Document image entry system

• US 4,893,188 A
• Filed: 06/17/1988
• Issued: 01/09/1990
• Est. Priority Date: 06/19/1987
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Hitachi, Ltd.
• Original Assignee: Hitachi, Ltd.
• Inventors: Fujinawa, Masaaki, Murakami, Tatsuya, Fujisawa, Hiromichi, Hananoi, Toshihiro
• Primary Examiner(s): Britton, Howard W.
• Assistant Examiner(s): VU, KIM Y
• Application Number:
  US07/208,116
• Time in Patent Office: 571 Days
• Field of Search: 358/283, 358/282, 358/284, 358/280, 382/9, 382/50
• US Class Current: 358/2.1
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/40062 Discrimination between different image types, e.g. two-tone, continuous tone

Abstract

For halftone digital image data, an edge portion of the image is extracted for each pixel, and based on a density of each pixel or an average density of each group of a plurality of adjacent or neighboring pixels, there are extracted pixels of a background other than the edge portion of the image. Thereafter, the image data is subdivided into a plurality of blocks each including a predetermined number of pixels. Based on distribution states of the pixels of the block judged to belong to the edge and those of the block judged to belong to the background, a domain recognition is conducted to determine whether the block is a binary block or a halftone block. In addition, for each block, a state of areas in blocks encircling the block is examined such that depending on the state, an expansion/contraction processing is repeatedly achieved a predetermined times for the halftone domain, thereby separating the image data into a binary domain and a halftone domain in a real-time fashion.

Claims

1. An image input apparatus comprising:

an image scanning unit for effecting a scanning on a surface of a sheet of paper to convert an optical image on the sheet into halftone or multivalue digital image data;

a local recognition unit for effecting a scanning on an image attained by said image scanning unit by use of a window including M×

N (M and N are integers) pixels such that a feature value is extracted depending on a state of a density distribution of pixels in the window and a recognition to determine whether each of said pixels belongs to a binary domain or a halftone domain is effected according to said feature value; and

a large scale recognition unit for subdividing the image in block each including P×

Q (P and Q are integers and P>

M, Q>

N) pixels such that depending on a feature value represented by an output result from said local recognition unit with respect to each pixel of each block, whether said each block belongs to a binary domain or a halftone domain is recognized in a real-time processing;

wherein recognition of whether each portion of said image belongs to a binary domain or halftone domain is effected only depending on partial data of said image.

2. An image input apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said large scale recognition unit comprises:

a block segmentation unit for determining a feature value for each block depending on a result of a local recognition on pixels of said each block so as to determine whether said block belongs to a binary domain or a halftone domain according to said feature value; and

a rewriting unit for detecting a state of a result from said block segmentation unit with respect to blocks located in peripheral positions of said each block such that when the result satisfies a particular condition, a processing to rewrite the result associated with a central block is repeatedly effected a plurality of times in a pipeline manner.

3. An image input apparatus according to claim 2 wherein said large scale recognition unit comprises as a final stage of the large scale recognition:

a processing in which a state of recognition result for at least a block adjacent to each said block is detected such that when at least a halftone block exists therein, said central block is recognized to be a halftone domain.

4. An image input apparatus according to claim 2 wherein said rewrite processing for said central block comprises:

two kinds of processing including a processing to be executed only when said central block is recognized to be a binary domain and a processing to be executed only when said central block is recognized to be a halftone domain;

said two kinds of processing are respectively executed once or a plurality of times and a combination of said two kinds of processing is executed at least once; and

only when said central block is recognized to be a halftone domain as a result, a processing to effect a rewriting only when said central block is a binary domain is executed once or a plurality of times.

5. An image input apparatus according to claim 2 further comprising

a rewriting unit for referencing, in a case where a recognition result of neighboring blocks of said central block is to be referenced, a recognition result of at least four blocks adjacent thereto in horizontal and vertical directions of said central block and for effecting the processing to rewrite the recognition result of said central block only when the recognition result of three or four blocks of said four blocks or the recognition result of two blocks thereof orthogonal to each other is different from the recognition result of said central block.

6. An image input apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said local recognition unit possesses at least two kinds of judging methods associated with a background detect unit for extracting at least a background of an image.

