Solid-state imaging device having photo-electric conversion elements and other circuit elements arranged to provide improved photo-sensitivity

• US 4,942,474 A
• Filed: 12/08/1988
• Issued: 07/17/1990
• Est. Priority Date: 12/11/1987
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Hitachi, Ltd.
• Original Assignee: Hitachi, Ltd.
• Inventors: Akimoto, Hajime, Ozaki, Toshifumi, Ohba, Shinya
• Primary Examiner(s): Brinich, Stephen
• Application Number:
  US07/281,220
• Time in Patent Office: 586 Days
• Field of Search: 358/213.26, 358/213.27, 358/213.11, 358/213.12, 358/212, 358/213.18, 358/213.31, 358/213.28
• US Class Current: 348/301
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 25/573 the logarithmic type
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 25/76 Addressed sensors, e.g. MOS or CMOS sensors
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 25/78 Readout circuits for addressed sensors, e.g. output amplifiers or A/D converters
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 3/1512 for MOS image-sensors, e.g. MOS-CCD H04N3/1581 takes precedence

Abstract

A solid-state imaging device including a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements (for example, photodiodes) arranged on a semiconductor substrate so as to form a matrix and read-out means for reading out signal charges which are stored in the photodiodes in accordance with incident light, in a predetermined order, is disclosed in which device the read-out means is made up of a plurality of active elements such as a MOS transistor connected to a photodiode, part of the active elements are used as a pixel amplifier for amplifying the signal charge of the photodiode in such a manner that the signal charge is converted into a current or voltage, the output of the pixel amplifier at a time the signal charge of the photodiode is not applied to the input part of the pixel amplifier and the output of the pixel amplifier at a time the signal charge of the photodiode is applied to the input part of the pixel amplifier are separately stored in a pair of storage means, and the outputs of a plurality of pairs of storage means are successively taken out in accordance with a scanning signal.

Claims

1. A solid-state imaging device comprising:

a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements arranged so as to form a two-dimensional matrix, for storing signal charges corresponding to incident light;

a first signal line for transferring the signal charges of photoelectric conversion elements in a predetermined column, in a column direction;

first switch means for transferring the signal charge stored in one of the photoelectric conversion elements to the first signal line, the first switch means stored in the one photoelectric conversion element into an amplified signal which is either a current signal or a voltage signal and for delivering the amplified signal to the first signal line, selection/switch means for selecting a predetermined one of the photoelectric conversion elements in the predetermined column to supply the signal charge of the selected photoelectric conversion element to the input part of the amplifier means, and reset means for resetting the electric charge in the input part of the amplifier means;

a second signal line for transferring the signal charge which is supplied from the first signal line, to an output terminal;

second switch means for transferring the signal charge on the first signal line to the second signal line, the second switch means being made up of a plurality of storage means for storing the output charge of the amplifier means at a time the electric charge in the input part of the amplifier means is reset by the reset means and for storing the output charge of the amplifier means at a time the signal charge of the photoelectric conversion element is applied to the amplifier means, and transfer/switch means for transferring the output charges which are stored in plural storage means, successively to the second signal line; and

first and second scanning means for scanning each of the first and second switch means in a predetermined order.

2. A solid-state imaging device according to claim 1, wherein the selection/switch means is formed of a first MOS transistor, the first and gate electrodes of the first MOS transistor are connected to the photoelectric conversion element and the first scanning means, respectively, and the second electrode of the first MOS transistor is connected to the amplifier means and the reset means,

wherein the amplifier means is formed of a second MOS transistor, and the first, gate and second electrodes of the second MOS transistor are connected to the first scanning means, the second electrode of the first MOS transistor, and the first signal line, respectively, and

wherein the reset means is formed of a third MOS transistor, the first electrode of the third MOS transistor is connected to the second electrode of the first MOS transistor, and the gate and second electrodes of the third MOS transistor are connected to the first scanning means.

