Load response control and method

• US 4,931,717 A
• Filed: 09/05/1989
• Issued: 06/05/1990
• Est. Priority Date: 09/05/1989
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. (NXP Semiconductors NV)
• Original Assignee: Motorola, Inc. (Motorola Solutions, Inc.)
• Inventors: Jarrett, Robert, Gray, Randall C.
• Primary Examiner(s): Salce, Patrick R.
• Assistant Examiner(s): VOELTZ, EMANUEL T
• Application Number:
  US07/402,282
• Time in Patent Office: 273 Days
• Field of Search: 323/299, 320/35, 320/36, 320/39, 320/40, 320/64, 320/31, 322/8, 322/17, 322/18, 322/19, 322/21, 322/22, 322/23, 322/24, 322/25, 322/38, 322/39, 322/DIG. 2
• US Class Current: 323/299
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/2434 with pulse modulation
• CPC Class Codes: H02P 9/30 using semiconductor devices
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/92 Energy efficient charging or discharging systems for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors specially adapted for vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 322/02 Generator field current-responsive systems

Abstract

A regulator is responsive to an input signal proportional to the system supply voltage for adjusting the current flowing in the field windings of an electrical alternator which controls the output power thereof. The primary regulation loop of the regulator generates a pulse train having a duty cycle inversely proportional to the amplitude of the input signal while an oscillator provides a sawtooth signal at a predetermined frequency which controls the response frequency of the regulator. The regulator limits the rate of increase in the duty cycle of pulse train upon detecting a decrease in the system supply voltage by converting the duty cycle of the pulse train to a charging signal for developing a voltage across a capacitor proportional to the duty cycle of the pulse train. The voltage across the capacitor is compared to the sawtooth signal and triggers a latch which disables the output signal of the regulator as the duty cycle lengthens in response to the decrease in the system supply voltage. The voltage across the capacitor is increased each oscillator cycle until the duty cycle reaches the value required to support the output power of the alternator.

Claims

1. A regulator responsive to an input signal proportional to the system supply voltage for controlling the output power of a alternator, comprising regulating means having an input responsive to the input signal and an output for providing a pulse train wherein the duty cycle of the pulse train is inversely proportional to the amplitude of the input signal;

output driving means coupled between the output of the regulating means and the alternator for controlling the current flowing therein at a level proportional to the duty cycle of the pulse train;

oscillating means for providing first and second output signals wherein the period of the first and second output signals is less than the time constant of the current flowing in the alternator, wherein the improvement comprises means coupled between the output of the regulating means and the output driving means for limiting the rate of increase in the duty cycle of the pulse train applied thereto upon detecting a decrease in the system supply voltage by disabling the pulse train at a point in the cycle of the oscillating means which increases each cycle until reaching the particular duty cycle required to support the load such that the duty cycle of the pulse train is reduced during one cycle of the oscillating means upon detecting an increase in the system supply voltage.

2. The regulator of claim 1 wherein said means for limiting the rate of increase in the duty cycle includes:

capacitive means for developing a voltage thereacross;

means for converting the duty cycle of the pulse train to a charging signal for developing said voltage across said capacitive means proportional to the duty cycle of the pulse train;

first comparing means for asserting an output signal when the first output signal of the oscillating means exceeds said voltage across said capacitive means; and

first latching means having first and second inputs and an output, said first latching means being responsive to said output signal of said first comparing means being applied to said first input for providing a low output signal, said first latching means also being responsive to the second output signal of the oscillating means applied to said second input for providing a high output signal, said output being coupled to the output of the driving means for disabling the pulse train in response to said output signal of said first comparing means.

3. The regulator of claim 2 wherein said means for converting includes:

current supply means having an output for providing a current of predetermined magnitude;

a first transistor having a base, an emitter and a collector, said base being responsive to said output signal of said first latching means, said emitter being coupled to a first power supply conductor;

a second transistor having a base, an emitter and a collector, said collector and base being coupled together to said output of said current supply means, said emitter being coupled to a second power supply conductor;

a third transistor having a base, an emitter and first and second collectors, said base being coupled to said base of said second transistor, said emitter being coupled to said second power supply conductor, said first collector being coupled to said collector of said first transistor;

a fourth transistor having a base, an emitter and first, second and third collectors, said emitter being coupled to said first collector of said third transistor, said base being coupled to said bases of said second and third transistors;

a fifth transistor having a base, an emitter and a collector, said base and collector being coupled together to said first collector of said fourth transistor and to output of said means for converting; and

a first resistor coupled between said emitter of said fifth transistor and said first power supply conductor.

