Cogeneration/CO.sub.2 production process and plant

• US 4,899,544 A
• Filed: 05/19/1989
• Issued: 02/13/1990
• Est. Priority Date: 08/13/1987
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Randall T. Boyd
• Original Assignee: Randall T. Boyd
• Inventors: Boyd, Randall T.
• Primary Examiner(s): Ostrager, Allen M.
• Application Number:
  US07/355,894
• Time in Patent Office: 270 Days
• Field of Search: 60/616, 60/618, 60/648, 60/649, 60/670, 60/39.182, 60/721
• US Class Current: 60/618
• CPC Class Codes: F01K 23/103 with afterburner in exhaust boiler
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 20/32 Direct CO2 mitigation

Abstract

In accordance with an illustrative embodiment of the present invention, a cogeneration facility combined with means for producing CO₂ includes an internal combustion engine that drives an electrical generator, a waste heat recovery unit through which hot exhaust gases from the engine are passed to recover thermal energy in usable form, and means for conveying exhaust gases coming out of the waste heat recovery unit to a CO₂ recovery unit where the CO₂ is extracted and made available as a saleable byproduct.

Claims

1. A method of generating electric power in a manner that qualifies as a cogeneration facility and producing carbons dioxide (CO₂) from exhaust gases, comprising the steps of:

driving an electric generator with a prime mover that burns a mixture of fossil fuel and an oxygen-containing gas such as air and produces hot exhaust gases;

passing said hot exhaust gases through a waste heat recovery unit to recover thermal energy;

directing cooled exhaust gases coming out of said waste heat recovery unit to a CO₂ recovery unit;

processing said cooled exhaust gases in said recovery unit to extract CO₂ from said exhaust gases; and

using said recovered thermal energy in said processing step.

2. The method of claim 1 including the further step of using a booster fan to direct said cool exhaust gases to said CO₂ recovery unit.

3. The method of claim 2 wherein said processing includes absorbing CO₂ in said cool exhaust gases in a recovery solution contained in said CO₂ recovery unit;

conveying said solution to a separator; and

separating the CO₂ from said solution and piping said CO₂ in gaseous form to a utilization means.

4. The method of claim 3 including the further steps of:

returning said solution to said CO₂ recovery unit; and

venting gas from said separator containing principally oxygen, nitrogen and water vapor to the atmosphere.

5. The method of claim 4 including the further steps of:

feeding the water saturated, relatively pure, gaseous stream of CO₂ coming out of said separator to a liquification plant; and

drying, compressing and liquifying said CO₂ stream.

6. The method of claim 5 including the further step of:

storing liquid CO₂ in a storage tank.

7. The method of claim 5 including the further step of:

pumping said liquified CO₂ into a pipe line for delivery to an injection system of an oil well associated with an enhanced oil recovery program in an oil field.

8. The method of claim 5 including the further step of:

processing the liquid CO₂ to produce dry ice.

9. The method of claim 5 including the further step of:

using said liquified CO₂ in a beverage bottling process or food processing facility.

10. The method of claim 1 including the further steps of:

using a portion of the electrical output of said generator to power equipment associated with said CO₂ recovery unit; and

selling the balance of the electrical output of said generator to a public utility.

11. A carbon dioxide (CO₂) production and cogeneration facility comprising:

a prime mover of the type requiring a mixture of fossil fuel and air for internal combustion that produces hot exhaust gases, said prime mover having lubricating oil, a cooling jacket containing a cooling fluid, and an exhaust gas manifold;

heat exchangers for the recovery of rejected heat from said lubricating oil, said cooling jacket fluid, and said manifold to recover thermal energy;

an electric generator driven by said prime mover for producing electric power;

a CO₂ recovery unit for removing the CO₂ component of said exhaust gases;

means for directing cooled exhaust gases coming out of said manifold to said CO₂ recovery unit; and

means for using said recovered thermal energy in said CO₂ recovery unit.

12. The facility of claim 11 further including fan means for forcing said cool exhaust gases toward said CO₂ recovery unit.

13. The facility of claim 12 wherein said CO₂ recovery unit comprises a vessel containing a co-solvent recovery solution, said cool exhaust gases being in countercurrent contact with said solution where CO₂ is absorbed therein.

14. The facility of claim 13 further including separator means through which said recovery solution is circulated for removing the CO₂ from said solution.

15. The facility of claim 14 further including liquification means for converted gaseous CO₂ taken from said separator means to liquid form to enable storage thereof.

