Sinus arrhythmia monitor
First Claim
1. In an apparatus for measuring sinus arrhythmia of a subject, the improvement comprising:
- means for determining respiratory volume;
means for determining respiratory rate;
means for determining mean heart rate;
means for correcting a measurement of sinus arrhythmia as a function of respiratory volume, respiratory rate and mean heart rate.
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Abstract
An instrument for measuring physiological characteristics of a living organism based upon the monitoring of the respiratory sinus arrhythmia senses a subject'"'"'s heartbeat and senses beginning of inspiration and expiration in the subject'"'"'s respiratory cycles. Instantaneous heart rate values are derived for each heartbeat. A time value is stored for each heartbeat, and from those time values the temporal location of each instantaneous heart rate within the respiratory cycle of the patient is determined. Based upon the time values and the instantaneous heart rate values corresponding to those time values, measurement values which indicate a characteristic of the subject'"'"'s cardiovascular and/or cardiopulmonary systems are derived. Corrections for the effects of mean heart rate, respiratory rate, respiratory volume and respiratory flow rate, and time of day of the test, are provided.
89 Citations
43 Claims
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1. In an apparatus for measuring sinus arrhythmia of a subject, the improvement comprising:
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means for determining respiratory volume; means for determining respiratory rate; means for determining mean heart rate; means for correcting a measurement of sinus arrhythmia as a function of respiratory volume, respiratory rate and mean heart rate. - View Dependent Claims (2)
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3. In an apparatus for measuring sinus arrhythmia of a subject based upon sensing of heart beats and determination of instantaneous heart rates corresponding to those heart beats, the improvement comprising:
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means for sensing beginnings of inhale and exhale components of breathing cycles of the subjects; means for temporally locating the instantaneous heart rates within the inhale and exhale components of breathing cycles based upon temporal relationships between sensed heart beats and sensed beginnings of inhale and exhale components; and means for deriving a measurement of sinus arrhythmia based upon the instantaneous heart rates and their corresponding temporal locations within the breathing cycles. - View Dependent Claims (4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
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10. A method of measuring physiologic characteristics of a subject, the method comprising:
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sensing changes of direction of respiratory flow of the subject to produce inspiration and expiration signals; sensing heart beats of the subject to produce heart beat signals; determining an instantaneous heart rate for each heart beat; determining temporal locations of the instantaneous heart rates within respiratory cycles based upon temporal relationships between the inspiration and expiration signals and the heart beat signals; and deriving a measured physiological characteristic based upon the instantaneous heart rates and their corresponding temporal locations. - View Dependent Claims (11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23)
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24. In an apparatus for measuring sinus arrhythmia of a subject based upon sensing of heart beats and determination of instantaneous heart rates corresponding to those heart beats, the improvement comprising:
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means for sensing breathing cycles of the subject; means for determining whether the instantaneous heart rate is located within an inhale or an exhale component of a sensed breathing cycle; and means for temporally locating the instantaneous heart rate as a percentage of time within that component; and means for deriving a measurement of sinus arrhythmia based upon the instantaneous heart rates and their corresponding temporal locations within the breathing cycles.
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25. In an apparatus for measuring sinus arrhythmia of a subject based upon sensing of heart beats and determination of instantaneous heart rates corresponding to those heart beats, the improvement comprising:
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means for sensing breathin cycles of the subject; means for temporally locating the instantaneous heart rates within the breathing cycles; means for deriving a measurement of sinus arrhythmia based upon the instantaneous heart rates and their corresponding temporal locations within the breathing cycles; means for determining a respiratory rate based upon the breathing cycles sensed; and means for correcting the measurement of sinus arrhythmia for effects of respiratory rate.
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26. In an apparatus for measuring sinus arrhythmia of a subject based upon sensing of heart beats and determination of instantaneous heart rates corresponding to those heart beats, the improvement comprising:
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means for sensing breathing cycles of the subject; means for temporally locating the instantaneous heart rates within the breathing cycles; means for deriving a measurement of sinus arrhythmia based upon the instantaneous heart rates and their corresponding temporal locations within the breathing cycles; means for sensing respiratory volume; and means for correcting the measurement of sinus arrhythmia for effects of respiratory volume.
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27. In an apparatus for measuring sinus arrhythmia of a subject based upon sensing of heart beats and determination of instantaneous heart rates corresponding to those heart beats, the improvement comprising:
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means for sensing breathing cycles of the subject; means for temporally locating the instantaneous heart rates within the breathing cycles; means for deriving a measurement of sinus arrhythmia based upon the instantaneous heart rates and their corresponding temporal locations within the breathing cycles; means for determining rate of air flow during inspiration and expiration; and means for correcting the measurement of sinus arrhythmia for effects of the rate of air flow.
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28. In an apparatus for measuring sinus arrhythmia of a subject based upon sensing of heart beats and determination of instantaneous heart rates corresponding to those heart beats, the improvement comprising:
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means for sensing breathing cycles of the subject; means for temporally locating the instantaneous heart rates within the breathing cycles; means for deriving a measurement of sinus arrhythmia based upon the instantaneous heart rates and their corresponding temporal locations within the breathing cycles; means for determining a time of day when the measurement of sinus arrhythmia is performed; and means for correcting the measurement of sinus arrhythmia for effects of the time of day.
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29. An apparatus for noninvasive quantitative measurement of physiologic characteristics of a living subject, the apparatus comprising:
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means for providing first signals representative of sensed heart beats of the subject; means for sensing breathing cycles of the subject and providing second signals representative of beginning of inhale and exhale components of the breathing cycles; means responsive to the first signals for providing first digital data representative of instantaneous heart rate of each sensed heart beat; means for determining a temporal location of each of the instantaneous heart rates within the breathing cycles based upon temporal relationships of the first and second signals and providing second digital data representative of the temporal location; means for analyzing the first and second digital data to derive a digital value indicative of a physiological characteristic of the subject; and means for providing a human perceivable output as a function of the derived digital value. - View Dependent Claims (30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43)
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Specification