third and fourth power switch means operate in a full bridge chopper arrangement.

15. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein a primary winding of an output transformer has a first terminal that is coupled between said first and second switch means and has a second terminal that is coupled between said third and fourth switch means and wherein a current sensing transformer is coupled in series with corresponding ones of said first, second, third and fourth switch means such that when two of said power switch means are conductive said input signal that is developed at a secondary winding of said current sensing transformer is at a first polarity and is representative of one of alternate pulses of said pulsating output supply current and when the other two of said power switch means are conductive said input signal at said secondary winding of said current sensing transformer is at the opposite polarity.

16. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising means responsive to a horizontal synchronization signal and coupled to said source of oscillatory signal for synchronizing said oscillatory signal to said horizontal synchronization signal when said load comprises a Xenon lamp that is utilized in a video projection apparatus.

17. A power supply apparatus for supplying power to a load from an input supply voltage, the power supplied to the load manifesting itself as an output supply voltage and an output supply current at the load, comprising:

sense signal generating means for generating a sense signal indicative of the value of the output supply voltage and output supply current;

pulse-width-modulator (PWM) means coupled to the sense signal generating means, the PWM means for generating a pulsating drive signal having a pulse width that varies in response to the sense signal;

power switch means coupled to the PWM means, the power switch means for supplying current to the load in response to the drive signal, such that the output supply current has a pulse width that varies directly with the pulse width of the drive signal and further wherein an increase in the value of the sense signal causes a decrease in the pulse width of the drive signal and a decrease in the value of the sense signal causes an increase in the pulse width of the drive signal;

lowpass filter means coupled to the power switch means, the lowpass filter means for generating a control signal in response to the output supply current, the control signal having a first ramping portion with a slope indicative of the magnitude of a corresponding pulse of the output supply current, such that the control signal includes a series of ramping portions determined on a pulse-by-pulse basis with respect to the output supply current,

wherein the PWM means is further coupled to the lowpass filter means and the pulse width of the drive signal further varies in response to a corresponding ramping portion of the control signal, such that for a predetermined level of the sense signal the pulse width of the drive signal varies inversely with the width of the corresponding ramping portion of the control signal on a pulse-by-pulse basis, and

wherein said PWM means is further coupled to the power switch means in a manner that bypasses said lowpass filter for causing an immediate reduction in the pulse width of a corresponding pulse of said drive signal when said control signal is greater than a predetermined level.

18. A power supply apparatus for supplying power to an arc-discharge load from an input supply voltage, the power supplied to the load manifesting itself as an output supply voltage and an output supply current at the load, comprising:

sense signal generating means for generating a sense signal that is indicative of a corresponding level of said output supply voltage and current;

a source of an oscillatory signal;

pulse-width modulator (PWM) means coupled to said sense signal generating means and responsive to said sense signal, the PWM means for generating a pulsating drive signal having a pulse width that varies in respose to said sense signal;

power switch means responsive to said drive signal and for supplying to said load said output supply current that is periodic and pulsating with a pulse width that varies in accordance with that of said drive signal such that a change in said sense signal resulting from a corresponding change in at least one of said output supply voltage and current causes the duty cycle of said output supply current to change in a negative feedback manner;

lowpass filter means responsive to an input signal that is indicative of said pulsating output supply current for generating at an output terminal of said filter a ramping first transition portion of each pulse of a pulsating control signal from a first predetermined value toward a second predetermined value having a slope that is determined in accordance with a magnitude of a corresponding pulse of said output supply current on a pulse-by-pulse basis, said control signal being coupled to said pulse-width-modulator for controlling the duty cycle of said drive signal such that a given change in said magnitude of said corresponding pulse of said output supply current from a steady state magnitude thereof will cause said lowpass filter to vary said slope of said ramp signal on said pulse-by-pulse basis that, in turn, for a given level of said sense signal, causes the duty cycle of said output supply current to change, in a negative feedback manner, for reducing said given change in said magnitude of said corresponding pulse of said output supply current; and

second switch means responsive to said oscillatory signal and coupled to said filter output terminal for generating a second transition of each pulse of said control signal, the second transition directed toward the first predetermined value.

19. The apparatus according to claim 18, wherein said filter comprises a capacitance and further wherein said second switch means discharges said capacitance during each period of said oscillatory signal to a predetermined level.