16. The facility of claim 11 further including means for the reduction of undesirable substances from said hot exhaust gases, said substances including certain oxides of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur.

17. The facility of claim 11 further including switch gear and transformer means associated with said generator means for selectively connecting the electrical output of said generator means with the transmission lines of a public utility.

18. A portable trigeneration plant comprising:

a prime mover that burns a mixture of hydrocarbon fuel and oxygen-containing gas and produces an exhaust;

an electric generator driven by said prime mover for producing electric power;

means for recovering waste heat from said prime mover exhaust;

means for providing a supplemental firing of said exhaust to reduce its oxygen content, produce more thermal energy and increase the concentration of carbon dioxide therein;

means associated with said waste heat recovering means for producing steam for driving a steam turbine which drives an electric generator to produce additional electric power;

means for routing said exhaust to a carbon dioxide stripper;

absorber means for contacting said exhaust with a solvent that removes carbon dioxide from solution;

means for processing said carbon dioxide to a usable state; and

means for using said recovered waste heat in the recovery of the carbon dioxide.

19. The plant of claim 18 wherein said processing means includes scrubbing means to remove impurities, drying means, and cooling means to convert said carbon dioxide to a liquid phase.

20. The plant of claim 18 wherein said processing means includes compressor means and cooling means to condition said carbon dioxide for injection into a pipeline.

21. The plant of claim 18 wherein plant is mounted on skids so as to be easily located and moved.

22. The plant of claim 18 further including incinerator means for disposing of waste solvent products by periodically burning the same.

23. A carbon dioxide production and cogeneration facility comprising:

a prime mover of the type requiring a mixture of fossil fuel and an oxygen-containing gas to produce internal combustion, said prime mover having lubricating oil, a cooling jacket containing a cooling liquid, and an exhaust gas manifold that receives hot exhaust gases formed by said combustion;

an electric generator driven by said prime mover for producing electric power;

a heat recovery unit adapted to recover rejected heat from said hot exhaust gases to produce a cooled exhaust gas stream;

a carbon dioxide recovery unit including an absorber that utilizes a solvent solution to absorb carbon dioxide contained in said cooled exhaust gas stream, a carbon dioxide stripper for removing the carbon dioxide from said solvent solution, and a reboiler for heating said solvent solution to enrich the carbon dioxide content thereof;

first routing means for directing said cooled exhaust gas stream to said carbon dioxide recovery unit; and

second routing means for directing heat recovered by said heat recovery unit to said reboiler.

24. The facility of claim 23 wherein said prime mover comprises a gas turbine, and further including means for producing steam at said waste recovery unit for supply to said reboiler.

25. A facility of claim 23 wherein said waste heat recovery unit and said carbon dioxide recovery unit are portable so as to be readily transported from one power generation site to another power generation site.

26. A method of generating electric power in a manner that qualifies as a cogeneration facility and of producing carbon dioxide from exhaust gases, comprising the steps of:

driving an electric generator with a prime mover that burns a mixture of fossile fuel and oxygen-containing gas and produces hot exhaust gases;

passing said hot exhaust gases through a waste heat recovery unit to recover thermal energy;

directing cooled exhaust gases coming out of said waste heat recovery unit to a carbon dioxide recovery unit including a first absorber, a carbon dioxide stripper, and a reboiler for said stripper;

providing a solvent solution to absorb carbon dioxide from said cooled exhaust gases passing through said first absorber;

routing the solvent solution to said stripper for removal of the carbon dioxide component from the solvent solution;

transferring the heat recovered at said recovery unit to a transfer fluid, and

separately routing the heat transfer fluid to said reboiler to cause heating of said solvent solution to thereby enrich the carbon dioxide content of said solvent solution.

27. The method of claim 26 including the additional step of:

recovering heat at said heat recovery unit in the form of steam for processing use and utility use.

28. The method of claim 27 including the further steps of:

using said steam to drive a steam turbine which produces additional electric power, and using said steam to operate said reboiler.

29. A method of generating electric power in a manner that qualifies as a cogeneration facility and producing carbon dioxide (CO₂) from exhaust gases, comprising the steps of:

driving an electric generator with a prime mover that burns a mixture of fossil fuel and an oxygen containing gas such as air and produces hot exhaust gases;

passing said hot exhaust gases through a waste heat recovery unit to recover thermal energy;

directing cooled exhaust gases coming out of said waste heat recovery unit to a CO₂ recovery unit;

processing said cooled exhaust gases in said recovery unit to extract CO₂ from said exhaust gases; and

using said recovered thermal energy in said processing step.