Architecture for composing computational modules uniformly across diverse developmental frameworks

• US 4,943,932 A
• Filed: 04/15/1987
• Issued: 07/24/1990
• Est. Priority Date: 11/25/1986
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Teknowledge Corporation
• Original Assignee: Cimflex Teknowledge Corporation
• Inventors: Hayes-Roth, Frederick, Lark, Jay S., Fehling, Michael, Erman, Lee D.
• Primary Examiner(s): RUGGIERO, JOSEPH F
• Application Number:
  US07/038,872
• Time in Patent Office: 1,196 Days
• Field of Search: 364/513, 364/300, 364/200 MS File, 364/900 MS File, 382/14, 382/15
• US Class Current: 706/60
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 8/20 Software design

Abstract

A Multi-Level Architecture for developing intelligent computer systems composes computational modules uniformly across diverse developmental framework. The modules interact via message passing and are assembled to form application-specific systems. A first level of the Multi-Level Architecture includes a cooperative operating system which provides support for message passing and resource allocation and is preferably based on a module-oriented programming (MOP) model. The first level, for example, defines a virtual machine which is mapped onto an underlying hardware and operating system environment. A second level of the Multi-Level Architecture supports a plurality of application-independent problem-solving frameworks (PSF'"'"'s) or programming environments for building modules and combining modules of different frameworks into complex systems. A third level of Multi-Level Architecture includes a plurality of knowledge processing modules ranging from specialized modules to skeletal systems which provide nearly complete solutions to application problems. For building an application-specific system, domain-specific knowledge is added on top of the third level and typically a selected skeletal system is customized. Extension or refinement of the application-specific system is accomplished by replacing existing modules with more complex modules or by using additional modules. The Multi-Level Architecture is particularly useful for building a plan monitoring and replanning system which monitors whether an initially valid design remains valid prior to its implementation, incrementally modifies the design to insure validity despite changing conditions, applies control knowledge to control sequencing among the monitoring and replanning functions, and also applies knowledge to explain the nature of design failures.

Claims

1. A flexible computing system for developing application-specific computer systems, said flexible computing system comprising:

module production means for generating functioning modules by interpreting preselected descriptions of the functional characteristics of modules to be included in a desired application-specific computing system, and

module assembly means for generating said application-specific system by combining message passing means for intermodule communication along with the functioning modules generated by said module production means.

2. The flexible computing system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said module production means includes means for selecting module components by interpreting a preselected description of the functional characteristics of a module and means for combining the selected module components with a module controller for mediating interactions among said module components.

3. The flexible computing system as claimed in claim 2, wherein said means for combining the selected module components includes means for interconnecting said module controller and said selected module components via an intramodule communication network, and wherein said module controller includes means for controlling access to said intramodule communication network, means for controlling the execution of respective stored programs corresponding to the module components, means for storing and retrieving data local to the module, and means for mediating external communication with the module.

4. The flexible computing system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said module production means includes means for interpreting a description of the functional characteristicss of a module wherein said description is independent of the programming language framework in which the module is generated.

5. The flexible computing system as claimed in claim 4, wherein said module production means includes means for generating modules according to a selected one of a plurality of different programming language frameworks, and wherein said module assembly means includes means for combining modules of different programming language frameworks.

6. The flexible computing system as claimed in claim 5, further comprising framework editing means for editing a selected programming language framework to tailor it to the specific application.

7. The flexible computing system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said module production means includes means for generating modules according to a selected one of a plurality of different programming language frameworks, and wherein said module assembly means includes means for combining modules of different programming language frameworks.

8. The flexible computing system as claimed in claim 7, wherein a module of a first programming language framework is specified as a component of a module to be generated according to a second, different programming language framework, and wherein said module production means includes means for generating a module of the first programming language framework having embedded therein the specified modules of the second, different programming language framework.

9. The flexible computing system as claimed in claim 8, wherein said module production means includes means for selectively embedding said module of said second, different programming language framework either recursively in a new corresponding local environment or globally to provide simultaneous participation of said module of said second, different programming language framework when it is embedded in a number of different modules.

