Fluid delivery system with deficit flow compensation

• US 4,919,595 A
• Filed: 03/03/1987
• Issued: 04/24/1990
• Est. Priority Date: 03/03/1987
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Beckman Instruments, Inc. (Danaher Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Beckman Instruments, Inc. (Danaher Corporation)
• Inventors: MacDonald, Scott N., Likuski, Robert K.
• Primary Examiner(s): Smith, Leonard E.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Scheuermann, David W.
• Application Number:
  US07/021,389
• Time in Patent Office: 1,148 Days
• Field of Search: 417/18, 417/22, 417/53, 417/1, 210/101, 210/198.2
• US Class Current: 417/18
• CPC Class Codes: F04B 2201/1208 Angular position of the shaft
• CPC Class Codes: F04B 2205/04 Pressure in the outlet chamber
• CPC Class Codes: F04B 49/225 with throttling valves or valves varying the pump inlet opening or the outlet opening
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2030/326 pumps
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2030/328 valves, e.g. check valves of pumps
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 30/32 of pressure or speed G01N30/36 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 30/36 in high pressure liquid systems

Abstract

Method and apparatus for compensating for the deficiency in fluid flow occurring during the refill and piston chamber pump-up cycle of a single piston fluid pump are disclosed. The period of time during which the outlet valve is closed and no fluid is being delivered to the system is determined and the pump is driven at a speed greater than the normal delivery speed for a period of time such that the quantity of excess fluid delivered approximates the quantity of fluid that would have been delivered during the refill and pump-up period had the pump been delivering fluid at its normal delivery rate.

Claims

1. A fluid delivery apparatus for delivering fluid to a fluid receiving system comprising:

(a) at least one pump having a piston for reciprocation within a pump chamber, said pump having a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet;

(b) isolating means for periodically isolating the outlet of said pump from the remainder of the fluid system for a period of time thereby creating a deficit flow period;

(c) refill means for refilling said pump chamber during said deficit flow period;

(d) variable piston drive means for driving said piston at various velocities;

(e) control means connected to said drive means for controlling the speed of said drive means;

(f) said control means including means for driving said drive means at a first predetermined speed during a normal delivery period to deliver fluid to said system at a normal delivery rate;

(g) deficit flow determining means for determining the quantity of fluid which would have been delivered during said deficit flow period had said pump been delivering fluid to said system at said normal delivery rate;

(h) said control means further including compensation means for driving said drive means at a second predetermined speed during a compensation period for a time sufficient to compensate for the deficiency in flow during said deficit flow period.

2. The fluid delivery apparatus of claim 1 wherein said compensation period occurs immediately after said deficit flow period and before said normal delivery period.

3. The fluid delivery apparatus according to claim 2 wherein said control means further includes means for driving said drive means at a third predetermined speed greater than said first predetermined speed during at least a portion of said deficit flow period.

4. The fluid delivery apparatus according to claim 3 wherein said control means drives said drive means at said third predetermined speed during all of said deficit flow period.

5. The fluid delivery apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said first and second predetermined speeds are constant.

6. The fluid delivery apparatus according to claim 3 wherein said first, second and third predetermined speeds are constant.

7. The fluid delivery apparatus according to claim 6 wherein said second and third predetermined speeds are equal.

8. A fluid delivery apparatus according to claim 1 for delivering at least two fluids at predetermined flow rates to said fluid system comprising:

(a) a plurality of pumps each having its own isolating means, refill means, drive means and deficit flow period;

(b) said deficit flow determining means determining the deficit flow quantity for each of said pumps; and

(c) said compensation means including means for compensating each pump for its respective deficit flow.

9. The fluid delivery apparatus according to claim 8 wherein said control means further includes means for driving each of said drive means at a third predetermined speed greater than said first predetermined speed during at least a portion of each respective deficit flow period.

10. The fluid delivery apparatus according to claim 9 wherein said compensation period occurs immediately after said deficit flow period and before said normal delivery period.

58. A fluid delivery apparatus according to claim 1 for delivering a plurality of fluids at predetermined flow rates to said fluid receiving system comprising:

(a) a plurality of pumps each having its own isolating means, refill means, drive means and deficit flow;

(b) said deficit flow determining means determining the deficit flow quantity for each of said pumps; and

(c) said compensation means including means for compensating for the deficit flow of at least one of said pumps.