3. A solid-state imaging device according to claim 1, wherein each of plural storage means is formed of a series combination of a first MOS transistor and a capacitive element connected to the second electrode of the first MOS transistor, the first electrode of the first MOS transistor is connected to the first signal line, and the first MOS transistor is turned on or off in accordance with the potential of a gate line connected to the gate electrode of the first MOS transistor, and

wherein the transfer/switch means is formed of a second MOS transistor, and the first, second, and gate electrodes of the second MOS transistor are connected to the second electrode of the first MOS transistor, the second signal line, and the second scanning means, respectively.

4. A solid-state imaging device according to claim 3, wherein two storage means are connected to the first signal line in parallel, and the output charges stored in two storage means are transferred to the second signal line independently of each other with the aid of the transfer/switch means.

5. A solid-state imaging device according to claim 2, wherein the well of the second MOS transistor is connected to the second electrode of the second MOS transistor to keep the well and second electrode of the second MOS transistor at the same potential.

6. A solid-state imaging device according to claim 3, wherein a pair of second signal lines are used, four storage means are connected to the first signal line in parallel, output charges from two photoelectric conversion elements in the predetermined column, two predetermined adjacent rows of the matrix are stored in four storage means in a horizontal blanking period, and the output charges stored in four storage means are transferred to two second signal lines independently of each other by means of the transfer/switch means, to perform a read operation for the predetermined adjacent rows at once.

7. A solid-state imaging device comprising:

a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements arranged so as to form a two-dimensional matrix, for storing signal charges corresponding to incident light;

a first signal line for transferring the signal charges of photoelectric conversion elements in a predetermined column, in a column direction;

first switch means for transferring the signal charge stored in one of the photoelectric conversion elements to the first signal line, the first switch means including amplifier means for amplifying the signal charge stored in said one photoelectric conversion element into an amplified signal which is either a current signal or a voltage signal and for delivering the amplified signal to the first signal line, and reset means for resetting the electric charge in the input part of the amplifier means;

a second signal line for transferring the signal charge which is supplied from the first signal line, to an output terminal;

second switch means for transferring the signal charge on the first signal line to the second signal line, the second switch means being made up of a plurality of storage means for storing the output charge of the amplifier means at a time the electric charge in the output part of the amplifier means is reset by the reset means and for storing the output charge of the amplifier means at a time the signal charge of the photoelectric conversion element is applied to the amplifier means, and transfer/switch means for transferring the output charges which are stored in plural storage means, successively to the second signal line; and

first and second scanning means for scanning each of the first and second switch means in a predetermined order. 41

8. A solid-state imaging device according to claim 7, wherein the amplifier means is formed of a first MOS transistor, and the first, gate and second electrodes of the first MOS transistor are connected to the first scanning means, the photoelectric conversion element and the first signal line, respectively, and

wherein the reset means is formed of a second MOS transistor, the first electrode of the second MOS transistor is connected to the gate electrode of the first MOS transistor, and the gate and second electrodes of the second MOS transistor are connected to the first scanning means.

9. A solid-state imaging device according to claim 7, wherein each of plural storage means is formed of a series combination of a first MOS transistor and a capacitive element connected to the second electrode of the first MOS transistor, the first electrode of the first MOS transistor is connected to the first signal line, and the first MOS transistor is turned on or off in accordance with the potential of a gate line connected to the gate electrode of the first MOS transistor, and

wherein the transfer/switch means is formed of a second MOS transistor, and the first, second and gate electrodes of the second MOS transistor are connected to the second electrode of the first MOS transistor, the second signal line and the second scanning means, respectively.

10. A solid-state imaging device according to claim 9, wherein two storage means are connected to the first signal line in parallel, and the output charges stored in two storage means are transferred to the second signal line independently of each other with the aid of the transfer/switch means.

