Thermal imager

• US 4,933,555 A
• Filed: 02/03/1988
• Issued: 06/12/1990
• Est. Priority Date: 02/03/1987
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: SELEX Sensors and Airborne Systems Ltd. (Leonardo S.p.A.)
• Original Assignee: GEC Marconi Limited (Gooding Consumer Electronics Ltd.)
• Inventors: Smith, Brian F.
• Primary Examiner(s): Hannaher, Constantine
• Application Number:
  US07/153,574
• Time in Patent Office: 860 Days
• Field of Search: 250/330, 250/332, 250/334, 250/252.1 R, 250/493.1, 250/495.1, 250/504 R, 374/1, 374/2, 374/124, 374/126
• US Class Current: 250/330
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 2005/0077 Imaging
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 2005/526 Periodic insertion of emissive surface
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 2005/528 Periodic comparison
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 5/061 by controlling the temperature of the apparatus or parts thereof, e.g. using cooling means or thermostats
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 5/08 Optical arrangements
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 5/0806 Focusing or collimating elements, e.g. lenses or concave mirrors
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 5/0831 Masks; Aperture plates; Spatial light modulators
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 5/53 Reference sources, e.g. standard lamps; Black bodies
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 5/80 Calibration using comparison with reference sources G01J5/52
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 25/672 between adjacent sensors or output registers for reading a single image
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 5/33 Transforming infrared radiation cameras or camera modules for generating image signals from infrared radiation H04N23/20; circuitry of SSIS for transforming infrared radiation into image signals H04N25/20

Abstract

A thermal imager including a cryogenically cooled detector element array and a scanning element has an optical system with a field of view limited by a field stop (2). A retroreflective region (6) is provided on part of the field stop to act as a temperature reference by allowing the detector array to "look at" itself. A second, different temperature reference (5) is provided on another part of the field stop and the two references are used to equalize and adjust the output characteristics of the elements in the detector array.

Claims

1. A thermal imager including:

a thermal sensor and a first temperature reference means including retro-reflective means for providing a retro-reflected image of the sensor for use as a first temperature reference, a second temperature reference means, said second temperature reference means including means for providing a second temperature reference at a different temperature from that of the retro-reflected image, an optical system for admitting electromagnetic radiation to the thermal sensor, the optical system including a field stop adapted to limit the field of view of the scene viewed by the sensor, and wherein said first and second temperature reference means are situated on portions of the field stop;

scanning means adapted to scan over the field of view of the scene and, when required, also over each temperature reference means; and

electrical means for processing an output of the thermal sensor.

2. A thermal imager as claimed in claim 1 wherein the second temperature reference means comprises a Peltier cell.

4. A thermal imager comprising:

a thermal sensor;

an optical system for admitting electro-magnetic radiation to the thermal sensor,

a field stop positioned to limit a field of view of a scene viewed by said thermal sensor,

a first temperature reference region including retro-reflective means for providing a retro-reflected image of the sensor as a first temperature reference,

a second temperature reference region including means for providing a second temperature reference at a known temperature different from the temperature of the retro-reflected image;

scanning means arranged to scan over the field of view of the scene and, when required, also over both temperature reference regions so as to provide two different temperature references; and

electrical means for processing an output of the thermal sensor.

3. A thermal imager as claimed in claim 4 wherein the imager is a scanning type imager including one or more scanning elements adapted to scan over a field of view greater than that of the scene to be imaged and wherein the retro-reflective means is situated outside the field of view of the scene but within the possible field of view which may be scanned by scanning elements of the imager.

5. A thermal imager as claimed in claim 4 wherein the thermal sensor comprises an array of thermal detector elements.

6. A thermal imager as claimed in claim 5 adapted to be scanned in swathes and wherein at least one of the swathes may be extended to scan each reference region.

7. A thermal imager as claimed in claim 6 wherein the first and second temperature reference regions are situated at the beginning and end of one swathe line only.

8. A thermal imager as claimed in claim 4 wherein the retro-reflective means comprises at least one corner cube.

9. A thermal imager as claimed in claim 4 including filtering means on the retro-reflective means for raising the perceived temperature of the retro-reflected image by a predetermined amount.

10. A thermal imager as claimed in claim 9 wherein the filtering means is a multi-layer coating.

11. A thermal imager as recited in claim 4 wherein said first and second temperature reference regions are situated on respective portions of the field stop.

12. A thermal imager as recited in claim 11 wherein said second temperature reference region comprises an untreated clamp region at ambient temperature.

13. A thermal imager as recited in claim 4 wherein said second temperature reference region comprises an untreated clamp region at ambient temperature.

14. A thermal imager as recited in claim 4 wherein said imager is scanned in swathes, and wherein at least one of said means providing said first and second temperature references has a width substantially equal to one of said swaths.