59. The fluid delivery apparatus of claim 58 wherein said compensating means includes means for compensating each pump for its respective deficit flow.

60. The fluid delivery apparatus of claim 58 wherein said compensating means includes means for driving said drive means of at least one of said pumps at said second predetermined speed for a time sufficient to compensate for the deficit flow occurring in at least one of the other of said pumps.

61. The fluid delivery apparatus of claim 58 wherein said compensating means includes means for driving said drive means of each of said pumps at said second predetermined speed for a time sufficient to compensate for the deficit flow occurring in another of said pumps.

11. The method of operating pumping apparatus for delivering fluid to a system, said apparatus including a pump having at least one piston, said pump having (i) a delivery period during which the piston is driven at a first predetermined delivery rate to provide a normal delivery fluid flow rate to said system, (ii) a refill and piston chamber pump-up period during which the output of said pump is isolated from said system creating a deficit flow period during which no fluid is being delivered to said system, the improvement comprising the steps of;

(a) computing the quantity of fluid that would have been delivered to said system during the deficit flow period had said pump been delivering fluid to said system at its normal delivery rate;

(b) driving said pump at a speed such that fluid is delivered to said system at a higher rate than said normal delivery rate for a period of time sufficient to compensate for the quantity not delivered during said deficit flow period.

12. The method according to claim 11 wherein the improvement comprises the steps of:

(a) selecting said higher rate of speed and period of time such that the delivered fluid overcompensates for the flow deficiency.

13. The method according to claim 11 wherein the improvement comprises the steps of:

(a) selecting said higher rate of speed and period of time such that the delivered fluid undercompensates for the flow deficiency.

14. In a fluid delivery system having a single piston pump and inlet and outlet valves to allow fluid to be drawn into the pump piston chamber during a refill cycle and fluid to be delivered to the outlet of the system at a predetermined flow rate during a normal delivery period and a control means for controlling the pump piston speed, the method of compensating said fluid delivery system for the deficiency in fluid flow during the period when the outlet valve is closed and no fluid is being pumped to said system comprising the steps of:

(a) determining a first time period approximating the time period when said outlet valve is closed and said fluid delivery system is not delivering fluid at its outlet;

(b) driving said pump piston at a delivery rate greater than its predetermined normal delivery rate for a second time period such that the excess flow during said second time period approximates the flow deficiency during said first time period.

15. The fluid delivery system of claim 14 wherein:

(a) the predetermined flow rate during the normal delivery period is constant; and

(b) the piston speed during at least a portion of said first time period is greater than the piston speed during the normal delivery period to minimize said first time period.

16. The fluid delivery system of claim 15 wherein the pump piston speed during said second time period is approximately equal to the speed during said first time period.

17. The fluid delivery system of claim 14 wherein said second time period and said greater speed are selected such that the excess quantity of fluid delivered to the system exceeds the deficit quantity.

18. The fluid delivery system of claim 14 where said second time period and said greater speed are selected such that the excess quantity of fluid delivered to said system is less than the deficit quantity.

19. Fluid delivery apparatus for delivering fluid to a system comprising:

(a) a pump having at least one piston for reciprocation within a pump chamber;

(b) an inlet valve for admitting fluid to said chamber during the refill portion of the stroke of said piston;

(c) an outlet valve for closing the outlet of said pump during the refill and chamber pump-up portion of the piston stroke, said outlet valve opening to allow discharge of fluid to the system during at least a portion of the pumping stroke;

(d) variable piston drive means for driving said piston at various speeds;

(e) control means connected to said drive means for controlling the speed of said drive means;

(f) said control means including means for driving said drive means at a first predetermined speed during a normal delivery period to deliver to the system a predetermined quantity of fluid per unit of time during such period;

(g) means for determining the approximate time period during which said outlet valve is closed and said pump is not delivering fluid to the system;

(h) said control means further including means for driving said drive means at a second predetermined speed greater than said first predetermined speed for a period of time such that the excess fluid flow during said period approximately equals the fluid flow deficiency during the period when said outlet valve is closed.

