Bipolar, filter-press, consumable metal anode battery

• US 4,911,993 A
• Filed: 02/01/1988
• Issued: 03/27/1990
• Est. Priority Date: 02/01/1988
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Eltech Systems Corporation (Industrie De Nora S.p.A)
• Original Assignee: Eltech Systems Corporation (Industrie De Nora S.p.A)
• Inventors: Turley, Homer L., Niksa, Marilyn J., Schue, Thomas J., Coin, Richard J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Kalafut, Stephen J.
• Application Number:
  US07/150,797
• Time in Patent Office: 785 Days
• Field of Search: 429/27, 429/35, 429/36
• US Class Current: 429/406
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0418 with bipolar electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 12/065 with plate-like electrodes or stacks of plate-like electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/00 Electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/8631 Bipolar electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 6/48 with bipolar electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 70/50 Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Abstract

A bipolar battery having a consumable metal anode and being of the filter-press type is described. Internal battery contact is obtained by pressure connection transmitted virtually all, to completely, by end bulkheads. A multitude of adjoning cells can be placed together in a bipolar assembly cell stack. Yet the battery is compact and lightweight.

Claims

1. A bipolar, filter-press consumable metal anode battery comprising:

a gas diffusion cathode assembly embodying an electrically conductive metal element, said cathode assembly including a rigid frame member framing a gas diffusion cathode in sheet form, said electrically conductive metal element being firmly held by said frame and extending from said cathode assembly into pressed, electrically conducting contact with

an electrically conductive, plate-like metal member inert to the environment of said battery and spaced apart from a broad face of said air cathode, with there being adjacent said plate-like metal member

a consumable metal anode having a broad face in interfacial contact with a broad face of said plate-like metal member.

2. The battery of claim 1, wherein said conductive metal element includes one or more elements in sheet or strip form.

3. The battery of claim 1, wherein said plate-like metal member and metal anode each have facial area larger than the face area of said cathode exposed by said frame.

4. The battery of claim 1, wherein said plate-like metal member is a nickel plate and said consumable metal anode contains one or more of aluminum, zinc, lead, calcium, beryllium, lithium, magnesium, their alloys or intermetallic mixtures.

5. The battery of claim 1, wherein a broad face of said anode not in contact with said plate-like metal member faces a chamber situated between said anode and said cathode, said chamber serving to permit the passage of battery electrolyte between anode and cathode.

6. The battery of claim 5, further characterized by containing electrolyte supply means providing electrolyte to said chamber situated between anode and cathode.

7. The battery of claim 1, wherein a chamber between said plate-like metal member and said cathode contains cathode support means.

8. The battery of claim 1, further characterized by containing gas supply means supplying gas to said battery.

9. The battery of claim 1, wherein said cathode assembly contains a foraminous metal conductor member of planar shape pressed in electrically conductive contact against a planar face of said cathode.

10. The battery of claim 1, wherein said battery comprises a cell stack of like cells.

11. In the method of operating a battery, which battery includes a consumable metal anode, said battery being adapted for use as a bipolar battery, the improvement comprising establishing a compressive force on end members of said battery with there being at least one metal anode therebetween, providing elements within said battery which do not supply compressive force on said anode, transmitting said force from said end members through the elements of said battery including the metal anode and thereby clamping the metal anode of said battery in fixed position while clamping outer peripheral surfaces of said metal anode in a fluid tight seal and maintaining said compressive force through the elements of said battery while introducing electrolyte to said battery and into contact with said consumable metal anode, and withdrawing electrolyte from said battery.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein said force transmitted through said battery clamps a metal anode containing one or more of aluminum, zinc, lead, calcium, beryllium, lithium, magnesium their alloys or intermetallic mixtures.

13. The method of claim 11, wherein said force transmitted through said battery clamps said metal anode at its outer peripheral surfaces in snug, position-stable contact with a gasket element.

14. In a bipolar battery having a consumable metal anode and at least one cell located between a pair of bulkheads, the improvement in said battery for a single bulkhead, of said pair of bulkheads, comprising:

a bulkhead of dielectric material, said bulkhead containing;

gas inlet means permitting entry of gas from outside to within said battery, said gas inlet means connecting to a gas manifold contained within said bulkhead;

spent gas exit means through which spent gas exits said battery;

electrolyte inlet means for feeding electrolyte into said battery, said electrolyte inlet means connecting to an electrolyte manifold contained within said bulkhead; and

electrolyte exit means through which spent electrolyte is withdrawn from said battery.

15. The battery of claim 14, wherein said bulkhead further comprises means for passing electric current through said bulkhead.

16. The battery of claim 14, further characterized by having a planar surface in contact with a plate-like metal anode for said battery.

17. The battery of claim 14, further characterized by being a dielectric, plastic bulkhead.

18. In a unitized electrode module having a sheet electrode assembly in a frame, wherein a sheet electrode member of substantially planar shape is held in tight contact with a frame member having frame edges crimped over said sheet electrode member around the periphery of said member, the improvement in said module comprising flexible, conductive metal elements having end portions compressed within said crimped frame edges in firm, electrically-conductive contact with said sheet electrode member, with the balance of flexible, conductive metal elements projecting forwardly away from said electrode module.

19. The module of claim 18, wherein said conductive elements are thin metal elements.

20. The module of claim 18, wherein said frame is a dielectric frame an said sheet electrode member is a gas diffusion electrode.

21. The module of claim 18, wherein said frame is U-shaped in cross-section with frame edges crimped around the peripheral edges of said sheet electrode member as well as around a portion only of said conductive elements.

22. A bipolar, filter-press consumable metal anode battery assembly comprising:

a housing for a cell of said battery, said housing having passages for gas to and from a gas diffusion cathode, said gas passages being channels cut within said cell housing;

a gas diffusion cathode frame housed within said cell housing and having electrically conductive metal members extending from said cathode frame, with said conductive metal members including tab elements spaced apart one from the other; and

a metal anode assembly to which said conductive metal members extend; and

wherein

said passages for gas to and from said cathode are positioned within the spaces interposed between adjacent conductive metal member tab elements extending from said cathode frame, whereby said channels supply gas between said tab elements to said gas diffusion electrode.