10. The flexible computing system as claimed in claim 8, wherein a plurality of modules are specified to be embedded in a module to be generated and the linking between the specified modules is described graphically, and wherein said module production means includes means for interpreting the graphical description of the linking to link the modules along correlated functions for combining of the modules with other module components and said module controller.

11. The flexible computing system as claimed in claim 8, wherein a plurality of modules are specified to be embedded in a module to be generated, and wherein said module production means includes means for interconnecting said modules for data communications using abstract data types wherein data is passed whenever one of the embedded modules produces an instance of abstract data type which conforms to a data input type requirement of another of the embedded modules, so that intermodule data communication is independent of data structure implementation.

12. The flexible computing system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said message passing means passes data according to abstract data types wherein data is passed whenever a module producing data produces an instance of an abstract data type which conforms to a data input type requirement of a recipient module, so that intermodule data communication is independent of data structure implementation.

13. The flexible computing system as claimed in claim 1, further comprising means for sequencing the execution of the modules within said application-specific system.

14. The flexible computing system as claimed in claim 1, further comprising means for assigning the modules within said application system to respective processors in a distributed processor computer for simultaneous execution of certain modules.

15. The flexible computing system as claimed in claim 1, further comprising module analysis means for identifying generated modules which fail to comply with predetermined conditions for the specific application, and module editing means for editing a module to comply with certain of said condition.

16. The flexible computing system as claimed in claim 15, wherein said module analysis means includes means for generating an explanation of the failure of a module to comply with said conditions.

17. The flexible computing system as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a collection of preexisting modules for performing various knowledge processing functions.

18. A computing system for producing a collection of executable modules which are capable of communicating with each other during execution according to a standard message-passing protocol, said computing system comprising a set of preexisting modules composed in a multiplicity of frameworks, and module production means for composing additional executable modules which are capable of communicating with each other and with said preexisting modules during execution according to said standard message-passing protocol, wherein said module production means composes said additional modules by combining selected ones of said preexisting modules, said selected ones of said preexisting modules including selected modules developed in different frameworks.

19. The computing system as claimed in claim 18, wherein said frameworks use different programming languages which describe system behavior in different ways.

20. The computing system as claimed in claim 18, wherein said frameworks use different connection topologies for connecting modules composed in the same framework.

21. The computing system as claimed in claim 18, wherein said module production means includes means for incorporating a new framework for composing said additional modules.

22. The computing system as claimed in claim 21, wherein said module production means includes a separate module production means for each of said frameworks, and said means for incorporating a new framework includes means for incorporating an additional module production means for said new framework.

23. The computing system as claimed in claim 21, wherein said means for incorporating a new framework includes means for modifying the connection topology of a selected one of said frameworks.

24. The computing system as claimed in claim 18, wherein said module production means composes additional executable modules which are capable of being combined by said module production means with selected ones of said preexisting modules which are developed in different frameworks in order to form new executable modules including said additional executable modules.

25. The computing system as claimed in claim 18, wherein said module production means includes means for composing an additional executable module having a specified functionality and for use in a specified one of a plurality of frameworks, wherein said functionality is specified independent of said specified frameworks.

26. The computing system as claimed in claim 18, wherein said module production means includes means for composing an additional executable module with a specified functionality in a multiplicity of frameworks so that the functionality is specified independent of its implementation.

27. The computing system as claimed in claim 18, wherein said module production means includes means for recursively composing said additional executable modules so that some of said additional executable modules are incorporated recursively as interacting objects within other of said additional executable modules.

28. The computing system as claimed in claim 18, wherein said module production means includes means for meshing interacting subsystems of modules to provide simultaneous participation of one module as a component of a plurality of modules.

29. The computing system as claimed in claim 18, wherein a plurality of modules are specified to be embedded in a module to be produced and the linking between specified modules is described graphically, and wherein said module production means includes means for interpreting the graphical description of the linking to link the modules along correlated functions for combining the modules.