20. The system according to claim 19 wherein said first predetermined speed is constant such that the fluid flow rate during the normal delivery period is a constant.

21. The system of claim 20 wherein said control means further includes means for driving said drive means at a third predetermined speed greater than said first predetermined speed during the period of time when said outlet valve is closed.

22. The system of claim 21 wherein said second and third predetermined speeds are constant.

23. The system of claim 21 wherein said second and third predetermined speeds are equal.

24. The system according to claim 19 wherein the period of time during which said drive means is being driven at said second predetermined speed commences at approximately the time when the outlet valve opens.

25. The fluid delivery system of claim 19 wherein the excess quantity of fluid delivered exceeds the fluid deficiency.

26. The fluid delivery system of claim 19 wherein the excess quantity of fluid delivered is less than the fluid deficiency.

27. In a fluid delivery system having a pump including at least a single piston for reciprocation within a pump chamber, inlet and outlet check valves, a variable speed pump piston drive means and a control means for controlling the speed of said drive means, said control means (i) driving said drive means at a first predetermined speed during a normal delivery time period for delivering fluid at a first predetermined rate, (ii) driving said drive means at a second predetermined speed during a second time period when the outlet check valve is closed and said pump is in the refill and pump piston chamber pump-up portions of its stroke, the improvement comprising:

means for determining the length of said second time period;

said control means including means for driving said drive means at a third predetermined speed greater than said first predetermined speed such that fluid is delivered at a rate larger than said first predetermined rate; and

means for determining the length of a third time period during which said drive means is operating at said third predetermined speed such that an excess quantity of fluid is delivered during said third time period which approximates the quantity undelivered during said second time period.

28. The fluid delivery system according to claim 27 wherein said means for determining the length of said second time period includes;

means generating a first signal when said piston begins its refill stroke and said outlet check valve closes;

means generating a second signal approximating the time when said outlet check valve opens; and

means for determining the time between said first and second signals.

29. The fluid delivery system according to claim 28 wherein said second signal generating means includes means for directly detecting the opening of said outlet check valve.

30. The fluid delivery system of claim 28 wherein said second signal generating means includes means for inferentially determining the time of opening of said outlet check valve.

31. The fluid delivery system according to claim 27 wherein said means for determining the length of said second time period includes:

means for determining and storing system pressure during said first time period;

means operative during said second time period for sampling and holding the time and pressure when piston chamber pressure reaches two predetermined values of pressure less than the stored system pressure;

means for determining the slope of the piston pressure pump-up waveform;

means utilizing said determined slope of said piston pressure pump-up waveform for determining the time when said piston chamber pressure would reach a value proportional to said stored system pressure if the outlet check valve remained closed; and

calculating means utilizing said determined second time period to determine the length of said third time period.

32. The fluid delivery system according to claim 31 wherein said proportional value is less than said sampled system pressure.

33. The fluid delivery system according to claim 31 wherein said proportional value is greater than said sampled system pressure.

34. The fluid delivery system according to claim 31 wherein said proportional value is approximately equal to said sampled system pressure.

35. The method of operating fluid delivery apparatus for delivering fluid to a fluid receiving system, said apparatus including a pump having at least one piston, said pump having (i) a normal delivery period during which said piston is driven at a first predetermined delivery speed to provide a normal delivery fluid flow rate to said system, (ii) a refill and piston chamber pump-up period during which the output of said pump is isolated from said system creating a deficit flow period during which no fluid is being delivered to said system, the improvement comprising the steps of:

(a) determining the duration of a time period T_DF during which the output of said pump is isolated from said system and no fluid is being delivered by said pump to said system;

(b) solving the equation ##EQU4## where F_D is the fluid flow rate out of said pump into said system during the normal delivery period and F_EX is a fluid flow rate in excess of F_D which will be delivered by the pump to said system during a period of excess flow;

driving said pump for a period of time equal to T_EX at a delivery flow rate of F_D +F_EX whereby the quantity of fluid delivered during said time period T_EX in excess of the quantity normally delivered during the time period T_EX is equal to the quantity of fluid that would have been delivered to said system during the deficit flow period had said pump been delivering fluid to said system at its normal delivery rate.