11. A solid-state imaging device comprising:

a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements arranged so as to form a two-dimensional matrix, for storing signal charges corresponding to incident light;

a first signal line for transferring the signal charges of photoelectric conversion elements in a predetermined column, in a column direction;

first switch means for transferring the signal charge stored in one of the photoelectric conversion elements to the first signal line, the first switch means including amplifier means for amplifying the signal charge stored in said one photoelectric conversion element into an amplified signal which is either a current signal or a voltage signal and for delivering the amplified signal to the first signal line, and selection/switch means for selecting a predetermined one of the photoelectric conversion elements in the predetermined column to supply the signal charge of the selected photoelectric conversion element to the input part of the amplifier means;

a second signal line for transferring the signal charge which is supplied from the first signal line, to an output terminal;

second switch means for transferring the signal charge on the first signal line to the second signal line, the second switch means being made up of a plurality of storage means for storing the output charge of the amplifier means at a time the electric charge in the input part of the amplifier means is reset by the reset means and for storing the output charge of the amplifier means at a time the signal charge of the photoelectric conversion element is applied to the amplifier means, and transfer/switch means for transferring the output charges which are stored in plural storage means, successively to the second signal line; and

first and second scanning means for scanning each of the first and second switch means in a predetermined order.

12. A solid-state imaging device according to claim 11, wherein the selection/switch means is formed of a first MOS transistor, and the first, gate and second electrodes of the first MOS transistor are connected to the photoelectric conversion element, the first scanning means and the amplifier means, respectively, and

wherein the amplifier means is formed of a bipolar transistor, and the first, second and third electrodes of the bipolar transistor are connected to the first scanning means, the second electrode of the first MOS transistor, and the first signal line, respectively

13. A solid-state imaging device according to claim 11, wherein each of plural storage means is formed of a series combination of a first MOS transistor and a capacitive element connected to the second electrode of the second MOS transistor, the first electrode of the second MOS transistor is connected to the first signal line, and the second MOS transistor is turned on or off in accordance with the potential of a gate line connected to the gate electrode of the second MOS transistor, and

wherein the transfer/switch means is formed of a second MOS transistor, and the first, second and gate electrodes of the second MOS transistor are connected to the second electrode of the first MOS transistor, the second signal line and the second scanning means, respectively.

14. A solid-state imaging device according to claim 13, wherein two storage means are connected to the first signal line in parallel, and the output charges stored in two storage means are transferred to the second signal line independently of each other with the aid of the transfer/switch means.

15. A solid-state imaging device including a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements arranged so as to form a two-dimensional matrix for storing signal charges corresponding to incident light, amplifier means arranged in proximity to each of the photoelectric conversion elements for amplifying a signal charge which is stored in each photoelectric conversion element, and reset means for resetting the input of the amplifier means, wherein the output of the amplifier means at a time the input of the amplifier means is reset and the output of the amplifier means at a time the signal charge stored in the photoelectric conversion element is applied to the amplifier means, are separately stored in a pair of storage means, and the outputs of a plurality of pairs of storage means are successively scanned by scanning means.

16. A solid-state imaging device including a plurality of light receiving elements arranged so as to form a two-dimensional matrix, for converting incident light into an electric signal and for storing the electric signal, a plurality of amplifier means each disposed in proximity to a corresponding one of the light receiving elements for amplifying an electric signal which is stored in the light receiving element, output means for scanning the amplifier signals which are produced by plural amplifier means, to successively deliver the amplifier signals, and reset means for resetting a predetermined number of light receiving elements at the same time, wherein the output means includes a plurality of columns each having a plurality of storage capacitors, and wherein amplified output charges from the plurality of the amplifier means are simultaneously stored in the storage capacitors, and then the plural columns of the storage capacitors are scanned substantially simultaneously to parallelly read out the amplified output charges stored therein, to thereby deliver the amplified output charges successively.

