Solid rocket fuels

• US 4,938,813 A
• Filed: 10/23/1989
• Issued: 07/03/1990
• Est. Priority Date: 10/21/1988
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Fraunhofer Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Angewandten Forsching E.V.
• Original Assignee: Fraunhofer Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Angewandten Forsching E.V.
• Inventors: Eisele, Siegfried, Menke, Klaus, Schubert, Hiltmar
• Primary Examiner(s): Miller, Edward A.
• Application Number:
  US07/424,909
• Time in Patent Office: 253 Days
• Field of Search: 149/19.2, 149/19.4, 149/19.6, 149/19.1, 149/92
• US Class Current: 149/19.2
• CPC Class Codes: C06B 25/34 the compound being a nitrated acyclic, alicyclic or heterocyclic amine
• CPC Class Codes: C06B 45/105 The resin being a polymer bearing energetic groups or containing a soluble organic explosive

Abstract

Solid rocket fuels with a low pressure exponent and with little or no sigure comprise high-energy nitramine compounds in an amount of 50-90% by weight, an azide group-containing, high-energy binder system of polymers and plasticizers in an amount of 8-50% by weight and heavy metal catalysts in the form of lead, tin or copper compounds in an amount of 0.5 to 10% by weight.

Claims

1. Solid rocket fuels comprising high-energy nitramine compounds in an amount of 50-90% by weight, a high-energy, azide group-containing binder system of polymers and plasticizers in an amount of 8-50% by weight and heavy metal catalysts in the form of lead, tin or copper compounds in an amount of 0.5-10% by weight.

2. Solid rocket fuels according to claim 1, wherein the azide group-containing binder system is selected from the group consisting of:

(a) azide polymers and at least one of high-energy and inert plasticizers;

(b) inert polymers and azide plasticizers; and

(c) azide polymers and azide plasticizers.

3. Solid rocket fuels according to claim 1, wherein the nitramine compounds are used in an amount of 60-85% by weight, the azide group-containing binder system in an amount of 15-40% by weight and the heavy metal catalysts in an amount of 1-5% by weight.

4. Solid rocket fuels according to claim 1, wherein at least one selected from the group consisting of octogen, hexogen, nitroguanidine and tetryl is used as the nitramine compounds.

5. Solid rocket fuels according to claim 1, wherein the azide group-containing binder system contains 20-100% by weight of polymers and 0-80% by weight of high-energy plasticizers.

6. Solid rocket fuels according to claim 5, wherein the azide group-containing binder system contains 30-70% by weight of polymers and 30-70% by weight of high-energy plasticizers.

7. Solid rocket fuels according to claim 6, wherein the polymers are azide polymers, and the high-energy plasticizers are selected from the group consisting of esters and nitro compounds.

8. Solid rocket fuels according to claim 7, wherein said high-energy plasticizers are selected from the group consisting of nitroglycerine, butane triol trinitrate, trimethylol ethane trinitrate, diethylene glycol dinitrate, and bisdinitropropylformal/acetal.

9. Solid rocket fuels according to claim 5, wherein the polymers are azide polymers, and the high-energy plasticizers are selected from the group consisting of esters and nitro compounds.

10. Solid rocket fuels according to claim 9, wherein said high-energy plasticizers are selected from the group consisting of nitroglycerine, butane triol trinitrate, trimethylol ethane trinitrate, diethylene glycol dinitrate, and bisdinitropropylformal/acetal.

11. Solid rocket fuels according to claim 1, wherein the azide group-containing binder system includes at least one of polymers and azide plasticizers, and also includes an inert plasticizer selected from the group consisting of alkyl acetates, phthalates and adipates, and citric and phosphoric acid esters.

12. Solid rocket fuels according to claim 1, wherein the heavy metal catalysts in the form of lead, tin or copper compounds are selected from the group consisting of lead, tin or copper as oxides, inorganic salts and organic salts.

13. Solid rocket fuels according to claim 1, wherein the fuels additionally include burn-off moderators in the form of carbon or, on combustion, carbon-yielding substances, in an amount of 0.2 to 3% by weight.

14. Solid rocket fuels according to claim 13, wherein the burn-off moderators are selected from the group consisting of carbon black, carbon fibers, activated carbon and graphite.

15. Solid rocket fuels according to claim 1, wherein the fuels further include metal powders in an amount of 1-20%, as power-increasing additives.

16. Solid rocket fuels according to claim 2, wherein the nitramine compounds are used in an amount of 60-85% by weight, the azide group-containing binder system in an amount of 15-40% by weight and the heavy metal catalysts in an amount of 1-5% by weight.

17. Solid rocket fuels according to claim 16, wherein at least one selected from the group consisting of octogen, hexogen, nitroguanidine and tetryl is used as the nitramine compounds.

18. Solid rocket fuels according to claim 17, wherein the azide group-containing binder system contains 20-100% by weight of polymers and 0-80% by weight of high-energy plasticizers.

19. Solid rocket fuels according to claim 18, wherein the polymers are azide polymers, and the high-energy plasticizers are selected from the group consisting of esters and nitro compounds.

20. Solid rocket fuels according to claim 19, wherein the azide group-containing binder system includes at least one of polymers and azide plasticizers, and also includes an inert plasticizer selected from the group consisting of alkyl acetates, phthalates and adipates, and citric and phosphoric acid esters.

21. Solid rocket fuels according to claim 20, wherein the heavy metal catalysts in the form of lead, tin or copper compounds are selected from the group consisting of lead, tin or copper as oxides, inorganic salts and organic salts.

22. Solid rocket fuels according to claim 21, wherein the fuels additionally include burn-off moderators in the form of carbon or, on combustion, carbon-yielding substances, in an amount of 0.2 to 3% by weight.

23. Solid rocket fuels according to claim 21, wherein the fuels further include metal powders in an amount of 1-20%, as power-increasing additives.