36. The method according to claim 35 wherein the improvement comprises the steps of:

(a) determining the duration of said time period T_DF in such a manner that the determined time period is longer than the actual time period whereby the delivered fluid overcompensates for the flow deficiency.

37. The method according to claim 35 wherein the improvement comprises the steps of:

(a) determining the duration of said time period T_DF in such a manner that the determined time period is less than the actual time period whereby the delivered fluid undercompensates for the flow deficiency.

38. A fluid delivery apparatus for delivering fluid to a fluid receiving system comprising:

(a) at least one pump having a piston for reciprocation within a pump chamber, said pump having a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet;

(b) isolating means for periodically isolating the outlet of said pump from the remainder of the fluid system for a period of time T_DF thereby creating a deficit flow period;

(c) refill means for refilling said pump chamber during said deficit flow period;

(d) variable piston drive means for driving said piston at various speeds;

(e) control means connected to said drive means for controlling the speed of said drive means;

(f) said control means including means for driving said drive means at a first predetermined speed during a normal delivery period to deliver fluid to said system at a normal delivery rate F_D and at a second predetermined speed greater than said first predetermined speed to delivery fluid to said system at a delivery rate which exceeds the normal delivery rate by an excess delivery rate F_EX ;

(g) means for determining the length of the deficit flow time period T_DF ;

(h) means for solving the equation ##EQU5## (i) said control means further including means for driving said drive means at said second predetermined speed for approximately said time period T_EX whereby the excess quantity of fluid delivered during said time period T_EX approximately equals the quantity of fluid which would have been delivered during the time period T_DF had said apparatus been delivering fluid during such period at said normal delivery rate.

39. The fluid delivery apparatus of claim 38 wherein said time period T_EX occurs immediately after said deficit flow period and before said normal delivery period.

40. The fluid delivery apparatus according to claim 38 wherein said control means further includes means for driving said drive means at a third predetermined speed greater than said first predetermined speed during at least a portion of said deficit flow period.

41. The fluid delivery apparatus according to claim 40 wherein said control means drives said drive means at said third predetermined speed during all of said deficit flow period.

42. The fluid delivery apparatus according to claim 40 wherein said first and second predetermined speeds are constant.

43. The fluid delivery apparatus according to claim 40 wherein said first, second and third predetermined speeds are constant.

44. The fluid delivery apparatus according to claim 43 wherein said second and third predetermined speeds are equal.

45. The fluid delivery apparatus according to claim 38 wherein T_DF is determined in such a manner that it exceeds the actual time period such that said apparatus overcompensates for the deficit flow.

46. The fluid delivery apparatus according to claim 38 wherein T_DF is determined in such a manner that it is less than the actual time period such that said apparatus undercompensates for the deficit flow.

47. A fluid delivery apparatus according to claim 38 for delivering at least two fluids at predetermined flow rates to said fluid system comprising:

(a) a plurality of pumps each having its own isolating means, refill means, drive means and deficit flow period;

(b) said deficit flow determining means determining independently the deficit flow period for each of said pumps;

(c) said equation solving means solving said equation independently for each of said pumps;

(d) said control means including means for driving each of said pumps at its respective second predetermined speed for its respective calculated time period T_EX

48. The fluid delivery apparatus according to claim 47 wherein said control means further includes means for driving each of said drive means at a third predetermined speed greater than said first predetermined speed during at least a portion of each respective deficit flow period.

49. The fluid delivery apparatus according to claim 47 wherein said time period T_EX occurs immediately after said deficit flow period and before said normal delivery period.

50. In a fluid delivery apparatus for delivering fluid to a fluid receiving system, said apparatus having at least one single piston pump, inlet and outlet valves to allow fluid to be drawn into the pump piston chamber during a refill cycle and to be delivered under pressure to the system at a predetermined flow rate during a delivery period and control means for controlling the pump piston speed, the method of compensating said fluid delivery apparatus for the quantity of fluid undelivered to said system during the period T_DF when the outlet valve is closed, comprising the steps of:

(a) sampling system pressure during the delivery period;

(b) generating a signal approximating the time when the outlet valve closes and the deficit flow time period T_DF begins;

