Induction-type metal detector with increased scanning area capability

• US 4,912,414 A
• Filed: 10/28/1988
• Issued: 03/27/1990
• Est. Priority Date: 10/28/1988
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: The United States of America As Represented By The Secretary of Agriculture
• Original Assignee: The United States of America As Represented By The Secretary of Agriculture
• Inventors: Reid, Alan J., Bushong, Wilton E., Dickey, Duane P., Lesky, Edward S.
• Primary Examiner(s): Eisenzopf, Reinhard J.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Edmonds, Warren S.
• Application Number:
  US07/264,107
• Time in Patent Office: 515 Days
• Field of Search: 324/326-329, 324/330, 324/332, 324/334, 324/344, 324/207, 324/208, 324/226, 324/227, 324/234, 324/236, 324/239, 324/244, 324/253-260
• US Class Current: 324/329
• CPC Class Codes: G01V 3/105 forming directly coupled primary and secondary coils or loops

Abstract

A metal detector includes a detector head having a primary or transmit coil for the transmission of electromagnetic radiation therefrom, and having a plurality of secondary or receiving coils associated therewith for having voltages induced therein by transmissions from said primary coil. The presence of metallic objects within the detector head affects the voltage level induced in the secondary coils, a condition which may be detected as indicative of such presence of metallic objects. Each detector head preferably includes a primary coil about the periphery thereof, with a plurality of secondary coils, all in the same plane with the primary coil, situated axially in from the periphery of the detector head in a mutually non-overlapping configuration, preferably about the center of such detector head. A plurality of such detector heads may be supported in co-planar alignment by a common non-metallic support structure for scanning relatively larger areas at a time. The primary coil of each respective detector head may be sequentially pulsed and selectively spaced to avoid interference with adjacent detector heads, thereby avoiding certain inherent disadvantages in applying conventional single detector head frequency-dependent tuned coil technology to multiple head use in an integral metal detector system.

Claims

1. An induction-type metal detector apparatus, comprising:

a primary coil;

transmit circuit means connected to said primary coil for controllably outputting electromagnetic radiation therethrough;

a plurality of secondary coils, disposed within the vicinity of said primary coil, and having voltages induced therein by electromagnetic radiation from said primary coil;

means for establishing a predetermined reference voltage level;

receive circuit means, connected to said secondary coils, for detecting differences between voltage levels induced in said secondary coils and said predetermined reference voltage level, which difference is due to and indicative of the presence of metallic objects in the vicinity of said apparatus because such presence affects said electromagnetic radiation; and

support means for supporting said primary coil and said secondary coils substantially in a common plane with all secondary coils being disposed within the periphery of said primary coil, and in a mutually non-overlapping configuration.

2. An apparatus as in claim 1, wherein said transmit circuit means includes:

an excitation voltage source providing an excitation voltage;

an oscillator signal source providing an oscillator signal; and

modulation means for modulating said excitation voltage with the oscillation rate from said oscillator signal to provide a modulated drive signal for driving said primary coil.

3. An apparatus as in claim 2, wherein:

said modulation means comprises a solid state relay device which switches on and off at said oscillation rate of said oscillator signal; and

said oscillator signal has an oscillation rate of about 250 Hertz;

whereby said modulation means pulses said primary coil with a positive voltage about every two milliseconds.

4. An apparatus as in claim 1, wherein said receive circuit means includes:

amplifier means for amplifying voltages induced in said secondary coils;

rectifier means for rectifying such amplified voltages from said amplifier means;

comparator means, associated with said means for establishing a predetermined reference voltage level, for comparing such reference voltage level with such amplified, rectified voltage levels from said rectifier means based on voltage levels induced in said secondary coils; and

driver means, operatively associated with said comparator means, for outputting at least one sensing signal indicative of voltage level differences detected by said comparator means exceeding a predetermined amount, said sensing signal further being indicative of variations in the voltage level induced in said secondary coils relative a constant output level of said primary coil due to the interfering presence of metallic objects around the fields between said primary coil and said secondary coils.

5. An apparatus as in claim 4, wherein:

said amplifier means includes operational amplifiers for amplifying induced voltage levels up to at least several volts; and

said predetermined amount of voltage level differences is at least in a range of from about 2 millivolts to about 5 millivolts.

6. An apparatus as in claim 5, further comprising differential amplifier means, responsive to said amplified, rectified voltage levels from said rectifier means based on voltage levels induced in said secondary coils and to said predetermine reference voltage level, for driving a strip chart recorder to provide a hard copy output of metallic object sensing indications.

7. An apparatus as in claim 1, wherein:

said coil comprises a planar loop about the periphery of said apparatus and symmetrical to the center thereof; and

said plurality of secondary coils comprise substantially equi-sized planar coils disposed within the periphery of said apparatus and symmetrical about the center thereof.

8. An apparatus as in claim 1, wherein said support means comprises an elongated, non-metallic structure for co-planar support of a plurality of primary/secondary coil combinations, whereby metal detector operations are achieved over a relatively enlarged area.

