Sample-and-hold digital phase-locked loop for ask signals

• US 4,947,407 A
• Filed: 08/08/1989
• Issued: 08/07/1990
• Est. Priority Date: 08/08/1989
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Pacesetter Incorporated (Abbott Laboratories)
• Original Assignee: Siemens Pacesetter, Inc. (Abbott Laboratories)
• Inventors: Silvian, Sergiu
• Primary Examiner(s): Olms, Douglas W.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Chin, Stephen
• Application Number:
  US07/391,215
• Time in Patent Office: 364 Days
• Field of Search: 375/39, 375/41, 375/42, 375/94, 375/96, 375/75, 329/304, 329/317, 329/347, 340/825.77, 128/419 R, 128/419 P, 128/419 PG
• US Class Current: 375/340
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3727 characterised by the modulation technique
• CPC Class Codes: H03L 7/0993 and a circuit for adding and deleting pulses
• CPC Class Codes: H03L 7/14 for assuring constant frequency when supply or correction voltages fail or are interrupted
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 27/066 Carrier recovery circuits H04L27/2271 takes precedence

Abstract

A digital phase-locked looped generates a clock signal synchronized with a carrier signal modulated by amplitude shift keying (ASK). During periods when no carrier signal is present, the generated clock signal coasts at the frequency of the carrier signal most recently present, rather than trying to phase-lock on noise. A binary controlled digital oscillator generates the clock signal. A phase detector determines the difference between the phase of the carrier signal, when present, and the local clock signal. When the average amplitude of the carrier signal exceeds a prescribed threshold level, the phase detector output is sampled and passed to an integrator circuit, where the phase difference is integrated. The output of the integrator circuit is applied to a pulse generator, causing the pulse generator'"'"'s duty cycle to change proportionally. In turn, the pulses are applied to the binary controlled digital oscillator, causing the frequency of the local clock signal to shift in a direction that minimizes the phase error between the local clock signal and the carrier signal. When the average amplitude of the carrier signal is less than the prescribed threshold level, the phase detector output is not smapled. In such case, the output of the integrator circuit remains at the value obtained from the most recent prior phase detector sample.

Claims

1. In a communication channel between an implanted device and a non-implanted device wherein an amplitude shift keyed (ASK) data signal is generated in one and received in the other of said implanted and non-implanted devices, a first binary state being indicated within said generated ASK data signal by the presence of a carrier signal, and a second binary state being indicated within said generated ASK data signal by the absence of said carrier signal, said generated ASK data signal comprising a data stream of binary bits, where each binary bit comprises a prescribed number of periods of said carrier signal during which said generated ASK data signal assumes either said first or second binary state, demodulation apparatus for demodulating said received ASK data signal comprising:

means for generating a clock signal that is phase-locked with the carrier signal of said received ASK data signal when said carrier signal is present within said received ASK data signal, and that is phase-locked to the carrier signal that was most recently present within said received ASK data signal when said carrier signal is absent from said received ASK data signal; and

decision means synchronized with said clock signal for;

(1) determining whether said received ASK data signal indicates a first binary state, and if so for how many periods of said clock signal said first binary state continues, and (2) determining whether said received ASK data signal indicates a second binary sate, and if so for how many periods of said clock signal said second binary state continues;

whereby said data stream of binary bits within said generated ASK data signal can be recreated from said received ASK data signal by said demodulation apparatus.

2. The demodulation apparatus as set forth in claim 1 wherein said clock signal generating means comprises:

means for generating a local clock signal that has a frequency approximately equal to the frequency of said carrier signal within said received ASK data signal, the frequency of said local clock signal being adjustable as controlled by a control signal;

means for measuring a phase error between said local clock signal and said carrier signal;

sampling means for sampling the phase error between said carrier signal and said local clock signal at least once curing each period of said carrier signal only when said carrier signal is present within said received ASK data signal;

integrating means for integrating the most recent sampled phase error obtained from said sampling means and for holding the resulting integrated sampled phase error until said sampling means again samples the phase error between said carrier signal and said clock signal, an output signal of said integrating means thereby comprising the integral of the most recent sampled phase error presented to the input of said integrating means;

means responsive to said output signal of said integrating means for generating said control signal, said control signal being applied to said local clock signal generation means to adjust the frequency thereof in a direction that minimizes the phase error between said local clock signal and said carrier signal;

whereby said local clock signal assumes a frequency that is phase-locked to the carrier signal included within said received ASK data signal when said carrier signal is present within said received ASK data signal, and that assumes a frequency that is phase-locked to the carrier signal that was most recently present within said received ASK data signal when said carrier signal is absent from said received ASK data signal.

3. Demodulation apparatus as set forth in claim 2 wherein said sampling means includes detection means for determining an average amplitude of the carrier signal within said received ASK data signal, and for detecting when the average amplitude of said carrier signal exceeds a prescribed threshold level.

