Blood substitute
First Claim
1. A blood substitute capable of maintaining a subject and its organs at temperatures below 20°
- C. comprising a base solution comprising water, electrolytes in physiological concentration, a macromolecular oncotic agent, a biological buffer effective at physiological pH, simple sugar, and potassium ion in a concentration range of 4-5 mEq,a cardioplegia induction solution comprising said base solution and wherein the concentration of potassium ion is in a range of 25-45 mEq,a cardioplegia maintenance solution comprising said base solution and wherein the concentration of potassium ion is in a range of 15-45 mEq,and a recovery solution comprising said base solution and wherein the concentration of potassium ion is in a range of 6-10 mEq.
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Accused Products
Abstract
A blood substitute suitable for replacing blood in mammalian subjects when performance of surgical procedures at hypothermic temperatures is described. The blood substitute comprises water, electrolytes at physiological concentration, dextran 40 at a concentration sufficient for the blood substitute to achieve a colloidal suspension having a fluid osmotic pressure essentially equivalent to mammalian plasma, HEPES buffer at a physiological pH, dextrose, magnesium ion at a concentration of about 0.01M and potassium ion at a concentration greater than 10 mEq per liter sufficient to prevent or arrest cardiac fibrillation. In one embodiment the blood substitute is a multi-solution system wherein the solutions comprise differing levels of the above-indicated componants and are administered sequentially to completely replace a subjects circulating blood.
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Citations
26 Claims
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1. A blood substitute capable of maintaining a subject and its organs at temperatures below 20°
- C. comprising a base solution comprising water, electrolytes in physiological concentration, a macromolecular oncotic agent, a biological buffer effective at physiological pH, simple sugar, and potassium ion in a concentration range of 4-5 mEq,
a cardioplegia induction solution comprising said base solution and wherein the concentration of potassium ion is in a range of 25-45 mEq, a cardioplegia maintenance solution comprising said base solution and wherein the concentration of potassium ion is in a range of 15-45 mEq, and a recovery solution comprising said base solution and wherein the concentration of potassium ion is in a range of 6-10 mEq. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13)
- C. comprising a base solution comprising water, electrolytes in physiological concentration, a macromolecular oncotic agent, a biological buffer effective at physiological pH, simple sugar, and potassium ion in a concentration range of 4-5 mEq,
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14. The method, of performing a bloodless hypothermic procedure upon a non-living euthermic subject comprising the steps of:
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(a) lowering the subject'"'"'s core body temperature to a temperature above ice point and insufficient to cause cardiac fibrillation; (b) placing the subject'"'"'s circulation on by-pass. (c) perfusing the subject with an amount of a first perfusate sufficient to remove essentially all of the subject'"'"'s circulating blood said first perfusate comprising, water, electrolytes in physiological concentration, a macromolecular oncotic agent, a biological buffer effective at physiological pH, simple sugar, magnesium ion in a concentration sufficient to substitute for calcium ion in membrane calcium ion channels; (d) when the subject'"'"'s temperature is substantially hypothermic but before cardiac fibrillation occurs, perfusing the subject with an amount of a second perfusate sufficient to replace essentially all of the circulating first perfusate, said second perfusate comprising, water, electrolytes in physiological concentration, a macromolecular oncotic agent, a biological buffer effective at physiological pH, simple sugar, magnesium ion in a concentration sufficient to substitute for calcium ion in membrane calcium ion channels and a cardioplegic agent in a concentration sufficient to prevent or arrest cardiac fibrillation or contraction. - View Dependent Claims (15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 25)
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21. The method of performing a bloodless hypothermic procedure upon a euthermic subject in need thereof comprising the steps of:
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(a) lowering the subject'"'"'s core body temperature to a temperature above ice point and insufficient to cause cardiac fibrillation; (b) placing the subject'"'"'s circulation on by-pass; (c) perfusing the subject with an amount of a first perfusate sufficient to remove essentially all of the subject'"'"'s circulating blood said first perfusate comprising, water, electrolytes in physiological concentration, a macromolecular oncotic agent, a biological buffer effective at physiological pH, simple sugar, and potassium ion in a concentration range of 4-5 mEq; (d) when the subject'"'"'s temperature is substantially hypothermic but before cardiac fibrillation occurs, perfusing the subject with an amount of a second perfusate sufficient to replace essentially all of the circulating first perfusate, said second perfusate comprising, water, electrolytes in physiological concentration, a macromolecular oncotic agent, a biological buffer effective at physiological pH, simple sugar; (e) after cardiac contractile activity stops replacing essentially all of said circualting second perfusate with a third perfusate comprising water, electrolytes in physiological concentration, a macromolecular oncotic agent, a biological buffer effective at physiological pH, simple sugar, and potassium ion in a concentration range of 15-45 mEq; (f) prior to reintroducing blood into the subject, replacing essentially all of the circulating third perfusate with a fourth perfusate comprising water, electrolytes in physiological concentration, a macromolecular oncotic agent, a biological buffer effective at physiological pH, simple sugar, and potassium ion in a concentration range of 6-10 mEq. - View Dependent Claims (22, 23, 24, 26)
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Specification