Compression and coding device for video signals

• US 4,907,081 A
• Filed: 04/22/1988
• Issued: 03/06/1990
• Est. Priority Date: 09/25/1987
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Hitachi, Ltd.
• Original Assignee: Hitachi, Ltd.
• Inventors: Furuhata, Takashi, Okamura, Fujio, Nishimura, Keizo, Higuchi, Shigemitsu
• Primary Examiner(s): Groody, James J.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Kostak, Victor R.
• Application Number:
  US07/184,776
• Time in Patent Office: 683 Days
• Field of Search: 358/138, 358/133, 358/135, 358/136, 325/122, 325/27
• US Class Current: 375/240.01
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/10 using adaptive coding
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/124 Quantisation
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/50 using predictive coding H04N19/61 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/90 using coding techniques not provided for in groups H04N19/10-H04N19/85, e.g. fractals
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 5/9262 using predictive coding

Abstract

A coding device in which N digital signals (time-sequential sampled data), obtained by sampling and quantizing analog video signals, are brought together in one group (N being an integer greater than two) and coded. Among these N sampled data, at least one of them serving as a reference is coded with a number of quantization bits n, which is so great that errors due to the quantization can be neglected, and for the other sampled data the difference between the reference sampled data and each of the others is compressed and coded with a number of bits, which is smaller than n. In this way, even if a coding error is produced; effects thereof are restricted within the gorup where it is produced they are not exerted on the other groups, and thus error propagation does not occur.

Claims

1. A coding device, which transmits digital signals consisting of sampled data obtained by sampling and quantizing an analogue video signal with a number of quantization bits n after having compressed and coded the digital signals, comprising:

group finishing means for forming one group for every N sampled data, N being an integer greater than two;

reference sampled data setting means for setting one of the N sampled data as a reference sampled data for each of the groups formed by said group forming means;

difference calculating means for calculating the difference between at least one of the remaining sampled data in each of said groups and the reference sampled data;

compressing and coding means for coding the difference obtained by said difference calculating means with a number of bits smaller in number than the number of quantization bits n; and

a data selector for outputting at least the reference sampled data from said reference sampled data setting means and coded differential data from said compressing and coding means as time sequential digital data.

2. A coding device according to claim 1, wherein said difference calculating means calculates the differences between all of the remaining sampled data and the reference sampled data.

3. A coding device according to claim 1, wherein said compressing and coding means codes all the differences coming from said difference calculating means.

4. A coding device according to claim 1, further comprising:

predicted value generating means for generating at least two predicted values on the basis of the reference sampled data for at least one among the remaining sampled data;

means for selecting one of the generated predicted values for which the difference between each of them and the sampled data corresponding to it is smaller; and

coding means for representing the sampled data corresponding to the selected predicted value by a constituted by a number of bits smaller in number than the number of bits constituting the reference sampled data, on the basis of the differential data between the selected predicted value and the corresponding sampled data.

17. A coding device according to claim 1, further comprising:

means for preventing the supplying of at least one of the sampled data to said data selector as that it is not coded when N is an integer greater than three.

21. A coding device according to claim 6 or 17, further comprising:

means for locating the sampled data among the N sampled data so as to be adjacent to the reference sampled data.

22. A coding device according to claim 6 or 17, further comprising:

means for setting the N sampled data so that the sampled data adjacent to the sampled data, which are not coded, on both sides are either the reference sampled data or compressed and coded data in a series of data, in which sets of the N sampled data are arranged successively.

23. A coding device according to claim 6 or 17, further comprising:

means for setting the N sampled data so that at least one of the sampled data adjacent to the sampled data, which are compressed and coded, on both sides is either the reference sampled data or compressed and coded data in a series of data, in which sets of the N sampled data are arranged successively.

