Optical fiber connector

• US 4,934,785 A
• Filed: 02/23/1989
• Issued: 06/19/1990
• Est. Priority Date: 08/29/1983
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Fitel USA Corporation (Furukawa Electric Company Limited)
• Original Assignee: American Telephone & Telegraph Company (AT&T, Inc.)
• Inventors: Miller, Calvin M., Mathis, Terry D.
• Primary Examiner(s): Lee, John D.
• Application Number:
  US07/314,683
• Time in Patent Office: 481 Days
• Field of Search: 350/96.20, 350/96.21, 350/96.22
• US Class Current: 385/68
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/266 the optical element being an attenuator
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/29368 Light guide comprising the filter, e.g. filter deposited on a fibre end G02B6/29359 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/3504 Rotating, tilting or pivoting the waveguides, or with the waveguides describing a curved path rotary joint G02B6/3628
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/3506 Translating the waveguides along the beam path, e.g. by varying the distance between opposed waveguide ends, or by translation of the waveguide ends
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/355 1x2 switch, i.e. one input and a selectable single output of two possible outputs
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/3552 1x1 switch, e.g. on/off switch
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/3564 Mechanical details of the actuation mechanism associated with the moving element or mounting mechanism details
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/3582 Housing means or package or arranging details of the switching elements, e.g. for thermal isolation
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/3594 Characterised by additional functional means, e.g. means for variably attenuating or branching or means for switching differently polarized beams
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/381 of the ferrule type, e.g. fibre ends embedded in ferrules, connecting a pair of fibres
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/382 with index-matching medium between light guides provisionally see G02B6/4212
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/3821 with axial spring biasing or loading means G02B6/3847 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/3835 using discs, bushings or the like
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/3874 using tubes, sleeves to align ferrules
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/3877 Split sleeves
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/3878 comprising a plurality of ferrules, branching and break-out means
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/389 characterised by the method of fastening connecting plugs and sockets, e.g. screw- or nut-lock, snap-in, bayonet type
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/3898 Tools, e.g. handheld; Tuning wrenches; Jigs used with connectors, e.g. for extracting, removing or inserting in a panel, for engaging or coupling connectors, for assembling or disassembling components within the connector, for applying clips to hold two connectors together or for crimping tools for cleaning, G02B6/3866; tools in general B25B

Abstract

Disclosed is an optical fiber connector that comprises two right capillary cylinders or "plugs", an alignment sleeve that contactingly maintains the plugs in substantially fixed relative relation, and means for maintaining the plugs in substantially fixed relative axial relation. Connectors according to the invention can have very low insertion loss, are easily field-installed, can be easily and relatively inexpensively manufactured, and are useful for single mode as well as for multimode fiber applications. In a preferred embodiment the connector takes the form of the ST® connector.

Claims

1. A connector for radiation-transmissively connecting an end of an optical fiber to an end of another optical fiber, said connector comprising two fiber termination means, each fiber termination means comprising

(a) a basically cylindrical plug including an end face in which an associated fiber is to terminate, and a passageway which terminates in said end face and which is adapted to receive an uncoated end portion of the associated optical fiber that is to be terminated by said plug;

(b) base means for holding an end portion of the plug and comprising an axial bore which is aligned with the passageway of the plug in a direction along a longitudinal axis of said connector;

at least one fiber termination means further comprising

(c) spring means disposed about said base means;

(d) cap means for enclosing at least a portion of said base means and said spring means;

(e) confinement means adapted for causing the spring means to urge the base means and the associated plug in a generally longitudinal direction with respect to the cap means;

the connector further comprising

(f) an alignment sleeve adapted to contactingly receive at least an end portion of each of said two plugs in a manner to cause the passageways to be aligned generally in a longitudinal direction; and

(g) housing means for holding said alignment sleeve and comprising means for securing the two fiber termination means to the housing means such that the end faces of the plugs are maintained in radiation-transmissive relationship.

2. The connector of claim 1, wherein the housing means and the cap means comprise mating twist-and-lock means, with the spring means adapted for providing locking compression on the twist-and-lock means.

3. The connector of claim 1, wherein the spring means comprise a spiral spring that rests against a lip in the cap means and also rests against spring retaining means secured to the base means, and wherein the connector comprises means, secured to the base means, for retaining the base means in the cap means.

4. The connector of claim 1, wherein the passageway is of essentially uniform diameter throughout the length of the plug, but not excluding the optional presence of an entry cone and/or of a chamfer.

5. A connector for radiation-transmissively connecting an end of an optical fiber to an end of another optical fiber, said connector comprising two fiber termination means, each fiber termination means comprising

(a) a basically cylindrical plug including an end face in which an associated fiber is to terminate, and a passageway which terminates in said end face and which is adapted to receive an uncoated end portion of the associated optical fiber that is to be terminated by said plug;

(b) base means for holding an end portion of the plug and comprising an axial bore which is aligned with the passageway of the plug in a direction along a longitudinal axis of said connector, at least one fiber termination means further comprising

(c) spring means disposed about said base means;

(d) cap means for enclosing at least a portion of said base means and said spring means;

(e) confinement means adapted for causing the spring means to urge the base means and the associated plug in a generally longitudinal direction with respect to the cap means;

the connector further comprising

(f) an alignment sleeve adapted to contactingly receive at least an end portion of each of said two plugs in a manner to cause the passageways to be aligned generally in a longitudinal direction; and

(g) housing means for holding said alignment sleeve and comprising means for securing the two fiber termination means to the housing means such that the end faces of the plugs are maintained in radiation-transmissive relationship.