9. An apparatus as in claim 8, further including synchronizing means for causing sequential operation of modulation means for respective primary/secondary coil combinations to prevent interference therebetween, such combinations also being at least slightly separated from one another edge-to-edge to further prevent interference.

10. A multi-head metal detector device, comprising:

an array of plural transmit-sense heads, each head having respective transmit and sense winding portions;

transmit circuit means for controllably pulsing at different times respective transmit winding portions for each of said heads;

sensing circuit means for obtaining, processing, and outputting signals from the sense winding portions of each respective head induced therein by their respective transmit winding portions; and

comparator circuit means for comparing said signals output from said sensing circuit means for each of said respective heads with a predetermined reference signal, and for indicating differences of a predetermined amount therebetween, which differences are caused by the presence of metal objects within the vicinity of each respective head resulting in partial disruption of transmissions between a given transmit winding portion and its respective head sense winding portion;

wherein each of said heads is substantially planar, and has said transmit winding portion thereof generally about its periphery, with said sense winding portion thereof within said periphery; and

wherein said sense winding portion includes at least four respective sensing windings disposed in a mutually non-overlapping configuration within the plane of their respective head.

11. A metal detector device as in claim 10, wherein:

said transmit winding portions each comprise a square primary coil situated generally about the periphery of its respective head; and

said sense winding portions each comprise four square secondary coils symmetrically disposed about the center of their respective transmit-sense head, with their sides aligned in parallel with adjacent sides of said square primary coil, said four secondary coils being connected in parallel such that three of the coils are aiding said primary coil and the one remaining secondary coil is opposing said primary coil, such wiring pattern establishing an induced signal signature for indicating the presence of metal within the vicinity of said transmit-sense head.

12. A metal detector device as in claim 11, wherein:

said primary coil is approximately 36 inches square and has 25 turns of AWG 18 wire; and

said secondary coils are each approximately 12 inches square and have 50 turns each of AWG 26 wire; and

wherein

said metal detector device includes an array of 8 of said transmit-sense heads.

13. A metal detector device as in claim 10, wherein:

said signals output from said sensing circuit means and said predetermined reference signal are in a range from about 2 volts to about 15 volts;

said predetermined amount of differences indicated by said comparator circuit means is at least about 2 millivolts; and

said transmit-sense heads are approximately 3 feet square, with adjacent transmit-sense heads in said array being separated by a predetermined amount of approximately 6 inches.

14. A multi-coil, multi-head pulse induction metal detection system, comprising:

generally non-metallic support structure for supporting an array of a plurality of substantially planar detector heads in co-planar alignment, each such detector head having a primary coil disposed within its plane and about the periphery thereof for transmitting signals therefrom upon being pulsed, and a plurality of secondary coils also disposed within its plane for receiving signals transmitted from its respective primary coil, said secondary coils being symmetrically supported about the center of their respective detector head axially inward from its periphery and without overlapping one another;

sequential transmit means for sequentially pulsing the primary coil of each respective detector head in discrete pulse time periods so that there is no overlap of pulse time periods for the respective heads; and

secondary coil sensor means, operatively associated with said detector heads, for indicating differences between signals received by secondary coils of each respective detector head and a predetermined reference signal, such differences indicating the presence of metallic objects relatively near such detection head;

wherein said co-planar alignment of said detector heads is generally in a 1×

n array of such heads, with n being the number of such heads, whereby in general a relatively large area may be scanned at a given time across the n width of said array.

15. A metal detection system as in claim 14, wherein said support structure comprises plastic materials, adapted for being supported on a powered vehicle for movement therewith.

16. A metal detection system as in claim 15, wherein said plastic materials comprise a plurality of interconnected PVC pipes with substantially water-tight seals, with said primary coil and secondary coils being disposed within such pipes.

17. A metal detection system as in claim 14, wherein:

said sequential transmit means pulses primary coils with modulated signals of about 250 to 500 Hertz in discrete time periods lasting generally in a range from about 2 to 4 milliseconds; and

said detector heads are spaced in said array with respective lateral separation preferably of at least about 6 inches between adjacent heads;

whereby operation of said sequential transmit means and said lateral separation between said heads contribute to preventing operational interference between adjacent such heads, so that relatively larger scanning areas may be obtained with said multi-head metal detection system.

18. A metal detection system as in claim 14, wherein:

said secondary coil sensor means includes a plurality of sensing circuit means and paired respective comparator circuit means, one respective pair of such circuit means being operatively associated with each respective detector head for separately providing metallic object presence indications for each such head;

said primary coil for each detector head comprises a substantially square configuration; and

said secondary coils for each detector head comprise substantially square configurations of smaller size than said primary coil so as to be received therewithin.

19. A metal detection system as in claim 14, wherein said n number of detector heads equals 8, with each detector head comprising an approximately 3 foot by 3 foot substantially square configuration, for a total of a 72 square foot scanning area for such 8 heads.