(c) sampling and storing pump piston chamber pressure at least two points during the piston delivery stroke when both the inlet and outlet valves are closed;

(d) determining the slope of the piston chamber pressure pump-up waveform;

(e) determining a time when the piston chamber pressure would approximate a percentage of said stored system pressure if the outlet valve remained closed and using said determined time as the end of the deficit flow time period T_DF ;

(f) determining the time period T_DF ;

(g) solving the equation ##EQU6## where F_D is said predetermined fluid flow rate and F_EX is a fluid flow rate in excess of said predetermined flow rate;

(h) driving said pump at a speed sufficient to deliver fluid at a flow rate equal to F_D +F_EX for a time equal to T_EX.

51. The method according to claim 50 wherein said percentage is 90% to 110% of the stored system pressure whereby under or overcompensation occurs.

52. The method according to claim 50 wherein said percentage equals 100% of said stored system pressure.

53. A fluid delivery apparatus for delivering fluid to a fluid receiving system comprising:

(a) at least one pump having a piston for reciprocation within a pump chamber, said pump having a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet;

(b) isolating means for periodically isolating the outlet of said pump from the remainder of the fluid system for a first time period thereby creating a deficit flow period;

(c) refill means for refilling said pump chamber during said deficit flow period;

(d) variable piston drive means for driving said piston at various velocities;

(e) control means connected to said drive means for controlling the speed of said drive means;

(f) said control means including means for driving said drive means at a first predetermined speed during a normal delivery period to deliver fluid to said system at a normal delivery rate;

(g) said control means including means for driving said pump at a second predetermined speed greater than said first predetermined speed for a second time period such that the excess quantity of fluid delivered during said second time period approximates the quantity of fluid which would have been delivered during said first time period had said pump been delivering fluid at said normal delivery rate during said first time period.

54. A fluid delivery apparatus for delivering fluid to a fluid receiving system comprising:

(a) at least one pump having a piston for reciprocation within a pump chamber, said pump having a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet;

(b) isolating means for periodically isolating the outlet of said pump from the remainder of the fluid system for a period of time T_DF thereby creating a deficit flow period;

(c) refill means for refilling said pump chamber during said deficit flow period;

(d) variable piston drive means for driving said piston at various speeds;

(e) control means connected to said drive means for controlling the speed of said drive means;

(f) said control means including means for driving said drive means at a first predetermined speed during a normal delivery period to deliver fluid to said system at a normal delivery rate F_D and at a second predetermined speed greater than said first predetermined speed to delivery fluid to said system at a delivery rate which exceeds the normal delivery rate by an excess delivery rate F_EX ;

(g) means for determining the length of the deficit flow time period T_DF ;

(h) means for solving the equation ##EQU7## for the quantity T_EX (i) said control means further including means for driving said drive means at said second predetermined speed for approximately said time period T_EX whereby the excess quantity of fluid delivered during said time period T_EX approximately equals the quantity of fluid which would have been delivered during the time period T_DF had said apparatus been delivering fluid during such period at said normal delivery rate.

55. A fluid delivery system comprising:

(a) a plurality of pumps each including at least one piston for reciprocation within a pumping chamber, an outlet valve for periodically isolating the outlet of said pump from the remainder of the fluid system for a time period T_DF thereby creating a deficit flow period during which no fluid is delivered by said pump to the remainder of the fluid system;

(b) variable piston drive means for driving each of said pistons at various speeds;

(c) control means connected to said drive means for controlling the speed of said drive means;

(d) refill means for refilling each of said pump-up chambers with fluid during the respective deficit flow period of each said pump;

(e) means for determining the time period T_DF for each of said pumps;

(f) said control means including means for driving each of said drive means at a first predetermined speed during a normal delivery period to deliver fluid to said system at a normal delivery rate;

(g) said control means further including compensating means for driving each of said drive means at a second predetermined speed greater than said first delivery speed for a second period of time such that the excess flow during said second period of time approximates the deficit flow during a time period T_DF.

56. The fluid delivery system according to claim 55 wherein the compensating means of one pump compensates for the deficit flow of another pump.

57. The fluid delivery system according to claim 55 wherein the compensating means of each pump compensates for its own deficit flow.