17. A solid state imaging device comprising:

a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements arranged so as to form a two-dimensional matrix, for storing signal charges corresponding to incident light;

a plurality of first signal lines each for transferring amplified signals obtained by amplifying the signal charges stored in photoelectric conversion elements disposed in a predetermined column, in a column direction;

a plurality of first switch means each for transferring the signal charge stored in one of the photoelectric conversion elements to an associated first signal line, each first switch means including amplified means for amplifying the signal charge stored in the one photoelectric conversion elements into an amplified signal which is either a current signal or a voltage signal and for delivering the amplified signal to an associated first switch line, selection/switch means for selecting the one photoelectric conversion element to supply the signal charge of the selected photoelectric conversion element to the input part of the amplifier means, and reset means for resetting the electric charge in the input part of the amplifier means;

at least a second signal line for transferring the amplified signals supplied from the first signal lines to an output terminal;

a plurality of second switch means each for transferring the amplified signals on an associated first signal line to the second signal line, each second switch means including a plurality of storage means for storing the amplified signals of associated amplifier means as amplified signal charges both at a time the electric charge in the input part of associated amplifier means is reset by associated reset means and at a time the signal charge of associated photoelectric conversion element is applied to the associated amplifier means, and transfer/switch means for transferring the amplified signal charges stored in said plural storage means, successively to the second signal line; and

first and second scanning means for scanning each of the first and second switch means in a predetermined order.

18. A solid-state imaging device according to claim 17, wherein the selection/switch means is formed of a first MOS transistor, the first gate electrodes of the first MOS transistor are connected to the photoelectric conversion element and the first scanning means, respectively, and the second electrode of the first MOS transistor is connected to the amplifier means and the reset means,

wherein the amplifier means is formed of a second MOS transistor, and the first, gate and second electrodes of the second MOS transistor are connected to the first scanning means, the second electrode of the first MOS transistor, and the first signal line, respectively, and

wherein the reset means is formed of a third MOS transistor, the first electrode of the third MOS transistor is connected to the second electrode of the first MOS transistor, and the gate and second electrodes of the third MOS transistor are connected to the first scanning means.

19. A solid-state imaging device according to claim 17, wherein each of plural storage means is formed of a series combination of a first MOS transistor and a capacitive element connected to the second electrode of the first MOS transistor, the first electrode of the first MOS transistor is connected to the first signal line, and the first MOS transistor is turned on or off in accordance with the potential of a gate line connected to the gate electrode of the first MOS transistor, and

wherein the transfer/switch means is formed of a second MOS transistor, and the first, second, and gate electrodes of the second MOS transistor are connected to the second electrode of the first MOS transistor, the second signal line, and the second scanning means, respectively.

20. A solid-state imaging device according to claim 19, wherein two storage means are connected to each first signal line in parallel, and the amplified signal charges stored in two storage means are transferred to the second signal line independently of each other with the air of the transfer/switch means.

21. A solid-state imaging device according to claim 18, wherein the well of the second MOS transistor is connected to the second electrode of the second MOS transistor to keep the well and second electrode of the second MOS transistor at the same potential.

22. A solid-state imaging device according to claim 19, wherein a pair of second signal lines are used, four storage means are connected to the first signal line in parallel, amplified signal charges from two photoelectric conversion elements disposed in the predetermined column and in two predetermined adjacent rows of the matrix, are stored in four storage means in a horizontal blanking period, and the amplified signal charges stored in the four storage means are transferred to said pair of second signal lines independently of each other by means of the transfer/switch means, to perform a read operation for the pair of adjacent rows at once.

23. A solid-state imaging device comprising:

a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements arranged so as to form a two-dimensional matrix, for storing signal charges corresponding to incident light;

a plurality of first signal lines each transferring amplified signals obtained by amplifying the signal charges stored in photoelectric conversion elements disposed in a predetermined column, in a column direction;

a plurality of first switch means each for transferring the signal charge stored in one of the photoelectric conversion means including amplifier means for amplifying the signal charge stored in said one photoelectric conversion element into an amplified signal which is either a current signal or a voltage signal and for delivering the amplified signal charge to an associated first signal line, and reset means for resetting the electric charge in the input part of the amplifier means;

a second signal line for transferring the amplified signals supplied from the first signal lines, to an output terminal;

a plurality of second switch means each for transferring the amplified signals on an associated first signal line to the second signal line, each second switch means including a plurality of storage means for storing the amplified signals of each associated amplifier means as amplified signal charges both at a time the electric charge in the input part of the each associated amplifier means is reset by associated reset means and at a time the signal charge of associated photoelectric conversion element is applied to the each associated amplifier means, and transfer/switch means for transferring the amplified signal charges stored in said plural storage means, successively to the second signal line; and

first and second scanning means for scanning each of the first and second switch means in a predetermined order.