30. The computing system as claimed in claim 18, wherein a plurality of modules are specified to be embedded in a module to be produced, and wherein said module production means includes means for interconnecting said modules for data communication using abstract data types wherein data are passed whenever one of the embedded modules produces an instance of abstract data type which conforms to a data input type requirement of another of the embedded modules, so that intermodule data communication is independent of data structure implementation.

31. The computing system as claimed in claim 18, further comprising module analysis means for identifying generated modules which fail to comply with predetermined conditions and module editing means for editing a module to comply with certain of said conditions.

32. The computing system as claimed in claim 31, wherein said module analysis means includes means for generating an explanation of the failure of a module to comply with said conditions.

33. A computing system for the development of an application-specific system comprising a collection of executable modules which are capable of communicating with each other during execution according to a standard message passing protocol, said computer system comprising:

means for composing modules using selected ones of a set of frameworks in which the modules are composable, said set of frameworks including a plurality of different frameworks, and

means for combining said modules, including modules composed in different ones of said frameworks, to form said collection of executable modules,

wherein said means for composing modules includes means for composing a desired module in a selected one of said frameworks by including in the desired module a specified pre-existing module developed by said means for composing in any of said frameworks, so that said modules are uniformly composable.

34. The computing system as claimed in claim 33, wherein said set of frameworks includes a multiplicity of different frameworks, and said computing system further comprises a multiplicity of preexisting modules for various knowledge processing functions.

35. The computing system as claimed in claim 33, wherein said frameworks use different programming languages.

36. The computing system as claimed in claim 33, wherein said frameworks use different connection topologies for connecting modules composed in the same framework.

37. The computing system as claimed in claim 33, wherein said means for composing modules includes means for incorporating a new framework.

38. The computing system as claimed in claim 37, wherein said means for composing modules includes a separate module composing means for each of said frameworks, and said means for incorporating a new framework includes means for incorporating an additional module composing means for said new framework.

39. The computing system as claim in claim 33, wherein said means for incorporating a new framework includes means for modifying the connection topology of a selected one of said frameworks.

40. The computing system as claimed in claim 33, wherein said means for composing modules includes means for specifying the functionality of a module to be composed independent of the framework selected for implementing the module.

41. The computing system as claimed in claim 33, wherein said means for composing modules includes means for recursively composing said modules so that some of said modules are incorporated recursively as interacting objects within other of said modules.

42. The computing system as claimed in claim 33, wherein said means for composing modules includes means for meshing interacting systems of said modules to provide simultaneous participation of one module as a component of a plurality of others of said modules.

43. The computing system as claimed in claim 33, wherein a plurality of modules are specified to be embedded in a module to be composed and the linking between specified modules is described graphically, and wherein said means for composing modules includes means for interpreting the graphical description of the linking to link the modules along correlated functions for combining the embedded modules.

44. The computing system as claimed in claim 33, wherein a plurality of modules are specified to be embedded in a module to be composed, and wherein said means for composing modules includes means for interconnecting said modules for data communication using abstract data types wherein data are passed whenever one of the embedded modules produces an instance of abstract data type which conforms to a data input type requirement of another of the embedded modules, so that intermodule data communication is independent of data structure implementation.

45. The computing system as claimed in claim 33, further comprising module analysis means for identifying composed modules which fail to comply with predetermined conditions, and module editing means for editing a module to comply with certain of said conditions.

46. The computing system as claimed in claim 45, wherein said module analysis means includes means for generating an explanation of the failure of a module to comply with said conditions.

47. The computing system as claimed in claim 33, wherein said means for composing modules includes means for selecting module components by interpreting a preselected description of the module and means for combining the selected module components with a module controller for mediating interactions among said module components.

48. The computing system as claimed in claim 47, wherein said means for combining the selected module components includes means for interconnecting said module controller and said selected module components via an intramodule communication network, and wherein said module controller includes means for controlling access to said intramodule communication network, means for controlling the execution of respective stored programs corresponding to the module components, means for storing and retrieving data local to the module, and means for mediating external communication with the module.

49. The computing system as claimed in claim 33, wherein said means for combining said modules includes means for combining message passing means for intermodule communication along with said modules composed in different frameworks.

