Pause compression and reconstitution for recording/playback apparatus

• US 4,893,197 A
• Filed: 12/29/1988
• Issued: 01/09/1990
• Est. Priority Date: 12/29/1988
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Nice Systems Incorporated (Nice Ltd)
• Original Assignee: Dictaphone Corporation (Microsoft Corporation)
• Inventors: Howells, Joseph A., Sweet, Alan F.
• Primary Examiner(s): Canney, Vincent P.
• Application Number:
  US07/291,842
• Time in Patent Office: 376 Days
• Field of Search: 360/27, 360/71, 360/8
• US Class Current: 360/8
• CPC Class Codes: G09B 5/04 with audible presentation of the material to be studied sound recording or reproducing G11B
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 20/00007 Time or data compression or expansion audio compression based on psychoacoustics G10L19/00; data processing for reproducing audio data at different playback speeds G10L21/04; video compression H04N19/00; data compression per se H03M7/30
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 27/10 Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 27/22 Means responsive to presence or absence of recorded information signals
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 27/34 Indicating arrangements indicating means incorporated in magazine or cassette G11B23/046 and G11B23/0875; indicating measured values in general G01D

Abstract

Pauses present in an input audio signal are detected and digitally encoded to represent the length of each pause. The audio signals are recorded; but the pauses included therein are replaced by respective pause encoded signals, thereby compressing the audio signals. When the compressed audio signals are played back, each pause encoded signal is sensed and is replaced by a pause whose length is derived from the encoded signal.

Claims

1. Sound recording apparatus comprising:

an input including analog-to-digital converter (ADC) means for receiving analog audio signals, converting the received audio signals to digitized audio signals and producing digital samples of the received audio signals;

pause detecting means coupled to said input for detecting respective pauses in the received audio signals;

pause encoding means for encoding the length of each detected pause and for producing a digital pause encoded signal representing said length;

replacement means for replacing respective pauses in the digitized audio signals with the digital pause encoded signal therefor;

digital recording means for recording the pause-replaced digitized audio signals; and

temporary store means having addressable locations for storing said digital samples, and address generating means for generating addresses to identify the respective locations in which said digital samples are stored, whereby audio signals are recorded without original pauses and are compressed.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said pause encoding means includes threshold means providing a threshold value representing a minimum desired pause length;

comparison means for comparing the length of a pause in the received audio signals to said threshold value to determine if said pause exceeds said minimum desired pause length; and

means for including in said digital pause encoded signal an indication of whether said pause is less than or greater than said minimum desired pause length.

3. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein said threshold value is selectable.

4. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein said pause encoding means further includes address sensing means for sensing the address of said temporary store means at which the beginning of a detected pause would be stored and for sensing the address of said temporary store means at which the end of a detected pause would be stored;

and means for providing address markers in said digital pause encoded signal representing said sensed addresses.

5. The apparatus of claim 4 further comprising write means for writing into said temporary store said digital pause encoded signals produced by said pause encoding means, thereby eliminating stored digital samples of pauses and compressing the digital information recorded by said recording means.

6. The apparatus of claim 5 wherein said digital recording means includes rigid disk storage means coupled to said temporary store means for recording said digital samples of received audio signals and said digital pause encoded signals.

7. Sound reproducing apparatus comprising:

a storage medium on which are recorded compressed digital audio signals including digital samples of audio information and digital pause encoded signals representing the lengths of respective pauses included in original audio signals that had been recorded;

playback means for playing back the digital samples and digital pause encoded signals;

digital-to-analog converting (DAC) means for converting the played back digital samples to analog audio signals;

insertion means responsive to a played back digital pause encoded signal for inserting into said analog audio signals a pause whose length is derived from said digital pause encoded signal; and

transducer means for producing audio sounds in response to said analog audio signals;

said insertion means comprising pause length setting means for setting the length of an inserted pause (a) to be equal to a predetermined amount if the length represented by the digital pause encoded signal exceeds a minimum desired length and (b) to be equal to the length represented by the digital pause encoded signal if said last-mentioned length is less than said minimum desired length.

8. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein said pause length setting means comprises selector means for selecting said predetermined amount within a preset range of pause lengths no less than said minimum desired length.

9. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein said pause length setting means further comprises means for determining if the selected predetermined amount is less than said minimum desired length;

and means for setting the length of said inserted pause equal to said minimum desired length if the length represented by the digital pause encoded signal is greater than said minimum desired length and the selected predetermined amount is less than said minimum desired length.

10. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein said pause length setting means additionally includes means for determining if said selected predetermined amount exceeds said minimum desired length to set the length of said inserted pause equal to said selected predetermined amount.

11. The apparatus of claim 7 further comprising temporary storage means for storing the played back digital samples and ditial pause encoded signals;

read out means for reading out to said DAC means the digital samples stored in said temporary storage means;

inhibit means for inhibiting the reading out of said temporary storage means in response to a digital pause encoded signal; and

means for supplying to said DAC means the pause whose length is set by said pause length setting means.

12. The apparatus of claim 11 wherein said inhibit means comprises detecting means for detecting a digital pause encoded signal read out from said temporary storage means, and pause sample means for generating digital pause representing samples for a time period determined by the pause length set by said pause length setting means;

and wherein the means for supplying to said DAC means the pause whose length is set by said pause length setting means comprises means for supplying the digital pause samples to said DAC means.

13. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein said means for supplying the digital pause samples to said DAC means comprises random noise generating means for converting the digital pause samples to random noise samples;

and means for supplying the random noise samples to said DAC means.

14. The apparatus of claim 11 further comprising means for resuming the reading out of said temporary storage after a time duration determined by the pause whose length is set by said pause length setting means.

15. Sound recording and reproducing apparatus comprising:

an input for receiving audio signals to be recorded;

pause detecting means coupled to said input for detecting respective pauses in the received audio signals;

pause encoding means for producing a digital pause encoded signal representing a pause length for each detected pause;

analog-to-digital converting (ADC) means coupled to said input for converting the received audio signals to digital audio samples representative thereof;

temporary store means coupled to said ADC means and having addressable locations for storing said digital audio samples and address generating means for generating addresses to identify the respective locations in which said digital audio samples are stored;

replacement means for replacing pauses in the received audio signals with respective digital pause encoded signals;

recording means for recording the digital audio samples and digital pause encoded signals, whereby the recorded audio signals are compressed;

playback means for playing back the recorded digital audio samples and digital pause encoded signals;

digital-to-analog converting (DAC) means coupled to said playback menas for converting the played back digital audio samples to analog audio signals;

insertion means responsive to a played back digital pause encoded signal for inserting into the converted analog audio signal a pause whose length is derived from said digital pause encoded signal; and

output means for outputting analog audio signals with inserting pauses.

16. The apparatus of claim 15 wherein said pause encoding means includes threshold means providing a threshold value representing a minimum desired pause length;

comparison means for comparing the length of a pause in the received audio signals to said threshold value to determine if said pause exceeds said minimum desired pause length; and

means for including in said digital pause encoded signal and indication of whether said pause is less than or greater than said minimum desired pause length.

17. The apparatus of claim 16 wherein said pause encoding means further includes address sensing means for sensing the address of said temporary store means at which the beginning of a detected pause would be stored and for sensing the address of said temporary store means at which the end of a detected pause would be stored;

and means for providing address markers in said digital pause encoded signal representing said sensed addresses.

18. The apparatus of claim 17 further comprising write means for writing into said temporary store said digital pause encoded signals produced by said pause encoding means, thereby eliminating stored digital samples of pauses and compressing the digital information recorded by said recording means.

19. The apparatus of claim 18 wherein said recording means includes rigid disk storage means coupled to said temporary store means for recording said digital audio samples and said digital pause encoded signals.

20. The apparatus of claim 15 wherein said insertion means includes random noise generating means for generating a random noise signal having a time duration substantially equal to the length of the inserted pause;

and means for inserting said random noise signal into the analog audio signals.

21. The apparatus of claim 15 wherein said insertion means comprises pause length setting means for setting the length of an inserted pause (a) to be equal to a predetermined amount if the length represented by the digital pause encoded signal exceeds a minimum desired length and (b) to be equal to the length represented by the digital pause encoded signal if said last-mentioned length is less than said minimum desired length.

22. The apparatus of claim 21 wherein said pause length setting means comprises selector means for selecting said predetermined amount within a preset range of pause lengths no less than said minimum desired length.

23. The apparatus of claim 22 wherein said pause length setting means further comprises means for determining if the selected predetermined amount is less than said minimum desired length;

and means for setting the length of said inserted pause equal to said minimum desired length if the length represented by the digital pause encoded signal is greater than said minimum desired length and the selected predetermined amount is less than said minimum desired length.

24. The apparatus of claim 23 wherein said pause length setting means additionally includes means for determining if said selected predetermined amount exceeds said minimum desired length to set the length of said inserted pause equal to said selected predetermined amount.

25. The apparatus of claim 21 further comprising temporary storage means for storing the played back digital audio samples and digital pause encoded signals;

read out means for reading out to said DAC means the digital audio samples stored in said temporary storage means;

inhibit means for inhibiting the reading out of said temporary storage means in response to a digital pause encoded signal; and

means for supplying to said DAC means the pause whose length is set by said pause length setting means.

26. The apparatus of claim 25 wherein said inhibit means comprises detecting means for detecting a digital pause encoded signal read out from said temporary storage means, and pause sample means for generating digital pause representing samples for a time period determined by the pause length set by said pause length setting means;

and wherein the means for supplying to said DAC means the pause whose length is set by said pause length setting means comprises means for supplying the digital pause samples to said DAC means.

27. The apparatus of claim 26 wherein said means for supplying the digital pause samples to said DAC means comprises random noise generating means for converting the digital pause samples to random noise samples;

and means for supplying the random noise samples to said DAC means.

28. The apparatus of claim 25 further comprising means for resuming the reading out of said temporary storage after a time duration determined by the pause whose length is set by said pause length setting means.

29. Sound reproducing apparatus comprising:

a storage medium on which are recorded compressed digital audio signals including digital samples of audio information and digital pause encoded signals representing the lengths of respective pauses included in original audio signals that had been recorded;

playback means for playing back the digital samples and ditial pause encoded signals;

digital-to-analog converting (DAC) means for converting the played back digital samples to analog audio signals;

insertion means responsive to a played back digital pause encoded signal for inserting into said analog audio signals a pause whose length is derived from said digital pause encoded signal; and

transducer means for producing audio sounds in response to said analog audio signals;

said insertion means including;

(a) random noise generating means for generating a random noise signal having a time duration substantially equal to the length of the inserted pause; and

(b) means for inserting said random noise signal into the analog audio signals.