Pulse voltammetry
First Claim
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1. A sensing apparatus for sensing chemical compositions comprising:
- an electrocatalytic sensor having at least sensing and reference electrodes;
means for applying a first periodic signal to the sensor during a measurement time period;
means for generating a periodic reactivation signal differing from the first periodic signal by at least one of amplitude, frequency, and waveshape;
means for applying the periodic reactivation signal to the sensor during a reactivation time period after completion of the measurement time period; and
sensing means for sensing electrical current flow between the sensing and reference electrodes during the measurement time period.
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Abstract
A glucose sensing apparatus and method includes an electrocatalytic sensor having a reference electrode and a sensing electrode. A periodic signal is comprised of a ramp voltage which is intermingled a series of square wave measurement pulses. This signal is applied to the sensor. Current levels are sampled twice during each measurement pulse, and a signal indicative of glucose level is derived therefrom. After completion of a measurement, a reactivation, signal is applied to the electrode to regenerate deteriorated surfaces thereof.
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Citations
22 Claims
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1. A sensing apparatus for sensing chemical compositions comprising:
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an electrocatalytic sensor having at least sensing and reference electrodes; means for applying a first periodic signal to the sensor during a measurement time period; means for generating a periodic reactivation signal differing from the first periodic signal by at least one of amplitude, frequency, and waveshape; means for applying the periodic reactivation signal to the sensor during a reactivation time period after completion of the measurement time period; and sensing means for sensing electrical current flow between the sensing and reference electrodes during the measurement time period. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12)
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7. A sensing apparatus for sensing chemical compositions comprising:
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an electrocatalytic sensor having at least sensing and reference electrodes; means for applying a first periodic signal to the sensor during a measurement time period; means for applying a periodic reactivation signal to the sensor during a reactivation time period, the reactivation signal differing from the first periodic signal by at least one of amplitude, frequency, and waveshape; and sensing means for sensing electrical current flow between the sensing and reference electrodes during the measurement time period; and means for applying a second period signal to the sensor during the measurement time period, the second periodic signal being defined by a lower amplitude and higher frequency than an amplitude and frequency of the first periodic signal. - View Dependent Claims (8)
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13. A glucose level sensing apparatus comprising:
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means for applying a first periodic signal to a sensor during a measurement time period, the first periodic signal being defined with a voltage versus time relation in the range of 50 millivolts per second to 200 millivolts per second, in a voltage range of -1.0 volt to 1.0 volt; means for applying a periodic reactivation signal to the sensor during a reactivation time period, the reactivation signal having a frequency in the range of 20 hertz to 1 kilohertz; sensing means for sensing electrical conduction between a sensing electrode and a reference electrode of the sensor during the measurement time period; means for applying a plurality of measurement pulses defined by a generally square waveshape to the sensor during the movement time period, the measurement pulses being further defined by a lower amplitude and a higher frequency than an amplitude and frequency of the first periodic signal; means for commingling the first periodic reactivation signal and the plurality of measurement pulses to form a composite measurement signal; means for obtaining first and second measured value signals from the sensing means during each of the plurality of measurement pulses; and derivation means for deriving a chemical level signal in accordance with the first and second measured value signals. - View Dependent Claims (14)
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15. A method of sensing chemical compositions comprising the steps of:
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applying a first periodic signal, during a measurement time period, to an electrocatalytic sensor having at least sensing and reference electrodes; applying a periodic reactivation signal to the sensor during a reactivation time period, the reactivation signal differing from the first periodic signal by at least one of amplitude, frequency, and waveshape; applying a second periodic signal to the sensor during the measurement time period, the second periodic signal having a lower amplitude and a higher frequency than an amplitude and frequency of the first periodic signal; and sensing electrical current flow between the sensing and reference electrodes during the measurement time period. - View Dependent Claims (16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22)
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Specification