7. An image input apparatus according to claim 6 wherein said local recognition unit includes as part thereof an edge detect unit and a background detect unit for effecting a feature detection by use of an output from said edge detect unit.

8. An image input apparatus according to claim 7 wherein said background detect unit includes a background density detect unit for determining a threshold value based on image information inputted or an instruction supplied from an external device.

9. An image input apparatus comprising:

(a) means for inputting an image and for converting the image into halftone or multivalue digital image data;

(b) binarize means for binarizing said halftone digital image data;

(c) dither means for converting said halftone digital image data into guasi-halftone data;

(d) domain recognize means for determining whether said halftone digital image data belongs to a binary domain or to a halftone domain; and

(e) select means for selecting either an output from said binarize means or an output from said dither means based on are result from said domain recognize means wherein said domain recognize means includes;

(i) means for processing said halftone digital image data so as to extract an edge portion of the image for each pixel,

(ii) means for extracting pixels associated with a background of the image other than the edge portion of the image based on a density of each pixel or an average density for each group of a plurality of adjacent or neighboring pixels, and

(iii) means for subdividing said image data into a plurality of blocks each including a predeterned number of pixels such that a domain recognition is effected for each said block to determine whether said each block belongs to a binary block or a halftone block based on distribution states of pixels of said block judged to belong to the edge and pixels of said block judged to belong to the background.

10. An image input apparatus comprising:

means for inputting an image including a character or a pattern area and a photographic area and for converting said image into multivalue digital image data;

binarize means for binarization processing of a binary image such as a character and a pattern for said inputted multivalue image data;

dither means for dithering processing of a halftone image such as a photographic for said inputted multivalue image data;

local domain decision means for deciding whether a pixel corresponding to said multivalue digital data belongs to a binary image domain or to a halftone image domain based on detecting the condition of density distribution of pixels in a predetermined range located in a periphery of said pixel;

global domain decision means including block decision means for deciding whether a block consisting of an adjacent plurality of said pixel belongs to a binary image domain or to a halftone image domain based on decision results for each pixel generated by said local domain decision means and rewriting means for correcting the decision results of a block decision results of blocks adjacent to said block according to a predetermined rule;

selection means for alternatively selecting data generated by said binarize means or said dither means according to the decision results for each block generated by said global domain decision means.

11. An image input apparatus accoring to claim 10, wherein said binarize means are plural and a size of a block employed in said block decision means is determined by a resolution of domain recognition required in exchanging said binarize means.

12. An image input apparatus according to claim 10, wherein said rewriting means comprises:

means for deciding that all of said blocks adjacent to said block, which has been decided to belong to a halftone image domain, belong to said halftone image domain.

13. An image input rewriting apparatus according to claim 10, wherein said rewriting means comprises:

means for detecting an output from said block decision means as a distribution pattern of decision results of said blocks adjacent to said block, and

repeating means for repeating processings of at least once of rewriting decision results for a central block as a halftone image domain if said central block is decided to belong to a binary image domain and a detected distribution pattern satisfies a prescribed specific condition and at least once rewriting said decision results for said central block as a binary image domain if said central block is decided to belong to a halftone image domain and said detected distribution pattern satisfies a prescribed specific condition.

14. An image input apparatus according to claim 13, wherein said repeating means repeatedly performs processings of rewriting when said central block is decided to belong to a binary image domain and when said central block is decided to belong to a halftone image domain and the former rewriting processing is performed after the latter rewriting processing.

15. An image input apparatus according to claim 10, wherein said local decision means comprises:

edge extraction means for detecting for each pixel a maximum value (Dmax) and a minimum value (Dmin) of a density in each pixel and pixels in a predetermined range located in a periphery of said each pixel, and deciding that said each pixel is an edge pixel of a character or a pattern if a difference between Dmax and Dmin is not less than a prescribed first threshold value; and

background extraction means for calculating for each pixel an average value of each pixel and pixels in a periphery of said each pixel and deciding that said each pixel is a background pixel if the average value is not less than a prescribed second threshold.

16. An image input apparatus according to claim 15, wherein if said each pixel and pixels in a predetermined range located in the periphery thereof, said background extraction means performs a processing of pixels other than said edge pixel.