5. A coding device, which transmits digital signals consisting of sampled data obtained by sampling and quantizing an analogue video signal with a number of quantization bits n after having compressed and coded the digital signals, comprising:

group forming means for forming one group for every N sampled data, N being an integer greater than two;

reference sampled data setting means for setting one of the N sampled data as a reference sampled data for each of the groups formed by said group forming means;

predicted value forming means for forming a predicted value for at least one of the remaining sampled data in each of said groups;

difference calculating means for calculating the difference between the predicted data coming from said predicted value forming means and the at least one of the remaining sampled data;

compressing and coding means for coding the difference obtained by said difference calculating means with a number of bits smaller in number than the number of quantization bits n; and

a data selector for outputting at least the reference sampled data from said reference sampled data setting means and coded differential data from said compressing and coding means as time sequential digital data.

6. A coding device according to claim 5, further comprising:

means for preventing the supplying of at least one of the sampled data to said data selector so that it is not coded when N is an integer greater than three.

7. A coding device according to claim 5, further comprising:

predicted value generating means for generating at least two predicted values on the basis of the reference sampled data for at least one among the remaining sampled data;

means for selecting one of the generated predicted values, for which the difference between each of them and the sampled data corresponding to it is smaller; and

coding means for representing the sampled data corresponding to the selected predicted value by a code constituted by a number of bits smaller in number than the number of bits constituting the reference sampled data, on the basis of the differential data between the selected predicted value and the corresponding sampled data.

8. A coding device according to claim 7, wherein said predicted value generating means is so constructed that the generated predicted values are the value of the reference sampled data closest in time or in distance to the sampled data to be compressed and coded within the same line and the value of the reference sampled data having the same phase of the color subcarrier as that of the sampled data to be compressed and coded and which are the closest in time or in distance to the sampled data.

9. A coding device according to claim 7, wherein the frequency of sampling and quantizing the video signal is four times as great as the frequency of the color subcarrier in the video signal, said coding device further comprising:

means for selecting the reference sampled data for every N=3 samples; and

means for setting the value of the reference sampled data adjacent to the remaining sampled data within the same line and the value of the reference sampled data having the same phase of the color subcarrier as that of the remaining sampled data and which are distant by four samples from the remaining sampled data, as two predicted values corresponding to each of the remaining sampled data other than the reference sampled data.

10. A coding device according to claim 7, further comprising:

means for generating a flag indicating the result of the selection of the generated predicted values and supplying the flag to said data selector.

11. A coding device according to claim 7, wherein said predicted value selecting means comprises:

means for transforming data obtained by compressing and coding each of the at least two generated predicted values into data having the same number of bits as that of the differential data on the basis of the transformed data;

means for adding the generated predicted value to the transformed data; and

means for comparing the level of the result obtained by said adding means with the level of the original sampled data which are to be compressed and coded.

12. A coding device according to claim 7, wherein said predicted value selecting means is composed of:

means for comparing the levels of predicted errors between each of the at least two generated predicted values and the original sampled data which are to be compressed and coded.

13. A coding device according to claim 7, wherein said predicted value generating means comprises:

means for generating predicted values based on more than one of the reference sampled data, which are close to the sampled data to be compressed and coded, within the horizontal scanning line including the sampled data to be compressed and coded, and M lines before and behind the horizontal scanning line, M being an integer greater than two; and

means for generating a predicted value on the basis of more than one of the reference sampled data having the same phase of the subcarrier as that of the sampled data to be compressed and coded, within the horizontal scanning line including the sampled data to be compressed and coded, and M lines before and behind the horizontal scanning line.

14. A coding device according to claim 7, wherein said predicted value generating means comprises:

means for generating predicted values based on more than one of the reference sampled data close to the sampled data to be compressed and coded, within the same field as that including the sampled data to be compressed and coded, and M fields before and behind the field, M being an integer greater than two; and

means for generating a predicted value on the basis of more than one of the reference sampled data having the same phase of the subcarrier as that of the sampled data to be compressed and coded, within the same field as that including the sampled data to be compressed and coded, and M fields before and behind the field.

15. A coding device according to claim 7, wherein said predicted value generating means is composed of:

means for transforming compressed and coded data into data having a number of bits, which is equal to that of the differential data, on the basis of the compressed and coded data as the at least two generated predicted values;

means for adding the generated predicted values to the transformed differential data having the number of bits n;

means for calculating an interpolated value corresponding to the non-coded sampled data;

means for calculating the difference between the result of said adding means and the original sampled data to be compressed and coded; and

means for calculating the difference between the original sampled data of the non-coded sampled data and the interpolated value obtained by each of the generated predicted values.