4. Demodulation apparatus as set forth in claim 2 wherein said local clock signal generating means comprises a binary controlled digital oscillator, said binary controlled digital oscillator providing said local clock signal as an output signal, the frequency of said local clock signal being controllable by a binary control signal having one of two levels, the local clock signal increasing in frequency in response to one level of said binary control signal and decreasing in frequency in response to the other level of said binary control signal;

and further wherein said control signal generating means generates said binary control signal to assume one of said first or second levels depending upon whether the frequency of said local clock signal should increase or decrease in order to minimize the phase error between said clock signal and said carrier signal.

5. Demodulation apparatus as set forth in claim 4 wherein said control signal generating means causes said binary control signal to assume a duty cycle that is substantially equal to 50% when the phase error between the carrier signal and the local clock signal is substantially zero, and to assume a duty cycle greater than 50% when the phase error is of one polarity, and to assume a duty cycle less than 50% when the phase error is of the opposite polarity.

6. Demodulation apparatus as set forth in claim 5 wherein the output signal of said integrating means comprises an analog voltage that may assume any value between a range of maximum and minimum values, and wherein said control signal generating means comprises a voltage-to-pulse width converter circuit providing an output pulsed signal having a duty cycle that is proportional to the value of said analog voltage.

7. Apparatus for generating a clock signal that is phase-locked with an amplitude modulated (AM) carrier signal, and apparatus comprising:

means for generating a lock clock signal that has a frequency approximately equal to the frequency of said carrier signal, the frequency of said local clock signal being adjustable as controlled by a control signal;

phase detector means for detecting the phase error between said carrier signal and said local clock signal;

means for determining an average amplitude of said AM carrier signal and comparing said average amplitude to a prescribed value;

sampling means for sampling the phase error detected by said phase detector means at least once during each period of said carrier signal only when the average amplitude of said AM carrier signal exceeds said prescribed value, whereby the phase error is not sampled when the average amplitude of said AM carrier signal is less than said prescribed value;

integrating means for integrating the most recent sampled phase error obtained from said sampling means and for holding the resulting integrated sampled phase error until said sampling means again samples the phase error between said input signal and said clock signal, and output signal of said integrating means thereby comprising the integral of the most recent sampled phase error presented to the input of said integrating means; and

means responsive to said output signal of said integrating means for generating said control signal, said control signal being applied to said local clock signal generation means to adjust the frequency thereof in a direction that minimizes the phase error between said local clock signal and said AM carrier signal.

8. Apparatus as set forth in claim 7 wherein said AM carrier signal is modulated with digital data, said AM carrier signal assuming one of two possible amplitudes, a first amplitude representing one state of said digital data, and a second amplitude representing another state of said digital data, and further wherein said prescribed value associated with said sampling means lies between said first and second amplitudes, whereby said phase error is sampled if the digital data modulating said AM carrier signal is of one state, and the phase error is not sampled if the digital data modulating the AM carrier signal is of the other state.

9. Apparatus as set forth in claim 8 wherein- said first amplitude of said digital AM carrier signal comprises zero and said second amplitude comprises a peak amplitude value, whereby said digital AM carrier signal comprises an amplitude shift keyed (ASK) signal wherein the presence of said carrier signal at said peak amplitude value indicates one state of said digital data, and the absence of said carrier signal indicates the other state of said digital data, said prescribed value associated with said sampling means comprising a value that is greater than 50% of said peak amplitude value.

10. Apparatus as set forth in claim 9 wherein said prescribed value associated with said sampling means comprises a value that is at least 70% of said peak amplitude value.

11. Apparatus as set forth in claim 7 wherein said sampling means comprises

means for generating an AM demodulated signal that assumes a value that substantially follows the peak values of the AM carrier signal;

threshold means for comparing said AM demodulated signal to said prescribed value and for generating an enabling pulsed signal at least once during each period of said local clock signal when said AM demodulated signal exceeds said prescribed value; and

switch means responsive to said enabling pulsed signal for momentarily connecting the output of said phase detector means to said integrating means.

12. Apparatus as set forth in claim 11 wherein said threshold means also generates a disabling pulsed signal at least once during each period of said local clock signal when said AM demodulated signal is less than said prescribed value, and further wherein said switch means momentarily connects the output of said phase detector means to a ground potential in response to said disabling pulsed signal.

13. Apparatus as set forth in claim 11 wherein said phase detector means comprises:

a flip flop circuit that changes to a first state in synchrony with each transition of said local clock signal, and that is reset to a second state in synchrony with each zero crossing of said AM carrier signal, said first and second states being manifest by a flip flop output voltage that alternates between a low level and a high level; and

an integrating filter coupled to the output of said flip flop circuit, said integrating filter including a first capacitor that stores an electrical charge associated with the output voltage levels assumed by said flip flop circuit, said electrical charge ramping to a positive peak value in response to a change in the flip flop output voltage from a low level to a high level, and ramping to a negative peak value in response to a change in the flip flop output voltage from a high level to a low level.

14. Apparatus as set forth in claim 13 wherein said switch means transfers the charge on said first capacitor at the time of said enabling pulsed signal to an input of said integrating means.

