Apparatus and network for transferring packets of electronic signals and associated method

• US 4,912,461 A
• Filed: 02/26/1988
• Issued: 03/27/1990
• Est. Priority Date: 11/05/1986
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Security Innovation Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Cellular Control Systems Corporation
• Inventors: Pitt, Garry L., Cenzano, Otto M. Jr.
• Primary Examiner(s): Weldon, Ulysses
• Application Number:
  US07/163,209
• Time in Patent Office: 760 Days
• Field of Search: 340/825.52, 340/825.69, 340/825.49, 340/825.02, 340/310 R, 340/310 A, 340/539, 340/425, 340/531, 379/221, 370/58, 370/26, 455/11, 455/41, 455/55, 455/56, 455/15
• US Class Current: 370/394
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 5/77 for interrogation
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 45/00 Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks routing or path finding in wireless networks H04W40/00
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 4/18 Information format or content conversion, e.g. adaptation by the network of the transmitted or received information for the purpose of wireless delivery to users or terminals
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 40/00 Communication routing or communication path finding

Abstract

An apparatus is provided for receiving at least one respective packet of signals from a node included in a collection of nodes and for providing at least one respective packet of signals to another node included in the collection, wherein the respective received and provided packets of signals include respective routing signals for respectively routing the respective received and provided packets among the nodes in the collection, said apparatus comprising: first means for receiving first signals modulated with respective packets of signals, the respective received packets including respective routing signals; second means for modifying respective routing signals included in at least one of the respective received packets and for providing at least one respective modified packet of signals including the respective modified routing signals; third means for providing second signals modulated with the at least one respective modified packet of signals; and fourth means for capturing the first signals, for providing the first signals to said first means and for propagating the second signals provided by said third means over a relatively short prescribed distance.

Claims

1. An apparatus for receiving at least one respective packet of signals from a node included in a collection of nodes and for providing at least one respective packet of signals to another node included in the collection, wherein the respective received and provided packets of signals include respective routing signals for respectively routing the respective received and provided packets among the nodes in the collection, said apparatus comprising:

first means for receiving first signals modulated with respective packets of signals, the respective received packets including respective routing signals;

second means for modifying respective routing signals included in at least one of the respective received packets and for providing at least one respective modified packet of signals including the respective modified routing signals;

third means for transmitting second signals modulated with the at least one respective modified packet of signals;

fourth means for capturing the first signals, for providing the first signals to said first means and for propagating the second signals provided by said third means over a relatively short prescribed distance;

data signal providing means for receiving data signals and for providing the data signals to said second means; and

control signal providing means for providing control signals, said control signal providing means being responsive to said second means;

wherein said data signal providing means includes a card reader.

2. An apparatus for use with respective cards including electronically readable coding, said apparatus for receiving at least one respective packet of signals from a node included in a collection of nodes and for providing at least one respective packet of signals to another node included in the collection, wherein the respective received and provided packets of signals include respective routing signals for respectively routing the respective received and provided packets among the nodes in the collection, said apparatus comprising:

first means for receiving first signals modulated with respective packets of signals, the respective received packets including respective routing signals;

second means for providing respective mapped signals, the respective mapped signals being respectively mapped to respective alternative routing signals which can be included in the respective received packets;

third processor means for receiving respective routing signals included in at least one of the respective received packets, for receiving from said second means, respective mapped signals respectively mapped to the respective routing signals included in the at least one respective received packet, for modifying the respective routing signals included in the at least one respective received packet to add the respective mapped signals to the respective routing signals, and for providing at least one respective modified packet of signals including the respective mapped signals;

fourth means for transmitting second signals modulated with at least one respective modified packet of signals;

fifth means for capturing the first signals, for providing the first signals to said first means and for propagating second signals provided by said fourth means over a relatively short prescribed distance;

sixth means for storing respective card coding signals included in at least one other respective received packet; and

seventh means for receiving respective cards, for respectively electronically identifying respective coding on the respective received cards and for comparing the identified coding with the coding signals stored by said sixth means.

3. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein said fifth means comprises an antenna including a conductor winding and a ferrite core substantially disposed within said winding.