16. A coding device according to claim 7, wherein the frequency for sampling and quantizing the video signal is four times as great as the frequency of the color subcarrier in the video signal;

said device further comprising;

means for coding one of N=3 sampled with a number of bits n as the reference sampled data, one of the sampled data adjacent to the reference sampled data on one side being not coded, and the other sampled data adjacent to the reference sampled data being compressed and coded on the basis of the difference between the generated predicted value and the original sampled data; and

said predicted value generating means includes;

means for adopting the value of the reference sampled data adjacent to the sampled data to be compressed and coded and within the same line, and the value of the reference sampled data distant by four samples from the sampled data to be compressed and coded within the same line, and has the same phase of color subcarrier as that of the sampled data to be compressed and coded.

18. A coding device according to claim 6 to 17, wherein the analogue video signal is a composite video signal and the N sampled are pixels brought together in a group for every color subcarrier period among the pixels successively coded.

19. A coding device according to claim 6 to 17, further comprising:

calculating means for obtaining an average value of the coded sampled data, which are adjacent or adjacent but one to the non-coded sampled data on both the sides, the non-coded sampled data being obtained by interpolation based on the average value.

20. A coding device according to claim 6 to 17, further comprising:

calculating means for obtaining a plurality of interpolated values based on two coded sampled data, which are adjacent and adjacent but one, respectively, to the non-coded sampled data on both the sides as an optimum interpolation method, the optimum interpolation method being an interpolation method for obtaining an interpolation value at which an error between an original sampled value, which is not coded, and the interpolation value is a minimum; and

means for selecting the optimum value between the two interpolated values obtained when said calculating means generates a flag indicating the selected interpolated value.

24. A coding device according to claim 6, further comprising:

means for outputting the sampled data after thinning out thereof so that coded sampled data to be transmitted or recorded in different image signal lines for every M image signal lines combined according to a predetermined rule have numbers from 1 to N, which are different for different lines, where M is an integer greater than one.

25. A coding device according to claim 6, further comprising:

means for assigning an increasing number of coding bits for compressing and coding the difference between different sampled data among N sampled data combined according to a predetermined rule and the predicted value obtained on the basis of the reference sampled data with increasing distance from the reference sampled data.

26. A coding device according to claim 6, further comprising:

means for generating a flag indicating an optimum interpolation method for the sampled data which are not coded, and supplying it to said data selector, the optimum interpolation method being an interpolation method for obtaining an interpolation value at which an error between an original sampled value, which is not coded, and the interpolation value is a minimum.

27. A coding device according to claim 6, further comprising:

calculating means for assigning an increasing number of coding bit for compressing and coding the difference between different sampled data among N sampled data and the predicted value obtained on the basis of the reference sampled data with decreasing distance from the non-coded sample data.

28. A coding device according to claim 24, wherein the predetermined M image signal lines are image signal which are adjacent to each other in the same image field.

29. A coding device according to claim 24, wherein the predetermined M image signal lines are image lines which are adjacent but one in same image field.

30. A coding device according to claim 24, wherein the predetermined M image signal lines are image signal lines which are adjacent to each other in two image fields which are adjacent to each other.

31. A coding device according to claim 24, wherein the predetermined M image signal lines are image signal lines which are the same lines in two image fields which are adjacent but one.

32. A coding device according to claim 24 wherein the predetermined M image signal lines are image signal lines which are the same lines in two image fields which are adjacent to each other.

33. A coding device according to claim 32, wherein the position of the pixel, where successive sampling for every image signal line is started, is different for two fields which are adjacent to each other.

34. A coding device according to claim 29, wherein the position of the pixel, where successive sampling for every image signal line is started, is different for two lines which are adjacent to each other in a same field.

35. A coding device according to claim 29, wherein the position of the pixel, where successive sampling for every image signal line is started, is different for two fields which are adjacent to each other and for two lines which are adjacent to each other in the same field.

36. A coding device according to claim 24, wherein the number of image signal lines M is 2.