4. The regulator of claim 3 wherein said means for converting further includes:

a sixth transistor having a base, an emitter and a collector, said collector being responsive to said output signal of said first latching means, said emitter being coupled to said first power supply conductor;

a seventh transistor having a base, an emitter and a collector, said base being coupled to said collector of said sixth transistor, said emitter being coupled to said first power supply conductor; and

a second resistor coupled between said first collector of said fourth transistor and said collector of said seventh transistor.

5. The regulator of claim 4 wherein said first comparing means includes:

an eighth transistor having a base, an emitter and a collector, said base being coupled to said first input of said first comparing means;

a third resistor coupled between said collector of said eighth transistor and said first power supply conductor;

a ninth transistor having a base, an emitter and a collector, said base being responsive to the first output signal of the oscillating means, said emitters of said ninth and tenth transistors being coupled to said second collector of said third transistor, said collector being coupled to said first power supply conductor; and

a tenth transistor having a base, an emitter and a collector, said base being coupled to said collector of said eighth transistor, said emitter being coupled to said first power supply conductor, said collector being coupled to said output of said first comparing means.

6. The regulator of claim 5 wherein said first latching means includes:

an eleventh transistor having a base, an emitter and a collector coupled to said output of said first comparing means;

a fourth resistor coupled between said emitter of said eleventh transistor and said first power supply conductor;

a fifth resistor coupled between said base of said eleventh transistor and said first power supply conductor;

a twelfth transistor having a base, an emitter and first and second collectors, said base being coupled to said collector of said eleventh transistor, said first collector being coupled to said base of said eleventh transistor, said second collector being coupled to said base of said sixth transistor;

an sixth resistor coupled between said emitter of said twelfth transistor and said second power supply conductor;

a thirteenth transistor having a base, an emitter and a collector, said base and collector being coupled together to said emitter of said twelfth transistor, said emitter being coupled to the input of the output driving means;

a diode having an anode coupled to said emitter of said twelfth transistor and a cathode coupled to said first power supply conductor;

a fourteenth transistor having a base, an emitter and a collector, said collector being coupled to said base of said eleventh transistor, said emitter being to said first power supply conductor, said base being coupled to the second output of the oscillating means; and

a seventh resistor coupled between said base of said fourteenth transistor and said first power supply conductor.

7. A regulator responsive to an input signal proportional to the system supply voltage for adjusting the current flowing in the field windings of an electrical alternator which controls the output power thereof, comprising:

output driving means coupled to the field windings of the alternator for controlling the current flowing therein;

oscillating means for providing first and second output signals;

regulating means having an input responsive to the input signal and an output coupled to said output driving means for providing a pulse train thereat which has duty cycle inversely proportional to the amplitude of the input signal;

capacitive means for developing a voltage thereacross;

means coupled to said output of said regulating means for converting said duty cycle of said pulse train to a charging signal for developing said voltage across said capacitive means proportional to said duty cycle of said pulse train;

first comparing means for asserting an output signal when said first output signal of said oscillating means exceeds said voltage across said capacitive means; and

first latching means having first and second inputs and an output, said first latching means being responsive to said output signal of said first comparing means being applied to said first input for providing a low output signal, said first latching means also being responsive to said second output signal of said oscillating means applied to said second input for providing a high output signal, said output being coupled to said output of said driving means for disabling said pulse train in response to said output signal of said first comparing means.

8. The regulator of claim 7 wherein said means for converting includes:

current supply means having an output for providing a current of predetermined magnitude;

a first transistor having a base, an emitter and a collector, said base being responsive to said output signal of said first latching means, said emitter being coupled to a first power supply conductor;

a second transistor having a base, an emitter and a collector, said collector and base being coupled together to said output of said current supply means, said emitter being coupled to a second power supply conductor;

a third transistor having a base, an emitter and first and second collectors, said base being coupled to said base of said second transistor, said emitter being coupled to said second power supply conductor, said first collector being coupled to said collector of said first transistor;

a fourth transistor having a base, an emitter and first, second and third collectors, said emitter being coupled to said first collector of said third transistor, said base being coupled to said bases of said second and third transistors;

a fifth transistor having a base, an emitter and a collector, said base and collector being coupled together to said first collector of said fourth transistor and to output of said means for converting; and

a first resistor coupled between said emitter of said fifth transistor and said first power supply conductor.

9. The regulator of claim 8 wherein said means for converting further includes:

a sixth transistor having a base, an emitter and a collector, said collector being responsive to said output signal of said first latching means, said emitter being coupled to said first power supply conductor;

a seventh transistor having a base, an emitter and a collector, said base being coupled to said collector of said sixth transistor, said emitter being coupled to said first power supply conductor; and

a second resistor coupled between said first collector of said fourth transistor and said collector of said seventh transistor.