4. A local area network comprising:

a plurality of respective nodes located in spaced apart relation to each other, each respective node including;

(1) respective first means for receiving respective first signals modulated with respective packets of signals, the respective received packets including respective routing signals for routing the received packets among said plurality of nodes;

(2) respective second means for modifying respective routing signals included in at least one of the respective received packets and for providing at least one respective modified packet including the respective modified routing signals;

(3) respective third means for transmitting respective second signals modulated with the at least one respective modified packet;

(4) respective fourth means for capturing the respective first signals, for providing the respective first signals to said respective first means and for propagating the respective second signals provided by said respective third means over a respective prescribed distance;

(5) data signal providing means for receiving data signals and for providing the data signals to said second means; and

(6) control signal providing means for providing control signals, said control signal providing means being respective to said second means;

wherein, for each respective node of said plurality of nodes, said data signal providing means includes a card reader.

5. A system for selectively controlling entry to a plurality of lockable rooms, each of said rooms having an entrance equipped with electromechanical locking means, said system comprising:

a central processor including means for generating access code information;

a local processor associated with each of said room entrances, said local processor having means for storing said access code information;

card reader means coupled to said local processor for reading a card encoded with data;

first transceiver means coupled to said central processor for transmitting a first signal modulated with packets of information including said access code information;

second transceiver means coupled to said local processor for receiving said first signal and for demodulating said packets of information including said access code information;

said local processor including means for comparing said access code information with said data encoded on said card and for selectively controlling said electromechanical locking means based upon a result of said comparison;

whereby said entrance is unlocked if portions of said data encoded on said card correspond to portions of said access code information.

6. The system of claim 5 wherein said second transceiver transmits a second signal modulated with said packets of information.

7. The system of claim 6 wherein said local processor modifies selected packets of said packets of information prior to modulation of said second signal.

8. The system of claim 7 wherein said selected packets of information comprise routing information.

9. The system of claim 8 wherein said local processor includes means for storing routing directions and said selected packets of information comprising routing information are modified in accordance with said routing directions.

10. The system of claim 5 wherein said local processor generates an acknowledgment packet following receipt of said first signal and said second transceiver transmits a third signal modulated with said acknowledgment packet.

11. The system of claim 5 wherein said electromechanical locking means comprises a dead bolt lock.

12. The system of claim 5 wherein said first signal comprises a magnetic flux field.

13. The system of claim 6 wherein said second signal comprises a magnetic flux field.

14. A method for selectively controlling entry to a plurality of lockable rooms, each of said rooms having an entrance equipped with electromechanical locking means, said method comprising the steps of:

(a) providing each of said room entrances with local processor means;

(b) providing each of said room entrances with card reader means coupled to said local processor means;

(c) providing each of said room entrances with transceiver means coupled to said local processor means;

(d) generating access code information;

(e) sending said access code information to said transceiver means.

(f) storing said access code information to said local processor means;

(g) reading data encoded on a card inserted in said card reader means;

(h) comparing said data encoded on said card with said stored access code information;

(i) actuating said electromechanical locking means if said comparison results in a match, thereby allowing entry, and not actuating said electromechanical locking means if said comparison does not result in a match, thereby denying entry.

15. The method of claim 14 comprising the following steps in place of step (e):

(e1) generating routing information; and

(e2) sending said access code and routing information to said transceiver means.

16. The method of claim 15 comprising the following steps in place of step (f):

(f1) storing said access code information in said local processor means if said routing information designates said local processor as a final destination; and

(f2) modifying said routing information if said routing information does not designate said local processor as a final destination and sending said access code and modified routing information to another of said transceiver means.

17. An apparatus for receiving a first signal packet from a first node included in a collection of nodes and for providing a modified signal packet to another node in said collection of nodes, said first and modified signal packets including respective routing signals, said apparatus comprising:

(a) receiving means for receiving said first signal packet including first routing signals;

(b) processor means for modifying said first routing signals in said first signal packet to designate a second node for receipt of said modified signal packet;

(c) transmitting means for transmitting said modified signal packet;

(d) said receiving means including means for receiving an acknowledgment packet from said second node;

(e) said processor means including means for further modifying said routing signals to designate a third node for receipt of said further modified signal packet if said acknowledgement packet is not received within a predetermined period of time.

18. The apparatus of claim 17 wherein said first signal packet and each of said modified signal packets are modulated on a carrier signal.

19. The apparatus of claim 18 further comprising antenna means coupled to said receiving means and said transmitting means for capturing and propagating said carrier signal.