50. A computing system for the development of an application-specific system comprising a collection of executable modules which are capable of communicating with each other during execution, said computer system comprising:

means for composing modules by combining specified module components in accordance with a predetermined framework, said framework providing an original connection topology for said module components, and

means for combining said modules to form said collection of executable modules,

wherein said means for composing modules includes means for modifying said connection topology to provide a new framework for composing modules.

51. The computing system as claimed in claim 50, wherein said means for composing includes means for combining, as module components, modules composed by said means for composing, including modules composed in both the original and the modified connection topology.

52. The computing system as claimed in claim 50, wherein said means for composing modules includes means for selecting module components by interpreting a preselected description of the functional characteristics of a module and means for combining the selected module components with a module controller for mediating interactions among said module components.

53. The computing system as claimed in claim 50, wherein said means for composing modules includes means for composing modules according to a selected one of a plurality of different programming language frameworks, and wherein said module assembly means includes means for combining modules of different programming language frameworks.

54. A computing system for the development of an application-specific system comprising a collection of executable modules which are capable of communicating with each other during execution, said computer system comprising:

means for composing modules by combining specified module components with a module controller in accordance with an original predetermined framework, said module controller including means for controlling access of the module components to an intramodule communication network and means for controlling the execution of stored programs corresponding to the module components, and

means for combining said modules to form said collection of executable modules,

wherein said means for composing modules includes means for modifying said module controller to provide a new framework for composing modules.

55. The computing system as claimed in claim 54, wherein said means for composing includes means for combining, as module components, modules composed by said means for composing, including modules composed in both the original and the modified connection topology.

56. The computing system as claimed in claim 54, wherein said means for composing modules includes means for selecting module components by interpreting a preselected description of the functional characteristics of a module and means for combining the selected module components with a module controller for mediating interactions among said module components.

57. The computing system as claimed in claim 54, wherein said means for composing modules includes means for composing modules according to a selected one of a plurality of different programming language frameworks, and wherein said module assembly means includes means for combining modules of different programming language frameworks.

58. A computing system for the development of an application-specific system comprising a collection of executable modules which are capable of communication with each other during execution, said computer system comprising:

means for composing modules by combining specified module components in accordance with specified ones of a multiplicity of frameworks, and

means for combining said modules, including modules composed according to different ones of said frameworks, to form said collection of executable modules,

wherein said means for composing includes means for combining, as module components, modules composed by said means for composing according to different frameworks, and said frameworks use different connection topologies for connecting module components; and

further comprising means for specifying the frameworks used for implementing the connection topologies for connecting the modules and module components.

59. A computing system for developing intelligent computer systems including collections of executable modules which interact via message passing, said computing system comprising, in combination:

a plurality of pre-programmed knowledge processing modules,

a plurality of application-independent problem-solving frameworks for building additional modules and combining modules of different frameworks, and

a cooperating operating system for supporting message passing and resource allocation among said knowledge processing modules and said additional modules.

60. The computing system as claimed in claim 59, wherein said pre-programmed knowledge processing modules include a skeletal system.

61. A computing system for monitoring a design, said computer system including a data base storing said design together with a model of the natural world, said design specifying an implementation in the natural world to achieve desired effects under assumed conditions,

means for updating said model of the natural world to reflect changed conditions at a plurality of points in time prior to implementation of said design in the natural world, and

means for monitoring said data base to test whether said design is capable of being implemented to achieve said desired effects under said changed conditions at said plurality of points in time.

62. The computing system as claimed in claim 61, wherein said design specifies a plan of action to be executed in the natural world.

63. The computing system as claimed in claim 61, wherein said design specifies a physical object to be manufactured in the natural world.

64. The computing system as claimed in claim 61, wherein said means for updating and said means for monitoring operate periodically to indicate when said design becomes incapable of being implemented to achieve said desired effects.

65. The computing system as claimed in claim 61, further comprising means for scheduling the monitoring of said data base to occur at predetermined times, and wherein said means for monitoring said data base is operated by said means for scheduling to determine whether said design is capable of being implemented at said predetermined times to achieve said desired effects under said changed conditions.

