Mobile atom insertion reaction, mobile atom transmissive membrane for carrying out the reaction, and reactor incorporating the mobile atom transmissive membrane
First Claim
1. A bipolar atom transmissive membrane for hydrogen insertion reactions comprising:
- (a) a membrane comprising atom permeable, molecular impermeable, atom pump material, said membrane having a hydrogen insertion reaction side and a hydrogen receiving side;
(b) electrically conductive, atom permeable, biasing means on the hydrogen insertion reaction side of said membrane to control the surface potential thereof;
(c) electrically conductive, atom permeable biasing means on the opposite, hydrogen receiving side of said membrane;
(d) a first power source connected to said biasing means on said hydrogen insertion reaction side; and
,(e) a second power source connected to said biasing means on said hydrogen receiving side.
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Abstract
Disclosed is a method of carrying out a mobile atom insertion reaction, such as a hydrogen insertion reaction, for the synthesis of reduced, hydrogenated compounds. Such reactions include the production of ammonia and hydrazine from nitrogen, formic acid and methanol from carbon dioxide, and hydrogen peroxide from oxygen. The insertion reactions are carried out at a bipolar mobile atom transmissive membrane comprising a membrane formed of a mobile atom pump material, as a hydrogen pump material, conductive atom transmissive means on one surface of the membrane and conductive atom transmissive means on the opposite surface of the membrane. The mobile atom, such as hydrogen, diffuses across the membrane, to provide a source of hydrogen on the insertion reaction side of the membrane. The insertion reaction side of the membrane is positively biased with respect to a counterelectrode so that a reactant molecule, such as carbon dioxide, is electrosorbed on that surface of the membrane. The electrosorbed reactant molecular chemically reacts with the surface hydrogen by the insertion reaction to form a reduced, hydrogenated product such as formic acid. Also disclosed is a chemical reactor, containing the membrane, and several electrical field assisted chemical reactions utilizing the membrane and reactor.
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Citations
49 Claims
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1. A bipolar atom transmissive membrane for hydrogen insertion reactions comprising:
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(a) a membrane comprising atom permeable, molecular impermeable, atom pump material, said membrane having a hydrogen insertion reaction side and a hydrogen receiving side; (b) electrically conductive, atom permeable, biasing means on the hydrogen insertion reaction side of said membrane to control the surface potential thereof; (c) electrically conductive, atom permeable biasing means on the opposite, hydrogen receiving side of said membrane; (d) a first power source connected to said biasing means on said hydrogen insertion reaction side; and
,(e) a second power source connected to said biasing means on said hydrogen receiving side. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18)
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19. A chemical reactor comprising:
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(a) an insertion reaction compartment; (b) a mobile atom generation compartment; and
,(c) a bipolar membrane therebetween having; (i) a membrane formed of a mobile atom permeable, molecule impermeable atom pump material; (ii) conductive, a first mobile atom transmissive biasing means on one side of said membrane, facing the insertion reaction compartment so as to affect the potential on said surface and thereby affect the formation of a mobile atom insertion reaction product; and
,(iii) a second and separate conductive mobile atom transmissive biasing means on the opposite side of the membrane, facing the mobile atom generation compartment. - View Dependent Claims (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49)
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Specification