20. The apparatus of claim 19 wherein said carrier signal comprises a magnetic flux field.

21. The apparatus of claim 20 wherein said antenna means includes:

a conductor winding; and

a core of magnetically permeable material disposed substantially within said winding.

22. The apparatus of claim 21 wherein the magnetically permeable material comprises ferrite.

23. The apparatus of claim 20 wherein said antenna means produces a substantially torodial magnetic flux field.

24. The apparatus of claim 20 wherein said antenna means produces a magnetic flux field which decreases in intensity approximately in proportion to an inverse cube of distance from said antenna means.

25. The apparatus of claim 17 further comprising storage means coupled to said processor means for storage a routing map.

26. The apparatus of claim 25 wherein said routing signals include a final destination node identifier.

27. The apparatus of claim 26 wherein said second and third nodes are selected from said routing map as a function of said final destination node identifier.

28. The apparatus of claim 17 further comprising:

data signal providing means for receiving data signals and for providing the data signals to said processor means; and

control signal providing means for providing control signals, said control signal providing means being responsive to said processor means.

29. The apparatus of claim 28 wherein said data signal providing means includes a card reader.

30. The apparatus of claim 28 wherein the control signals are provided in response to the data signals.

31. A local area network comprising a plurality of communications nodes located in spaced apart relationship to each other, each of said nodes including:

(a) receiving means for receiving a first signal modulated with signal packets, said packets including routing signals for routing said signal packets among said plurality of nodes;

(b) processor means for modifying at least one of said received signal packets by modifying said routing signals to designate a next node for receipt of said modified signal packet;

(c) transmitting means for transmitting a second signal modulated with said modified signal packet;

(d) said receiving means including means for receiving an acknowledgment packet from said next node;

(e) said processor means including means for further modifying said modified signal packet by further modifying said routing signals to designate an alternate node different from said next node for receipt of said further modified signal packet if said acknowledgment packet is not received within a predetermined period of time.

32. The local area network of claim 31 further comprising antenna means coupled to said receiving means and said transmitting means for capturing said first signal and for propagating said second signal.

33. The local area network of claim 32 wherein said first and second signals comprise a magnetic flux field.

34. The local area network of claim 33 wherein said antenna includes:

a conductor winding; and

a core of magnetically permeable material disposed substantially within said winding.

35. The local area network of claim 34 wherein the magnetically permeable material comprises ferrite.

36. The local area network of claim 33 wherein said antenna means produces a substantially torodial magnetic flux field.

37. The local area network of claim 33 wherein said antenna means produces a magnetic flux field which decreases in intensity approximately in proportion to an inverse cube of distance from said antenna means.

38. The local network of claim 31 further comprising storage means coupled to said processor means for storing a routing map.

39. The local area network of claim 38 wherein said routing signals include a final destination node identifier.

40. The area local network of claim 39 wherein said next and alternative nodes are selected from said routing map as a function of said final destination node identifier.

41. The local area network of claim 31 wherein each node of said plurality of nodes further includes:

data signal providing means for receiving data signals and for providing the data signals to said processor means; and

control signal providing means for providing control signals, said control signal providing means being responsive to said processor means.

42. The local area network of claim 41 wherein said data signal providing means includes a card reader.

43. The local area network of claim 41 wherein the control signals are provided in response to the data signals.

44. In a network of communications nodes, a method for communicating between nodes comprising the steps of:

(a) receiving a signal packet at a first node in said network, said signal packet including routing signals;

(b) modifying said routing signals to designate a second node for receipt of said modified signal packet;

(c) transmitting said modified signal packet to said second node;

(d) waiting for an acknowledgment packet from said second node;

(e) generating message completion data if said acknowledgment packet is received within a predetermined time;

(f) further modifying said routing signals to designate a third node for receipt of said further modified signal packet if said acknowledgment packet is not received within said predetermined time.

45. The method of claim 44 wherein said signal packet is modulated on a carrier signal.

46. The method of claim 45 wherein said carrier signal comprises a magnetic flux field.

47. The method of claim 44 further comprising the step of repeating steps (c) and (d) if said acknowledgment packet is not received within said predetermined time.

48. The method of claim 44 wherein said second and third nodes are selected from a routing map stored at said first node.

49. The method of claim 48 wherein said routing signals include a final destination identifier and said second and third nodes are selected as a function of said final destination identifier.