20. A power supply apparatus for supplying an output supply voltage and an output supply current to a load from an input supply voltage, comprising:

sense signal generating means for generating a sense signal indicative of the value of the output supply voltage and output supply current;

pulse-width-modulator (PWM) means coupled to the sense signal generating means, the PWM means for generating a pulsating drive signal having a pulse width that varies in response to the sense signal;

power switch means coupled to the PWM means, the power switch means for supplying the output supply current to the load in response to the drive signal, wherein the output supply current has a pulse width that varies directly with the pulse width of the drive signal and further wherein an increase in the value of the sense signal causes a decrease in the duty cycle of the output supply current and a decrease in the value of the sense signal causes an increase in the duty cycle of the output supply current;

lowpass filter means coupled to the power switch means, the lowpass filter means including a capacitance is for generating a pulsating control signal in response to the output supply current, the control signal having a ramping first transition portion from a first predetermined value toward a second predetermined value with a slope indicative of the magnitude of a corresponding pulse of the output supply current on a pulse-by-pulse basis, the lowpass filter means further coupled to the PWM means, the PWM means for controlling the duty cycle of the drive signal on a pulse-by-pulse basis in response to the control signal such that the duty cycle of the drive signal decreases for an increase in the output supply current and the duty cycle of the drive signal increases for a decrease in the output supply current;

oscillator means coupled to the filter means, the oscillator means having an oscillating output signal for generating a second transition of each pulse of the control signal, the second transition directed toward the first predetermined value; and

a current source coupled to said capacitance of said filter for charging said capacitance in a current path that bypasses a current path of said pulsating output supply current to form a ramp signal during a start-up interval in the absence of said output supply current.

21. A power supply apparatus for supplying an output supply voltage and an output supply current to a load from an input supply voltage, comprising:

sense signal generating means for generating a sense signal indicative of the value of the output supply voltage and output supply current;

pulse-width-modulator (PWM) means coupled to the sense signal generating means, the PWM means for generating a pulsating drive signal having a pulse width that varies in response to the sense signal;

power switch means coupled to the PWM means, the power switch means for supplying the output supply current to the load in response to the drive signal, wherein the output supply current has a pulse width that varies directly with the pulse width of the drive signal and further wherein an increase in the value of the sense signal causes a decrease in the duty cycle of the output supply current and a decrease in the value of the sense signal causes an increase in the duty cycle of the output supply current;

lowpass filter means coupled to the power switch means, the lowpass filter means including a capacitance is for generating a pulsating control signal in response to the output supply current, the control signal having a ramping first transition portion with a slope indicative of the magnitude of a corresponding pulse of the output supply current on a pulse-by-pulse basis, the lowpass filter means further coupled to the PWM means, the PWM means for controlling the duty cycle of the drive signal on a pulse-by-pulse basis in response to the control signal such that the duty cycle of the drive signal decreases for an increase in the output supply current and the duty cycle of the drive signal increases for a decrease in the output supply current;

oscillator means coupled to the filter means, the oscillator means having an oscillating output signal for generating a second transition of each pulse of the control signal, the second transition varying in an opposite sense to the transition of the first portion; and

comparator means having an input coupled to the power switch means, the comparator means, for generating a current limit protection signal, the current limit protection signal supplied to said PWM means for causing a substantial reduction in a pulse width of said drive signal, the current limit protection signal generated when said magnitude of said corresponding pulse of said output current is greater than a predetermined value.

22. A power supply apparatus for supplying power to a load from an input supply voltage, the power supplied to the load manifesting itself as an output supply voltage and an output supply current at the load, comprising:

sense signal generating means coupled to said load for generating a sense signal that is indicative of a corresponding level of said output supply voltage and current;

pulse-width-modulator (PWM) means coupled to said sense signal generating means and responsive to said sense signal, the sense signal generating means for generating a pulsating drive signal having a pulse width that varies in response to said sense signal;

power switch means responsive to said drive signal and coupled to said load for generating in said load said output supply current that is periodic and pulsating with a pulse width that varies in accordance with that of said drive signal such that a change in said sense signal resulting from a corresponding change in at least one of said output supply voltage and current causes the duty cycle of said output supply current to change in a negative feedback manner;

lowpass filter means responsive to an input signal that is indicative of said pulsating output supply current for generating at an output terminal of said filter a ramping first portion of each pulse of a pulsating control signal having a slope that is determined in accordance with a magnitude of a corresponding pulse of said output supply current on a pulse-by-pulse basis said control signal being coupled to said pulse-width-modulator for controlling the duty cycle of said drive signal such that a given change in said magnitude of said corresponding pulse of said output supply current from a steady state magnitude thereof will cause said lowpass filter to vary said slope of said ramp signal on said pulse-by-pulse basis that, in turn, for a given level of said sense signal, causes the duty cycle of said output supply current to change in a negative feedback manner, for reducing said given change in said magnitude of said corresponding pulse of said output supply current; and

means responsive to said oscillatory signal and coupled to said filter output terminal for generating a second portion of each pulse of said control signal such that prior to said ramping first portion of each pulse said control signal is established at a predetermined level that is substantially unaffected by any preceding pulse of said control signal.