15. Apparatus as set forth in claim 7 wherein said means for generating said local clock signal comprises a binary controlled digital oscillator, said binary controlled digital oscillator providing said local clock signal as an output signal, the frequency of said local clock signal being controllable by a binary control signal having one of two levels, the local clock signal increasing in frequency in response to one level of said binary control signal and decreasing in frequency in response to the other level of said binary control signal;

and further wherein said control signal generating means generates said binary control signal to assume one of said first or second levels depending upon whether the frequency of said local clock signal should increase or decrease in order to minimize the phase error between said clock signal and said carrier signal.

16. Apparatus as set forth in claim 15 wherein said control signal generating means causes said binary control signal to assume a duty cycle that is substantially equal to 50% when the phase error between the carrier signal and the local clock signal is substantially zero, and to assume a duty cycle greater than 50% when the phase error is of one polarity, and to assume a duty cycle less than 50% when the phase error is of the opposite polarity.

17. Apparatus as set forth in claim 16 wherein the output signal of said integrating means comprises an analog voltage that may assume any value between a range of maximum and minimum values, and wherein said control signal generating means comprises a voltage-to-pulse width converter circuit, said voltage-to-pulse width converter circuit providing an output pulsed signal having a duty cycle that is proportional to the value of said analog voltage.

18. Apparatus as set forth in claim 17 wherein said binary controlled digital oscillator comprises:

a reference oscillator that produces a continuous reference signal having a fixed frequency f1;

a random walk filter that divides said reference signal by an amount 2+(1/k) whenever said output pulsed signal from said voltage-to-pulse width converter circuit assumes one level, and by an amount 2-(1/k) whenever said output pulsed signal assumes another level, where k is a selectable division factor; and

a counter circuit that divides the output signal from said random walk filter by an integral number in order to produce said local clock signal.

19. Apparatus as set forth in claim 18 wherein said fixed frequency f1 of said reference oscillator comprises 2.097 MHz;

and the frequency of said local clock signal and said carrier signal comprises 8192 kHz.

20. A sample-and-hold digital phase-locked circuit for providing a local clock signal that is phase-locked to a carrier signal included within an amplitude shift keying (ASK) input signal, comprising:

binary controlled digital oscillator means for generating said local clock signal;

pulse generator means for generating a binary signal that controls said binary controlled digital oscillator as a function of a first input signal;

phase detector means for measuring the phase error between said local clock signal and said input ASK signal;

threshold means for determining an average amplitude of the carrier signal within said ASK input signal and comparing said average amplitude to a prescribed threshold;

sampling means for sampling the phase error measured by said phase detector means at least once during each cycle of said local clock signal when the average amplitude of said carrier signal exceeds said prescribed threshold; and

integrator means for integrating said sampled phase error from said sampling means, said integrated sampled phase error obtained from said integrator means comprising said first input signal applied to said pulse generator, said first input signal being applied to said pulse generator until said sampling means provides a new sample of the phase error to said integrator means.

21. A method for extracting a clock signal that is phase-locked with an input signal modulated by amplitude shift keying (ASK) comprising the steps of:

(a) generating a local clock signal having a frequency that varies as a function of a control signal;

(b) detecting the phase difference between the ASK input signal and the local clock signal;

(c) generating an error signal as a function of the phase difference detected in step (b);

(d) comparing the amplitude of the ASK input signal with a prescribed threshold value;

(e) sampling said error signal only when the amplitude of the ASK input signal exceeds said prescribed threshold value;

(f) integrating said sampled error signal;

(g) generating said control signal as a function of the integrated sampled error signal as a step (f) and maintaining the value of said control signal at a substantially constant value until the error signal is again sampled; and

(h) adjusting the frequency of said local clock signal as a function of the value of said control signal.

22. The method as set forth in claim 21 wherein step (g) further includes converting said constant value control signal to a pulsed signal having a duty cycle that varies as a function of said control signal, and step (h) includes adjusting the frequency of said local signal as a function of the duty cycle of said pulsed signal.

23. The method as set forth in claim 22 wherein step (a) includes generating a stable reference signal, dividing said stable reference signal by an amount 2+(1/k) when said pulsed signal assumes a first value, and by an amount 2-(1/kz) when said control signal assumes a second value, where k is a programmable integer, the output signal resulting from said division comprising a source signal for said local clock signal.

24. The method as set forth in claim 21 wherein step (e) comprises generating an AM demodulated signal from said ASK input signal, applying said AM demodulated signal to a threshold detector, generating a first strobe signal once each cycle of said local clock signal only when said AM demodulated signal exceeds said prescribed threshold as determined by said threshold detector, and using said first strobe signal to sample said error signal.

25. The method as set forth in claim 24 wherein the step of using said strobe signal to sample said error signal comprises applying said strobe signal to a switch circuit that switchably connects said error signal to an integrator circuit for the duration of said first strobe signal.

26. The method as set forth in claim 24 further including generating a second strobe signal once each cycle of said local clock signal when said AM demodulated signal is less that said prescribed threshold as determined by said threshold detector, and using said second strobe signal to connect said error signal to ground for the duration of said second strobe signal.