Method for the three-dimensional surveillance of the object space

• US 4,928,175 A
• Filed: 10/07/1988
• Issued: 05/22/1990
• Est. Priority Date: 04/11/1986
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Henrik Haggren
• Original Assignee: Henrik Haggren
• Inventors: Haggren, Henrik
• Primary Examiner(s): Shepperd, John W.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Parker, Michael D.
• Application Number:
  US07/259,270
• Time in Patent Office: 592 Days
• Field of Search: 358/107, 358/108, 901/47, 364/559, 364/560
• US Class Current: 348/159
• CPC Class Codes: G01B 11/002 for measuring two or more coordinates
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 5/16 using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves

Abstract

In order to register the space, there are installed two video cameras at certain angles with respect to each other. In this object space there are arranged control points, the object coordinates (X_k, Y_k, Z_k ; k=1, 2, 3 . . . ) whereof are measured and the imagewise image coordinates (x_ki, y_ki ; x_kj, y_kj) are determined from the corresponding video cameras, whereafter the control points can be removed from the object space. On the basis of the image coordinate values and the object space coordinate values of the control points, there are calculated the orientation parameters (a₁₁ . . . a₃₃) of projective resection, whereafter the unknown object space coordinates (X, Y, Z) of the observed object points can be solved in a real-time process on the basis of the image coordinates (x, y) registered by the video cameras and by making use of projective intersection.

Claims

1. A method for the three-dimensional surveillance of an object space, comprising the steps of

(a) arranging at least two image acquisition devices such as video cameras to register the said object space;

(b) positioning said image acquisition devices at an angle with respect to each other to observe said object space;

(c) digitizing the images received by the image acquisition devices;

(d) locating object points on the image planes of the image acquisition devices;

(e) calculating the space coordinates of the object points in the three-dimensional object space on the basis of the image coordinates of these object points and present constants;

(f) arranging control points in this object space;

(g) measuring the object coordinates (Xk, Yk, Zk;

k=1, 2, 3. . . ) of said control points;

(h) locating said control points on the image planes of the image acquisition devices;

(i) determining the projection wise image coordinates (Xki, Yki;

Xkj, Ykj) of said control points on said images from the corresponding image acquisition devices whereafter said control points can be removed;

(j) calculating new orientation parameters (a₁₁ . . . a₃₃) of projective resection on the basis of the image coordinate and space coordinate values of the control points;

(k) observing object points on the image planes of the image acquisition devices;

(l) registering the projectionwise image coordinates (X₁, Y₁, X₂ of said observed object points from the corresponding image acquisition device;

(m) solving the unknown object coordinates (X, Y, Z) of said observed object points in a real-time process by aid of said registered image coordinates (x, y) by making use of projective intersection and by employing the following transformation matrix;

space="preserve" listing-type="tabular">______________________________________ ##STR1## where X.sub.i, Y.sub.i, Z.sub.i = the object space coordinates, i.e. X.sub.j, Y.sub.j, Z.sub.j the coordinates of the object points in the XYZ coordinates of the object space;

X.sub.oi, Y.sub.oi, Z.sub.oi = the constants representing the projection point o.sub.i , o.sub.j of each image acquisition device i, j;

a.sub.11 . . . a.sub.33 = the projective orientation para- meters of the images;

x.sub.1, y.sub.1 = the constants of the image points x.sub.1, y.sub.1 on the image planes of each image acquisition device i, j;

i, j. = the image acquisition devices i and j. ______________________________________

2. The method of claim 1, comprising the steps of using the once determined orientation parameters (a₁₁ . . . a₃₃) when solving the unknown object coordinates (X, Y, Z) of the object points on the basis of the image coordinates (x, y) observed by the image acquisation devices, as long as the said devices are positioned at a solid angle with respect to each other and are registering the desired object space.

3. The method of claim 2, comprising the step of coupling image acquisition devices at given distances to each other in a stationary manner and at a solid angle with respect to each other, so that their common field of vision, i.e. the object space, is determined and this space can be continuously observed.

4. The method of claim 1, comprising the step of choosing the control points so that they cover the three-dimensional space registered by the image acquisition devices.

5. The method of claim 1, comprising the step of arranging the number of the control points more than 5, i.e. more than the smallest number required in the calculation or the orientation parameters.

6. The method of claim 1, comprising the step of signalizing the object points to be measured by aid of measuring aid marks.

7. The method of claim 6, comprising the step of signalizing the object points to be measured by aid of spots of light arranged to scan the object space.