6. The connector of claim 5, wherein the housing means and the cap means comprise mating twist-and-lock means, with the spring means adapted for providing locking compression on the twist-and-lock means.

7. The connector of claim 5, wherein the spring means comprise a spiral spring that rests against a lip in the cap means and also rests against spring retaining means secured to the base means, and wherein the connector comprises means secured to the base means, for retaining the base means in the cap means.

8. The connector of claim 5, wherein the coated portion is to be maintained in the bore of the base means by adhesive means.

9. An article for terminating an optical fiber comprising

(a) a basically cylindrical plug comprising an end face in which an associated fiber is to terminate, and a passageway which terminates in said end face and which is adapted to receive an uncoated end portion of the associated fiber;

(b) base means for holding an end portion of the plug and comprising an axial bore which is aligned with the passageway in a direction along a longitudinal axis of the article;

(c) first means disposed about said base means;

(d) cap means for enclosing at least a portion of said base means and said first means; and

(e) confinement means adapted for confining the first means in a longitudinal direction.

10. The article of claim 9, wherein the first means are spring means, and wherein the confinement means are adapted for causing the spring means to urge the base means and the associated plug in the generally longitudinal direction with respect to the cap means.

11. The article of claim 9, wherein the first means are spacer means.

12. The article of claim 9, wherein the passageway is of essentially uniform diameter throughout the length of the plug, but not excluding the optional presence of an entry cone and/or of a chamfer.

13. A terminated optical fiber which comprises an optical fiber end portion and an article for terminating the optical fiber, the article for terminating the optical fiber comprising

(a) a basically cylindrical plug comprising an end face in which the associated fiber terminates, and a passageway which terminates in said end face and in which an uncoated end portion of the associated fiber is maintained;

(b) base means for holding an end portion of the plug and comprising an axial bore which is aligned with the passageway in a direction along a longitudinal axis of the article;

(c) first means disposed about said base means;

(d) cap means for enclosing at least a portion of said base means and said first means; and

(e) confinement means adapted for confining the first means in a longitudinal direction.

14. The terminated optical fiber of claim 13, wherein the first means are spring means, and wherein the confinement means are adapted for causing the spring means to urge the base means and the associated plug in the generally longitudinal direction with respect to the cap means.

15. The terminated optical fiber of claim 13 wherein the first means are spacer means.

16. The terminated optical fiber of claim 13, wherein the passageway is of essentially uniform diameter throughout the length of the plug, but not excluding the optional presence of an entry cone and/or of a chamfer.

17. An article for terminating an optical fiber comprising

(a) a basically cylindrical plug comprising an end face in which an associated fiber is to terminate, and a passageway which terminates in said end face and which is adapted to receive an uncoated end portion of the associated fiber;

(b) base means for holding an end portion of the plug and comprising an axial bore which is aligned with the passageway in a direction along a longitudinal axis of the article;

(c) first means disposed about said base means;

(d) cap means for enclosing at least a portion of said base means and said first means; and

(e) confinement means adapted for confining the first means in a longitudinal direction, wherein

(f) the base means are adapted for receiving a coated portion of the associated fiber.

18. The article of claim 17, wherein the first means are spring means, and wherein the confinement means are adapted for causing the spring means to urge the base means and the associated plug in the generally longitudinal direction with respect to the cap means.

19. The article of claim 17, wherein the first means are spacer means.

20. The article of claim 17, wherein the coated portion is to be maintained in the bore of the base means by adhesive means.

21. A terminated optical fiber which comprises an optical fiber end portion and an article for terminating the optical fiber, the article for terminating the optical fiber comprising

(a) a basically cylindrical plug comprising an end face in which the associated fiber terminates, and a passageway which terminates in said end face and in which an uncoated end portion of the associated fiber is maintained;

(b) base means for holding an end portion of the plug and comprising an axial bore which is aligned with the passageway in a direction along a longitudinal axis of the article;

(c) first means disposed about said base means;

(d) cap means for enclosing at least a portion of said base means and said first means; and

(e) confinement means adapted for confining the first means in a longitudinal direction, wherein;

(f) the base means are adapted for receiving a coated portion of the associated fiber.

22. The terminated optical fiber of claim 21, wherein the first means are spring means, and wherein the confinement means are adapted for causing the spring means to urge the base means and the associated plug in the generally longitudinal direction with respect to the cap means.

23. The terminated optical fiber of claim 21, wherein the first means are spacer means.

24. The terminated optical fiber of claim 21, wherein the coated portion is maintained in the bore of the base means by adhesive means.