24. A solid-state imaging device according to claim 23, wherein each amplifier means is formed of a first MOS transistor, and the first, gate and second electrodes of the first MOS transistor are connected to the first scanning means, the photoelectric conversion element and the first signal line, respectively, and

wherein the reset means is formed of a second MOS transistor, the first electrode of the second MOS transistor is connected to the gate electrode of the first MOS transistor, and the gate and second electrodes of the second MOS transistor are connected to the first scanning means.

25. A solid-state imaging device according to claim 23, wherein each of plural storage means is formed of a series combination of a first MOS transistor and a capacitive element connected to the second electrode of the first MOS transistor, the first electrode of the first MOS transistor is connected to the first signal line, and the first MOS transistor is turned on or off in accordance with the potential of a gate line connected to the gate electrode of the first MOS transistor, and

wherein the transfer/switch means is formed of a second MOS transistor, and the first, second and gate electrodes of the second MOS transistor are connected to the second electrode of the first MOS transistor, the second signal line and the second scanning means, respectively.

26. A solid-state imaging device according to claim 25, wherein two storage means are connected to associated first signal lines in parallel, and amplified signal charges stored in the two storage means are transferred to the second signal line independently of each other with the aid of the transfer/switch means.

27. A solid-state imaging device comprising:

a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements arranged so as to form a two-dimensional matrix, for storing signal charges corresponding to incident light;

a plurality of first signal lines each for transferring amplified signals obtained by amplifying signal charges stored in photoelectric conversion elements disposed in a predetermined column, in a column direction;

a plurality of first switch means each for transferring the signal charge stored in one of the photoelectric conversion elements to an associated first signal line, each first switch means including amplifier means for amplifying the signal charge of the one photoelectric conversion element into an amplified signal which is either a current signal or a voltage signal and for delivering the amplified signal to an associated first signal line and resetting electric charge generated in the input part of the amplifier means, and selection/switch means for selecting the one photoelectric conversion element to supply the signal charge of the selected photoelectric conversion element to the input part of the amplifier means;

a second signal line for transferring the signal charges supplied from the first signal lines, to an output terminal;

a plurality of second switch means each for transferring the amplified signals on an associated first signal line to the second signal line, each second switch means including a plurality of storage means for storing the amplified signals of each associated amplifier means as amplified signal charge both at a time the electric charge in the input part of the each associated amplifier means is reset and at a time the signal charge of associated photoelectric conversion element is applied to the each associated amplifier means, and transfer/switch means for transferring the amplified signal charges stored in plural storage means, successively to the second signal line; and

first and second scanning means for scanning each of the first and second switch means in a predetermined order.

28. A solid-state imaging device according to claim 27, wherein each selection/switch means is formed of a first MOS transistor, and the first, gate and second electrodes of the first MOS transistor are connected to an associated photoelectric conversion element, the first scanning means and associated amplifier means, respectively, and wherein each amplifier means is formed of a bipolar transistor, and the first, second and third electrodes of the bipolar transistor are connected to the first scanning means, the second electrode of the first MOS transistor, and an associated first signal line, respectively.

29. A solid-state imaging device according to claim 27, wherein each of the plural storage means is formed of a series combination of a first MOS transistor and a capacitive element connected to the second electrode of the second MOS transistor, the first electrode of the second MOS transistor is connected to an associated first signal line, and the second MOS transistor is turned on or off in accordance with the potential of a gate line connected to the gate electrode of the second MOS transistor, and

wherein each transfer/switch means is formed of a second MOS transistor, and the first, second and gate electrodes of the second MOS transistor are connected to the second electrode of the first MOS transistor, the second signal line and the second scanning means, respectively.

30. A solid-state imaging device according to claim 29, wherein two storage means are connected to associated first signal lines in parallel, and amplified signal stored in the two storage means are transferred to the second signal line independently of each other with the aid of the transfer/switch means.