Method of representing a perspective image of a terrain and a system for implementing same

• US 4,940,972 A
• Filed: 02/10/1988
• Issued: 07/10/1990
• Est. Priority Date: 02/10/1987
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Societe D'Applications Generales D'Electricite et de Mecanique Sagem
• Original Assignee: Societe D'Applications Generales D'Electricite et de Mecanique Sagem
• Inventors: Frappier, Gerard, Mouchot, Carine
• Primary Examiner(s): Brigance, Gerald
• Assistant Examiner(s): Hjerpe, Richard A.
• Application Number:
  US07/154,576
• Time in Patent Office: 881 Days
• Field of Search: 340/700, 340/705, 340/720, 340/747, 340/812, 340/980, 358/75, 358/104, 434/38, 434/43, 353/10-12, 364/518, 364/521, 364/522
• US Class Current: 345/421
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 15/20 Perspective computation
• CPC Class Codes: G09B 9/301 by computer-processed or -generated image

Abstract

A method is provided for representing, on a display device screen and in perspective from a given point of observation, the image of a terrain known by the nodes of a given mesh network, in which for each image pixel, the point of intersection is determined of the line which starts from the point of observation and which passes through this image pixel with a surface passing through the nodes and taking on approximately the shape of the ground, and said image pixel is illuminated with the color of the pixel associated with a digitized planimetric map or photograph of the ground.

Claims

1. A method of representing, on a display device screen (1) and in perspective from a given point (P) of observation, the image of a terrain (2) and a sky, said terrain being known by the coordinates of the nodes (N) of a given mesh network, in which a surface (3) passing through these nodes (N) is determined by interpolation, an assembly of points (Q) on this surface is determined and the pixels (4) of the image to be represented, which are associated with this assembly of points (Q), are illuminated so as to display the image on the display device screen (1), characterized in that a planimetric map (5) or photograph of the terrain (2) is defined with color informations, the map or photograph is digitized so as to obtain map pixels (7,7'"'"') of given colors, the points (Q) of said assembly of points being defined so that each point (Q) is associated with a respective pixel (4) of the image, and furthermore, with each of these points (Q), and with each of the corresponding image pixels (4), a map pixel (7'"'"') is associated and each image pixel (4) is illuminated in the color of the associated map pixel (7'"'"').

2. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pixels of the display device screen (1) which are not pixels (4) of the image of the terrain (2) are illuminated with a color representing the sky.

3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the map pixel associated with a point (Q) of said assembly of points is the map pixel (7'"'"') having the same planimetric coordinates as this point (Q).

4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the point of said assembly of points, associated with an image pixel (4) is the first intersection point of said surface (3) with a line extending from the point of observation (P) and which passes through this image pixel (4).

5. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein, in order to determine said first intersection point (Q):

a starting step is performed wherein one starts with a point (E;

E'"'"') situated on said line at an initial distance, of given value, from said display device screen (1),

a determining step is performed wherein the relative position of said point (E;

E'"'"') with respect to said surface (3) is determined and if said point (E;

E'"'"') is above said surface (3), its distance from the display device screen (1) is increased by steps of constant value (D;

D'"'"') until said point (E;

E'"'"') is below said surface (3).

a reducing step is performed wherein said distance is reduced, by steps of a value (D/2, D/4, . . . , D/2ⁿ ;

where n is a positive integer) each time equal to half that of the preceding step until said point (E;

E'"'"') is situated above said surface (3),

then said distance is increased by steps of a value (D/2ⁿ⁺¹, D/2ⁿ⁺², . . . , D/2^n+p ;

where n and p are positive integers) equal each time to half that of the preceding step until said point (E;

E'"'"') is situated below said surface (3).

it is so processed until a point (E'"'"';

E") is obtained whose distance to the preceding point (E;

E'"'"') is less than a given threshold (D/2ⁿ ;

where n is a positive integer) and the coordinates of this point (E'"'"';

E") are assigned to said first intersection point (Q).

6. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the pixels of the display device screen (1) are organized in the form of a matrix having a plurality of lines and a plurality of columns, each column comprising a plurality of pixels, arranged in increasing order from a first pixel having the lowest position in said column to a last pixel having the highest position in said column, and one proceeds for each column, as follows:

a determining step wherein it is determined whether the first pixel of the column of the display device screen (1) is a pixel (4) of the image of the terrain by searching for a first intersection point (Q) of said surface (3) with a line leaving from the point of observation (P) and passing through this pixel, from an initial distance of zero value between the display device screen (1) and said point (E) situated on said line; and

an illuminating step wherein if the first pixel is not a pixel (4) of the image of the terrain it is illuminated with a color representing the sky, as well as all the following pixels in the same column,

the first pixel is a pixel (4) of the image of the terrain it is illuminated in the color of the associated map pixel (7'"'"') and the next pixel of the column is taken, for which a first intersection point (Q) is sought, by taking this time as initial distance between the display device screen (1) and said point (E'"'"') situated on said line, the distance between the point of observation (P) and the first intersection point (Q) for the preceding pixel.

7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein each image pixel (4) is illuminated with the color of the associated map pixel (7'"'"') with an intensity varying inversely with the distance between the point of observation (P) and the point (Q) of said assembly of points, associated with this image pixel (4).

8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein each pixel (4) is illuminated, in the color of the associated map pixel (7'"'"') with an intensity related to the altitude of the point (Q) of said assembly of points, associated with this image pixel (4).

9. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein, in order to improve the readability of the image a lighting direction of the terrain (2) is defined, and each image pixel (4) is illuminated, in the color of the associated map pixel (7'"'"'), with an intensity which depends on the lighting of the surface (3) in the vicinity of the point (Q) of said assembly of points, associated with this image pixel (4).

10. A system for representing, on a display device screen (1) and in perepective from a given point of observation (P), the image of a terrain (2) known by the coordinates of the nodes (N) of a given mesh network, including:

a first memory (11) for storing the coordinates of said nodes (N),

means (12) for generating a signal (S) of data representative of the point of observation (P) and of the display device screen (1),

means (13) connected to said first memory (11) and to said generating means (12) for determining by interpolation a surface (3) passing through said nodes (N), then an assembly of points (Q) on this surface (3), and the pixels (4) of the image to be represented which are associated with this assembly of points (Q), and

display means (15) connected to said determining means (13) for illuminating said pixels (4) of the image to be represented, in which system;

a second memory (14) is provided for storing a digitized planimetric map (5), or photograph information, of the terrain (2), with color informations digitized in the form of map pixels (7, 7'"'"') of given colors,

said generating means (13) are connected to said second memory (14) and adapted so as to define the points (Q) of said assembly so that they are all respectively associated with all the pixels (4) of the image, so as to associate with each of all these points, and so with each of the image pixels (4) a map pixel (7) and so as to illuminate each image pixel (4) in the color of the associated map pixel (7).

11. The system as claimed in claim 10, wherein said determining means (13) comprises:

means (131) connected to said first memory (11) for calculating said surface (3),

first means (132,

     133), connected to said generating means (12) and to said calculating means (131), for associating with an image pixel (4) a first point of intersection (Q) of said surface (3) with a line which starts from the point of observation (P) and passes through this image pixel (4), and

second means (134) connected to said first means (132,

     133) and to the second memory (14) for associating, with each of the intersection points (Q), the map pixel (7) on which the point is to be found having the same planimetric coordinates as this intersection point (Q).