Apparatus for simultaneous detection of target gases

• US 4,911,892 A
• Filed: 02/24/1987
• Issued: 03/27/1990
• Est. Priority Date: 02/24/1987
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: American Intell-Sensors Corporation Pittsburgh PA A Corporation of
• Original Assignee: American Intell-Sensors Corporation
• Inventors: Portnoff, Marc A., Runco, Paul D., Grace, Richard, Guzman, Alberto M., Yannopoulos, Lymperios N.
• Primary Examiner(s): Richman, Barry S.
• Assistant Examiner(s): McMahon, Timothy M.
• Application Number:
  US07/017,838
• Time in Patent Office: 1,127 Days
• Field of Search: 422/90, 422/94, 422/95, 422/98, 73/23, 338/34, 340/634
• US Class Current: 422/94
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 27/12 of a solid body in dependence upon absorption of a fluid; of a solid body in dependence upon reaction with a fluid , for detecting components in the fluid
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/0014 by eliminating a gas G01N33/0013 and G01N33/0024 take precedence

Abstract

A gas sensing thick film is positioned on an insulating substrate in contact with a pair of electrodes. A non-porous glass layer surrounds the film to stabilize it on the substrate. A heating element maintains the film at a preselected elevated temperature. The gas sensing thick film has a response characteristic for a preselected target gas to be detected which is enhanced by impregnating the film with platinum or palladium chlorine free compounds. The response characteristic of the gas sensing film is further increased by promoting combustion of interference gases on an outer filter layer fabricated of either conductive or nonconductive material. The incorporation of an insulating material between the gas sensing film and the outer filter layer also serves to increase the relative response of the gas sensing film to a preselected target gas.

Claims

1. Apparatus for the selective detection of a target gas in ambient air comprising,

an electrically insulating substrate,

a pair of electrodes positioned on said substrate,

a gas sensor film positioned on said substrate in contact with said pair of electrodes,

said film having a preselected response characteristic for a selected gas to be detected,

catalytic combustion filter means integral with said gas sensor film for minimizing the effect of interference gases that are less thermochemically stable than the target gases on the response of said film for the gas to be detected by promoting combustion of interference gases on the outer layer of said film away from said electrodes, and

means for heating said gas sensor film to a preselected elevated temperature on said substrate.

2. Apparatus as set forth in claim 1 which includes,

a porous electrically insulating layer positioned between said gas sensor film and said filter means for preventing detection of a change in resistance due to combustion of the interference gases.

3. Apparatus as set forth in claim 1 which,

said gas sensor film includes tin oxide with a preselected amount of antimony as an internal dopant, and

said antimony being added to said tin oxide material in a preselected amount to adjust the resistance of said film within a preselected resistance range and operation of said gas film sensor at a preselected temperature.

4. Apparatus as set forth in claim 1 in which,

said means for maintaining said gas sensor film at a fixed temperature in the range between about 350°

C. to 600°

C.

5. Apparatus as set forth in claim 1 which includes,

an array of said gas sensor films each positioned on an individual one of said substrates, and

means for heating each gas sensor film to a different temperature for selectively detecting desired target gases by said array.

6. Apparatus as set forth in claim 1 which includes,

a low temperature selective solvent vapor filter material positioned adjacent said gas sensor film for limiting access of said gas to be detected by said gas sensor film only through said solvent vapor filter material.

7. Apparatus as set forth in claim 1 in which,

said means for securing said film to said substrate includes a non-porous glass layer surrounding said film and defining a diffusion path for the flow of the gas to be detected to said gas sensor film.

8. Apparatus as set forth in claim 1 in which,

said gas film sensor includes tin oxide doped with a catalyst selected from the group consisting of platinum and palladium in the range between about 0.5 wt %-5 wt %.

9. Apparatus as set forth in claim 1 in which,

said gas film sensor includes tin oxide doped with gold in the amount of 0.1 wt %-0.3 wt %.

10. Apparatus as set forth in claim 1 in which,

said gas sensor film has the formulation Sn_1-x Sb_x O₂ doped with gold in the amount 0.1 wt %-0.3 wt % where x has a value between 0.005 and 0.03.

11. Apparatus as set forth in claim 1 in which said gas sensor film includes,

means external to said gas sensor film for securing said film to said substrate in contact with said pair of electrodes.

12. Apparatus as set forth in claim 11 in which,

said means for securing said film to said substrate includes a non-porous glass layer surrounding said film and defining a diffusion path for the flow of the gas to be detected to said gas sensor film.

13. Apparatus as set forth in claim 1 in which said gas sensor film includes,

a first layer fabricated of a gas sensing metal oxide and a second layer fabricated of a conductive catalyst layer, said first layer being in contact with said electrode,

said first layer having a resistance determined by the composition thereof, and

said second layer serving as a composition filter layer for inducing combustion on said outer layer of said respective film of the interference gases away from said first layer.

14. Apparatus as set forth in claim 13 in which,

said second layer of said gas sensor film includes a catalyst for increasing the rate of combustion of the interference gas on the outer layer and thereby enhance the relative sensitivity of the first layer to a preselected target gas.

15. Apparatus as set forth in claim 14 in which,

said catalyst is selected from the group consisting of platinum, palladium, and gold.

16. A selective gas sensing film comprising,

a heating element,

a substrate positioned on said heating element,

a pair of electrodes positioned in spaced relation on said substrate,

a metal oxide film positioned on said substrate in contact with said pair of electrodes, and

a non-porous glass layer surrounding said metal oxide film to anchor said metal oxide film to said substrate and to said pair of electrodes.

17. A selective gas sensing film as set forth in claim 16 in which,

said non-porous layer is a gas blocking ring electrically insulated from said metal oxide film, and

said ring including an opening for restricting ambient gas diffusion to said metal oxide film.

18. A selective gas sensing film as set forth in claim 16 which includes,

a catalytic filter layer positioned above said metal oxide film for combusting interference gases to prevent diffusion thereof into contact with said metal oxide film for enhancing the selectivity of said metal oxide film to a specific target gas.

19. A selective gas sensing film as set forth in claim 16 which includes,

a tin oxide based conductive film positioned in surrounding relation with said metal oxide film between said glass layer and said metal oxide film, and

said tin oxide based conductive film having a preselected composition for enhancing the combustion of interference gases substantially removed from said metal oxide film to filter out the interference gases and increase the relative sensitivity of said metal oxide film of one preselected gas to be detected in relation to other gases to which said metal oxide film is exposed.

20. A selective gas sensing film as set forth in claim 16 which includes,

a gas filtering film separating said glass layer from said metal oxide film, and

said gas filtering film having a preselected composition for enhancing the combustion of interference gases substantially removed from said metal oxide film and thereby filter out the interference gases and increase the sensitivity of said metal oxide film to a preselected target gas to be detected in relation to other gases.

21. A selective gas sensing film as set forth in claim 20 which includes,

a porous sintered layer positioned within said nonporous layer above said gas filtering film for enhancing the mechanical stability of said metal oxide film.

22. A selective gas sensing film as set forth in claim 20 in which,

said gas filtering film includes a non-conductive catalyst.

23. A selective gas sensing film as set forth in claim 20 in which said gas filtering film includes,

a ceramic material doped with a preselected material selected from the group consisting essentially of platinum and palladium.