10. The regulator of claim 9 wherein said first comparing means includes:

an eighth transistor having a base, an emitter and a collector, said base being coupled to said first input of said first comparing means;

a third resistor coupled between said collector of said eighth transistor and said first power supply conductor;

a ninth transistor having a base, an emitter and a collector, said base being responsive to said first output signal of said oscillating means, said emitters of said ninth and tenth transistors being coupled to said second collector of said third transistor, said collector being coupled to said first power supply conductor; and

a tenth transistor having a base, an emitter and a collector, said base being coupled to said collector of said eighth transistor, said emitter being coupled to said first power supply conductor, said collector being coupled to said output of said first comparing means.

11. The regulator of claim 10 wherein said first latching means includes:

an eleventh transistor having a base, an emitter and a collector coupled to said output of said first comparing means;

a fourth resistor coupled between said emitter of said eleventh transistor and said first power supply conductor;

a fifth resistor coupled between said base of said eleventh transistor and said first power supply conductor;

a twelfth transistor having a base, an emitter and first and second collectors, said base being coupled to said collector of said eleventh transistor, said first collector being coupled to said base of said eleventh transistor, said second collector being coupled to said base of said sixth transistor;

an sixth resistor coupled between said emitter of said twelfth transistor and said second power supply conductor;

a thirteenth transistor having a base, an emitter and a collector, said base and collector being coupled together to said emitter of said twelfth transistor, said emitter being coupled to said input of said output driving means;

a diode having an anode coupled to said emitter of said twelfth transistor and a cathode coupled to said first power supply conductor;

a fourteenth transistor having a base, an emitter and a collector, said collector being coupled to said base of said eleventh transistor, said emitter being to said first power supply conductor, said base being coupled to said second output of said oscillating means; and

a seventh resistor coupled between said base of said fourteenth transistor and said first power supply conductor.

12. The regulator of claim 11 wherein said regulating means includes:

level shifting circuit responsive to the input signal for providing a reduced output signal;

summing junction for combining said first signal of said oscillating means with said reduced input signal for providing an output signal proportional to variations in the input signal;

second comparing means for providing an asserted output signal when said output signal of said summing junction exceeds a predetermined reference potential; and

second latching means having first and second inputs and an output, said first input being responsive to said output of said first comparing means for providing a low output signal, said second input being responsive to said second output of said oscillating means for providing a high output signal, said output being coupled to said output driving means for generating said pulse train.

13. The regulator of claim 12 further comprising:

a fifteenth transistor having a base, an emitter and a collector, said collector being coupled to said input of said output driving means, said emitter being to said second power supply conductor, said base being coupled to said output of said second latching means; and

a tenth resistor coupled between said base of said fifteenth transistor and said output of said second latching means.

14. The regulator of claim 13 wherein said first output signal of said oscillating means has a sawtooth waveform wherein the slew rate of the rising edge is small in comparison to the slew rate of the falling edge.

15. The regulator of claim 14 wherein said second output signal of said oscillating means is high during the falling edge of said first output signal of said oscillating means and low otherwise.

16. A method of inserting a time delay in a regulator which is responsive to the system supply voltage for providing a pulse width modulation output signal for controlling the average field current flowing in a alternator, comprising the steps of:

generating a pulse train having a duty cycle inversely proportional to the magnitude of the system supply voltage;

developing first and second oscillating signals each having a period less than the time constant of the current flowing in the alternator;

converting said duty cycle of said pulse train to a charging signal;

using said charging signal to develop a voltage across a capacitor proportional to the duty cycle of pulse train;

comparing said voltage across said capacitor to said first oscillating signal;

disabling the pulse width modulated output signal when said first oscillating signal exceeds said voltage across said capacitor;

using said second oscillating signal to reset said pulse width modulated output signal once each oscillating cycle; and

increasing said voltage across said capacitor by a predetermined amount during each oscillator cycle as said duty cycle of said pulse train increases in response to an increase in the load applied to the alternator.

17. The method of claim 16 wherein said step of generating a pulse train having a duty cycle inversely proportional to the magnitude of the system supply voltage includes the steps of:

reducing the system supply voltage to a level compatible with conventional electronic circuitry;

combining said reduced system supply voltage and said first oscillating signal for developing a summation signal;

comparing said summation signal to a predetermined reference signal;

disabling the pulse width modulated output signal when said summation signal exceeds said reference signal;

using said second oscillating signal to reset said pulse width modulated output signal once each oscillating cycle.