Formation of alumina impregnated carbon fiber mats

• US 4,944,991 A
• Filed: 07/08/1988
• Issued: 07/31/1990
• Est. Priority Date: 07/08/1988
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Electric Power Research Institute Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Electric Power Research Institute
• Inventors: Powers, Robert W., Karas, Bradley R.
• Primary Examiner(s): Robinson, Ellis P.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Turner, Archene A.
• Application Number:
  US07/216,890
• Time in Patent Office: 753 Days
• Field of Search: 428/408, 428/283, 428/329, 428/902, 428/242, 428/328, 427/113, 427/226, 427/343, 204/291, 204/294
• US Class Current: 428/408
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/3909 Sodium-sulfur cells
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/66 Selection of materials
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/663 containing carbon or carbonaceous materials as conductive part, e.g. graphite, carbon fibres
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 428/902 High modulus filament or fiber
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/256 Heavy metal or aluminum or compound thereof
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/257 Iron oxide or aluminum oxide
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/30 Self-sustaining carbon mass or layer with impregnant or other layer
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 442/2033 Coating or impregnation formed in situ [e.g., by interfacial condensation, coagulation, precipitation, etc.]

Abstract

A process for the formation of alumina containing carbon fiber mats is provided. The process comprises dispersing an alumina precursor solution in the mat, converting the precursor to an insoluble hydroxide precipitate and hydrolizing the precipitate to form alumina nodules dispersed throughout the mat. Also provided is an alumina containing carbon fiber mat comprising carbon fibers and nodules of alumina, which are substantially uniformly dispersed throughout the mat, and a sodium sulfur cell having a sulfur compartment containing such a mat.

Claims

1. A process for the formation of an alumina containing carbon fiber mat comprising:

a. dispersing an alumina precursor solution in said mat;

b. converting said dispersed alumina precursor to an insoluble hydroxide precipitate; and

c. pyrolizing said aluminum hydroxide precipitate to form alumina nodules dispersed throughout said mat.

2. The process according to claim 1 wherein said alumina nodules are adhered to said mat.

3. The process according to claim 1 wherein said alumina precursor is an aluminum salt.

4. The process according to claim 3 wherein said aluminum salt is selected from the group consisting of aluminum sulfate, aluminum nitrate, aluminum acetate and aluminum formate.

5. The process according to claim 3 wherein said aluminum salt is aluminum sulfate.

6. The process according to claim 1 wherein said alumina precursor is an aluminum alkoxide.

7. The process according to claim 6 wherein said aluminum alkoxide is diluted with an organic solvent before dispersion in said mat.

8. The process according to claim 6 wherein said aluminum alkoxide is aluminum sec-butoxide.

9. The process according to claim 6 wherein said aluminum alkoxide is aluminum iso-propoxide.

10. The process according to claim 3 wherein said aluminum salt is converted to said insoluble hydroxide by the addition of a cationic hydroxide.

11. The process according to claim 10 wherein said cationic hydroxide is ammonium hydroxide.

12. The process according to claim 6 wherein said aluminum alkoxide is converted to said insoluble hydroxide by heating.

13. The process according to claim 12 wherein said heating is performed by contact with steam.

14. The process according to claim 1 additionally comprising the step of drying said mat after precipitating said aluminum hydroxide.

15. The process according to claim 1 wherein step (a) is performed by submerging said mat in said alumina precursor solution.

16. The process according to claim 14 additionally comprising the step of applying a vacuum to said mat after submersion in said alumina precursor solution.

17. An alumina containing carbon fiber mat formed by the process of claims 1 or 12.

18. An alumina containing carbon fiber mat comprising carbon fibers and nodules of alumina, said nodules being formed by dispersing an aluminum hydroxide throughout said mat, precipitating said aluminum hydroxide and pyrolizing said aluminum hydroxide to form alumina nodules within said mat.

19. A carbon mat comprising carbon fibers and nodules of alumina, said nodules being substantially uniformly dispersed throughout said mat.

20. The carbon mat according to claim 19 wherein said nodules are between about 10 and 300 microns in diameter.

21. The carbon mat according to claim 20 wherein said nodules adhere to said carbon fibers.

22. A sodium sulfur cell having a sulfur compartment containing a mat, said mat comprising carbon fibers and nodules of alumina dispersed substantially uniformly among said fibers.

23. The cell of claim 22 wherein said nodules adhere to said fibers.

24. The cell of claim 23 wherein said nodules fall in the range of about 10 to 300 microns in diameter.

25. The cell of claim 24 having an electrical resistivity substantially equivalent to a sulfur cell not containing a carbon fiber mat.