Adjustable tint window with electrochromic conductive polymer

• US 4,893,908 A
• Filed: 06/27/1988
• Issued: 01/16/1990
• Est. Priority Date: 06/27/1988
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Alliedsignal Inc. (Honeywell International Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Alliedsignal Inc. (Honeywell International Inc.)
• Inventors: Baughman, Ray H., Elsenbaumer, Ronald L., Shacklette, Lawrence W., Miller, Granville G., Wolf, James F.
• Primary Examiner(s): Laroche, Eugene R.
• Assistant Examiner(s): NOT, DEFINED
• Application Number:
  US07/211,537
• Time in Patent Office: 568 Days
• Field of Search: 350/258, 350/259, 350/260, 350/261, 350/357, 52/170-172, 52/304, 52/308
• US Class Current: 359/275
• CPC Class Codes: E06B 3/6722 with adjustable passage of light
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/1533 structural features not otherwise provided for

Abstract

A method is provided for decreasing radiative heat transfer and adjustably limiting visible light and near infrared radiation transfer and glare through a window. The method comprises the steps of: (a) mounting within a frame of the window a plurality of spaced window panes, a first and second of the panes having opposing faces; (b) assembling between the opposing faces a conductive polymer cell, the cell having a first wall composed of a transparent conductive layer affixed to the first pane and having deposited thereupon an electroactive electro-optically responsive conductive polymer, and a second wall comprised of a transparent conductive layer coated on the second pane, the layer being optionally coated with a second electro-optically responsive polymer, the first and second walls delimiting a cavity containing an ion-conducting electrolyte which contacts opposing surfaces of the first and second walls, and (c) applying a potential between the first and second walls to provide a selected light transmittance upon passage of current therebetween.

Claims

1. A method for decreasing radiative heat transfer and adjustably limiting visible light and near infrared radiation transfer ad glare through a window, comprising the steps of:

(a) mounting within a frame of said window a plurality of spaced window panes, a first and second of said panes having opposing faces;

(b) assembling between said opposing faces a conductive polymer cell, said cell having a first wall composed of a transparent conductive layer affixed to said first pane and having deposited thereupon an electroactive electro-optically responsive conductive polymer composed of either p-type or n-type conjugated polymers and a second wall comprised of a transparent conductive layer coated on said second pane, said layer being optionally coated with a second electro-optically responsive conductive polymer, said conjugated polymers being chain-oriented in a plane parallel to the plane of the window so as to create a polarization of the transmitted light, said first and second walls delimiting a cavity containing an ion-conducting electrolyte which contacts opposing surfaces of the first and second walls, and (c) applying a potential between said first and second walls to provide a selected light transmittance upon passage of current therebetween.

2. A method as recited in claim 1, comprising the step of mounting within said frame a third pane, said third pane delimiting, with said first or second panes, a space providing a thermal break.

3. A method as recited in claim 2, comprising the step of adjusting said window panes to be substantially parallel.

4. A method as recited in claim 3, comprising the step of sealing said window panes to isolate said space.

5. A method as recited in claim 4, wherein said sealing step includes the step of injecting an inert gas into said space to enhance characteristics of said thermal break.

6. A method as recited in claim 5 wherein said inert gas is selected from the group consisting of argon, nitrogen, dry air, neon and mixtures thereof.

7. A method as recited in claim 1 whrein said p-type conjugated polymers are coated on said first wall, and are adapted to become transmissive during a reductive or cathodic process.

8. A method of claim 7 in which said p-type conjugated polymers are chosen from polyprrole, polyaniline, poly(p-phenylene vinylene), poly(p-phenylene), polyacetylene, poly(thienylene vinylene) and substituted versions thereof.

9. A method as recited in claim 1 where said p-type conjugated polymers are coated on the second wall and are adapted to become transmissive during an oxidative or anodic process.

10. Method of claim 9 in which said p-type conjugated polymers are chosen from poly(thienylene vinylene), poly(furylene vinylene), poly -(isothianaphthene), polyacetylene, and substituted versions thereof.

11. A method as recited in claim 10 in which said poly(thienylene vinylene) is substituted in the 3 position by a methoxy, propoxy, butoxy, hexoxy, or octyloxy group.

12. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein said n-type conjugated polymers are coated on said second wall.

13. A method as recited in claim 12 wherein the n-type conjugated polymer is chosen from polyacetylene, poly(p-phenylene), poly-2,6-(4-phenylquinoline), and substituted versions thereof.

14. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein said second electro-optically responsive material is coated on said second wall as an electroactive material, and is adapted to become transparent during an oxidative or anodic process.

15. A method as recited in claim 14 wherein said second electro-optically responsive material is a tungsten bronze or a molybdenum bronze.

16. A method as recited in claim 15 wherein said bronze is applied to the conductive layer of claim 1 as a substantially amorphous film.

17. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein the plane of polarization is chosen to be horizontal with the ground and substantially eliminates glare.

18. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein the conductive polymers are applied to each of said first and second walls and are respectively chain oriented in perpendicular directions so as to effect a cross polarization of transmitted light.

19. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein said electrolyte is composed of an ionizable salt dissolved in a liquid solvent.

20. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein said electrolyte is composed of a solid polymeric electrolyte.

21. A method as recited in claim 20 wherein the polymeric electrolyte is composed of a mixture of phosphoric acid and poly(vinylalcohol).

22. A method as recited claim 20 wherein the polymeric electrolyte is composed of a mixture of an alkali-metal salt and a saturated polyether or other backbone polymer having polyether side groups.

23. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein the transparent conductive layer of the first and second walls is composed of indium-tin oxide, antimony-tin oxide or cadmium tin oxide.

24. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein the opposite face of the pane forming the first or second wall is covered by a reflecting coating to form a mirror providing an adjustable degree of reflection.