Apparatus for the measurement of interfacial tension
First Claim
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1. An apparatus for measuring interfacial tension between a gas phase and a liquid phase of a fluid by the pendant drop method comprising:
- a visual cell defining a cavity capable of supporting high pressures and temperatures;
plural drop forming means in said cell for forming drops of various sized and comprising a plurality of capillaries of varying sizes positioned within said cavity together with selective positioning means actuatable from outside of said cell for selectively positioning any of said capillaries into fluid-tight communication with an injection means for introducing a drop of the liquid phase into capillary positioned in registry therewith while maintaining existing superatmospheric pressure within the cell;
said selective positioning means comprising a substantially horizontal capillary-bearing turret rotatably mounted in said cell, wherein said capillaries are spaced from one another and circularly arranged on said turret substantially parallel to one another, and a shaft secured to said turret and projecting out of said cell and operable to rotate said turret;
recirculation means for recirculating the fluid phases through the cell; and
means for modulating the pressure within the cell.
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Abstract
An apparatus to measure interfacial tension of fluids in equilibrium and, more particularly, a liquid in equilibrium with a gaseous phase thereof using a pendant drop method, at superatmospheric pressure and elevated temeprature conditions. The apparatus includes a visual cell having an interchangeable, multiple capillary injection system, a double-piston pump which permits the drop'"'"'s injection into the cell without disturbing the experimental conditions, and an optical system comprising a photographic camera, a telemicroscope, and a lighting system.
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Citations
10 Claims
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1. An apparatus for measuring interfacial tension between a gas phase and a liquid phase of a fluid by the pendant drop method comprising:
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a visual cell defining a cavity capable of supporting high pressures and temperatures; plural drop forming means in said cell for forming drops of various sized and comprising a plurality of capillaries of varying sizes positioned within said cavity together with selective positioning means actuatable from outside of said cell for selectively positioning any of said capillaries into fluid-tight communication with an injection means for introducing a drop of the liquid phase into capillary positioned in registry therewith while maintaining existing superatmospheric pressure within the cell;
said selective positioning means comprising a substantially horizontal capillary-bearing turret rotatably mounted in said cell, wherein said capillaries are spaced from one another and circularly arranged on said turret substantially parallel to one another, and a shaft secured to said turret and projecting out of said cell and operable to rotate said turret;recirculation means for recirculating the fluid phases through the cell; and means for modulating the pressure within the cell. - View Dependent Claims (2)
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3. An apparatus for measuring interfacial tension between a gas phase and a liquid phase of a fluid by the pendant drop method comprising:
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a visual cell defining a cavity capable of supporting high pressures and temperatures; plural drop forming means in said cell for forming drops of various sizes; injection means for introducing a drop of the liquid phase into a plurality of said drop forming means while maintaining existing superatmospheric pressure within the cell, said injection means including a coacting piston means for simultaneously injecting a drop of liquid phase into said cell while withdrawing an equal volume of gas phase therefrom; recirculation means for recirculating the fluid phases through the cell; and means for modulating the pressure within the cell. - View Dependent Claims (4, 5, 6)
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7. In an apparatus for measuring interfacial tension between a less dense and a more dense fluid by pendant drop method and including a visual cell defining a cavity capable of supporting superatmospheric pressures and elevated temperatures, means for infusing the cell with a less dense fluid and introducing means for injecting a drop of a more dense fluid into the cell, a drop forming means that comprises:
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a capillary-bearing turret rotatably mounted in said cell at the top thereof and positioned within said cavity; a plurality of capillaries mounted on said turret with their respective drop-forming tips depending downwardly therefrom, said capillaries having varying dimensions and being adapted to form drops of various sizes; means for rotating said turret to selectively position each of said capillaries in operational fluid communication with said injection means while maintaining a predetermined pressure within said cell; a hollow plug having a through passageway mounted between said injection means and said capillary turret; and a resilient O-ring urging said plug against the turret to provide fluid tight communication with any of said capillaries and to wipe said turret free of fluid when the turret is rotated. - View Dependent Claims (8, 9, 10)
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Specification