Method and apparatus for video image film simulation

• US 4,935,816 A
• Filed: 06/23/1989
• Issued: 06/19/1990
• Est. Priority Date: 06/23/1989
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: 24P LLC
• Original Assignee: Robert A. Faber
• Inventors: Faber, Robert A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Groody, James J.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Zarabian, Amir
• Application Number:
  US07/370,454
• Time in Patent Office: 361 Days
• Field of Search: 358/160, 358/140, 358/21 R, 358/141, 358/213.22, 358/166
• US Class Current: 348/578
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 5/262 Studio circuits, e.g. for mixing, switching-over, change of character of image, other special effects ; Cameras specially adapted for the electronic generation of special effects

Abstract

Video signals from pre-recorded video tape or a video camera are received by the present invention and processed to provide the appearance of a motion picture film recorded image. The output of the invention may be provided directly for television broadcast or recording on video tape. Simulation of film frames is provided by summing a real time signal and delayed signals to create an interpolation of preceding and succeeding video fields. Addition of mixed, clipped and filtered noise to provide the appearance of grain in photographic film and alteration of the apparent contrast provide variable artistic attributes which are adjustable for the desired film appearance.

Claims

1. A method for simulating the appearance of film recorded images in a video signal comprising the steps of:

receiving a composite video signal input;

distributing the signal input as a first signal, a second signal, a third signal and a fourth signal;

delaying the second signal for a first time period equivalent to the period of a first video field to produce a first delayed signal;

delaying the third signal for a second time period equivalent to the period of a second video field to produce a second delayed signal;

summing the first signal with the first delayed signal to produce an "A" field;

summing the first signal with the second delayed signal;

delaying the summed first signal and second delayed signal for a time period equivalent to the first time period to produce a "B" field;

repetatively selecting between the A field and B field in a sequence of A-B-A-B-B-A-B-A-B-B to produce an internal signal;

delaying the internal signal for a time period equivalent to the sum of the first and second time periods to produce an "A'"'"'" field;

selecting between the internal signal and the "A'"'"'" field to repetatively produce a sequence of A-B-A-B-A'"'"' to produce a processed video signal;

delaying the fourth signal for a time period equivalent to the circuit delay between the first signal and the processed video signal; and

,

selecting the processed video signal during the picture portion of the signal and the delayed fourth signal during the non-picture portion of the signal for a processed video output.

2. A method as defined in claim 1 further comprising the step of summing the first signal with clipped white noise for grain simulation.

3. A method as described in claim 1 further comprising the step of modifying the processed video signal through a non-linear amplifier to simulate the non-linear gray scale of film.

4. An apparatus for modifying a video signal to simulate the appearance of film recorded images comprising:

means for receiving a composite video signal;

a first delay means for receiving the composite video signal and providing an output signal with a first delay;

a second delay means for receiving the composite video signal as an input and providing a signal output with a second delay;

a first summing means for receiving the output signal of the first delay means and summing that signal with the composite video signal to produce an A field;

second summing means for summing the output of the second delay means with the composite video signal;

a third delay means receiving the summed composite video signal and second delayed signal and providing a signal output with a delay equal to the first delay as a B field;

first switching means to selectably transmit the A field and B field;

a fourth delay means connected to the first switch means providing a signal output with a delay equal to the sum of the first and second delay;

a second switch means for selectably transmitting the signal transmitted by the first switch means and the output of the fourth delay means;

a fifth delay means receiving the composite video signal and providing a signal output having a delay equal to the circuit delay of the signal transmitted through the second switch means;

a third switch means selectably transmitting the signal transmitted by the second switch means and the signal output of the fifth delay means to provide a process video output; and

control means for selecting the transmitted signals of the first, second and third switch means.

5. An apparatus as defined in claim 4 further comprising a third summing means located intermediate the input means and the first and second summing means for summing clipped white noise with the composite video signal.

6. An apparatus as defined in claim 4 further comprising a non-linear amplifier intermediate the second switch means and third switch means and wherein the fifth delay time includes the circuit delay of the non-linear amplifier.

7. An apparatus as defined in claim 4 wherein the control means is responsive to the composite video signal and comprises:

a means for separating synchronization and start of field signals in the composite video signal;

a first timing means responsive to the start of field signals which controls the third switch means to select the output of the fifth delay means for a first time period;

a second timing means responsive to the synchronization signals for selecting the output of the fifth delay means by the third switch means for a second time period; and

a counter means controlling selection of the first switch means by a first counted sequence and controlling the selection by the second switch means according to a second counted sequence, the counter means responsive to the first timing means for initialization.

8. An apparatus as defined in claim 7 wherein the first timing means comprises a one-shot circuit responsive to the start of field detected by the separation means, the output of the one shot comprising a signal of length equivalent to vertical blanking signal lines in the field, and wherein the second timing means comprises a second one-shot circuit responsive to the synchronization signal detected by the separation means, the second one shot providing a signal output of duration approximately equal to the period of time from synchronization to the unblanking portion of the composite video signal, and a third one-shot circuit responsive to the output of the second one-shot circuit and having an output of duration approximately equal to the duration of picture intelligence in the composite video signal.

9. An apparatus as defined in claim 6 wherein the first, second, third and fourth delay means are read/write digital video memories.

10. An apparatus as defined in claim 9 wherein the first and third delay means are even field duration read/write digital video memories, the second delay means is an odd field duration read/write digital video memory having a chrominance phase inversion circuit, and the fourth delay means is a one frame read/write digital video memory having a chrominance phase inversion circuit.

11. An apparatus as defined in claim 10 wherein the separation means further separates alternating field signals from the composite video signal and the apparatus further comprises a fourth switch means intermediate the counter means and the first switch means for selectably transmitting the first counting sequence from the counter and the alternating field signal detected by the separation means to the first switch means, and means for interrupting the second count sequence intermediate the counter means and the third switch means whereby the second switch means continuously selects the signal transmitted by the first switch means.

12. An apparatus as defined in claim 11 wherein the interruption means comprises an and gate receiving the second count sequence on a first input, a fifth switch means selectably transmitting a high signal and a low signal to a second input of the and gate, and the output of the AND gate controlling the second switch means.