66. The computing system as claimed in claim 61, further comprising means for modifying said design when said means for monitoring determines that said design is incapable of being implemented to achieve said desired effects, so that said design is modified to be capable of being implemented to achieve said desired effects.

67. The computing system as claimed in claim 66, wherein said data base includes a knowledge base storing knowledge about how said means for modifying may modify said design in a manner requiring minimal perturbing changes to said design, and wherein said means for modifying includes means for interpreting said knowledge base so that said design is modified with minimal perturbing changes to said design.

68. The computing system as claimed in claim 61, wherein said design stored in said data base includes a set of related elements, said means for monitoring monitors a selected subset of said set of related elements to test whether said design is capable of being implemented to achieve said desired effects under said changed conditions, and further comprising means for analyzing said design to determine said selected subset of said set of related elements to be monitored by said means for monitoring.

69. The computing system as claimed in claim 68, wherein said selected subset selected by said means for analyzing determines prerequisites for actions that said design does not itself achieve.

70. The computing system as claimed in claim 69, further comprising means for translating said prerequisites for actions into database queries.

71. The computing system as claimed in claim 61, further comprising means for generating an explanation of why said design is incapable of being implemented when said means for monitoring determines that said design is incapable of being implemented to achieve said desired effects under said changed conditions.

72. The computing system as claimed in claim 71, wherein said explanation is expressed in a natural language.

73. A computer system for maintaining a design despite changing conditions so that said design is capable of being readily implemented in the natural world to achieve certain desired effects, said computer system including

a data base storing said design together with a model of the natural world,

means for updating said model of the natural world to reflect said changing conditions at a plurality of points in time before said design is implemented, and

means for incrementally modifying said design a plurality of times prior to implementation to reflect said changing conditions at said plurality of points in time so that said design is modified to be readily capable of being implemented to achieve said desired effects.

74. The computing system as claimed in claim 73, wherein said data base includes a knowledge base storing knowledge about how said means for modifying may modify said design in a manner requiring minimal perturbing changes to said design, and wherein said means for modifying includes means for interpreting and applying said knowledge.

75. The computing system as claimed in claim 73, further comprising means for analyzing the nature of the changes in said design effected by said means for modifying so that the design changes are identified.

76. The computing system as claimed in claim 75, further comprising means for generating an explanation of the identified design changes.

77. A computing system including modular software for monitoring and successively modifying a design to reflect changing conditions so that said design is capable of being readily implemented in the natural world to obtain certain desired effects despite changing conditions, said computing system also including a data base storing said design together with a model of the natural world, said modular software including modules for monitoring said data base to test whether said design is capable of being implemented to achieve said desired effects under said changing conditions, and for modifying said design when said design is found to be incapable of being implemented to achieve said desired conditions.

78. The computing system as claimed in claim 77, wherein said modules include a module for monitoring said data base, and a module for incrementally modifying said design.

79. The computing system as claimed in claim 77, wherein said modules are replaceable functional units.

80. The computing system as claimed in claim 77, wherein at least one of the modules internally uses different kinds of architecture and control procedures.

81. The computing system as claimed in claim 77, wherein abstract data types are used for interfaces between said modules.

82. A computing system including a modular software architecture for monitoring and successively modifying a design to reflect changing conditions so that said design is capable of being readily implemented in the natural world to obtain certain desired effects despite changing conditions, said computing system including a data base storing said design together with a model of the natural world, said modular software including modules for monitoring said data base and for modifying said design to reflect changing conditions, wherein said modular architecture includes control knowledge which is interpreted and applied for flexible control of the sequence of execution of the software modules.

83. The computing system as claimed in claim 82, wherein at least one of the modules internally uses different kinds of architecture and control frameworks.

84. The computing system as claimed in claim 82, wherein said modules include an assumption analyst for determining critical assumptions of the design, a situation monitor for monitoring the data base to determine whether the critical assumptions are true, a failure explainer for explaining failures in the design when the critical assumptions are false, an incremental replanner for modifying the design when the critical assumptions are false, and a change analyst for comparing the modified design to the design before modification to identify and describe the modifications made to the design.