Method and apparatus for self-restoring and self-provisioning communication networks

• US 4,956,835 A
• Filed: 10/19/1988
• Issued: 09/11/1990
• Est. Priority Date: 11/06/1987
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Telecommunications Research Laboratories
• Original Assignee: Telecommunications Research Laboratories
• Inventors: Grover, Wayne D.
• Primary Examiner(s): Griffin, Robert L.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Chin, Wellington
• Application Number:
  US07/255,748
• Time in Patent Office: 692 Days
• Field of Search: 370/16, 370/13, 370/88, 370/58, 370/60, 371/8, 379/4, 379/22
• US Class Current: 370/228
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 2203/0042 Ring
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 2203/006 Fault tolerance and recovery
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 3/085 for ring networks, e.g. SDH/SONET rings, self-healing rings, meashed SDH/SONET networks
• CPC Class Codes: H04Q 2213/13141 Hunting for free outlet, circuit or channel
• CPC Class Codes: H04Q 2213/13167 Redundant apparatus
• CPC Class Codes: H04Q 3/0016 Arrangements providing connection between exchanges
• CPC Class Codes: H04Q 3/0079 involving restoration of networks, e.g. disaster recovery, self-healing networks

Abstract

A method and apparatus of restoring communications between a pair of nodes in a network having an arbitrary number of nodes and an arbitrary number of spans interconnecting the nodes, each span having working circuits between nodes designated for transmitting actual communications traffic and spare circuits capable of, but not designated for, transmitting actual communications traffic, the method comprising the steps of (a) establishing one or more independent communication paths between the pair of nodes through a series of spare circuits of spans interconnecting the pair of nodes and other interconnected nodes in the network; and (b) redirecting communications traffic intended for one or more failed spans interconnecting the pair of nodes through one or more of the paths.

Claims

1. A method of restoring communications between a pair of nodes in a network having an arbitrary number of nodes and an arbitrary number of spans interconnecting said nodes, each said span having working circuits between nodes designated for transmitting actual communications traffic and spare circuits between nodes capable of, but not designated for, transmitting actual communications traffic, said method comprising the steps of:

(a) establishing one or more independent communication paths between said pair of nodes through a series of spare circuits of spans interconnecting said pair of nodes and other interconnected nodes in said network, including the steps of;

i. repeatedly transmitting restoration signals along logical spans of spare circuits departing said one node;

ii. repeatedly retransmitting said restoration signals from said other interconnected nodes along logical spans of spare circuits departing said interconnected nodes; and

iii. upon receipt of a restoration signal by said other node, transmitting a complement restoration signal from said other node along a path consisting of the same spare circuits along which said restoration signal was communicated to said other node; and

(b) redirecting communications traffic intended for one or more failed spans interconnecting said pair of nodes through one or more of said paths.

2. A method as defined in claim 1, including the step of identifying spare circuits at said one node and allocating a distinct restoration signal to each identified spare circuit.

3. A method as defined in claim 1, wherein said repeatedly transmitting step includes repeatedly transmitting said signals along each logical span of spare circuits departing said one node up to the minimum of either the number of circuit restorations required or the number of spare circuits available to said one node.

4. A method as defined in claim 1, further including the step of continuing to respond, at said other node of said pair of nodes, to restoration signals until the number complement restoration signals equals the number of failed working circuits or until no more spare circuits are available at said other node of said pair of nodes.

5. A method as defined in claim 1, each said restoration signal and its complement restoration signal including an attribute representative of a particular one of said paths.

6. A method as defined in claim 1, each said signal including an attribute representative of the number of spans and/or linking nodes in each said path at any given point along said path.

7. A method as defined in claim 1, each said restoration signal and its complement restoration signal including a first attribute representative of a particular one of said paths and a second attribute representative of the number of spans and/or linking nodes in each said path at any given point along said path.

8. A method as defined in claim 7, each said restoration signal and its complement restoration signal including third and fourth attributes identifying said one and said other of said pair of nodes.

9. A method as defined in claim 8, each said restoration signal and its complement restoration signal including a fifth attribute representative of a network-wide identification of the node originating said signals.

10. A method as defined in claim 1, further including the step of:

(a) designating one of said nodes as a SENDER node from which said restoration signals will originate and the other of said pair of nodes as a CHOOSER from which said complement restoration signals will originate.

11. A method as defined in claim 10, wherein said designating step being on the basis of an ordinal test.

12. A method of restoring communications between a pair of nodes in a network having an arbitrary number of nodes and an arbitrary number of spans interconnecting said nodes, each said span having working circuits between nodes designated for transmitting actual communications traffic and spare circuits between nodes capable of, but not designated for, transmitting actual communications traffic, said method comprising the steps of:

(a) designating one of said nodes of said pair of nodes as a SENDER node and the other of said pair of nodes as a CHOOSER node;

(b) establishing one or more independent communication paths between said SENDER node and said CHOOSER node through a series of spare circuits of spans interconnecting said SENDER and CHOOSER nodes with other nodes in said network, including the steps of;

i. repeatedly transmitting restoration signals along each logical span of spare circuits departing said SENDER node up to the minimum of either the number of circuit restorations required or the number of spare circuits available to said SENDER node;

ii. repeatedly retransmitting said restoration signals from said other nodes along each logical span of spare circuits departing said other nodes;

iii. upon receipt of a restoration signal by said other node, transmitting a complement restoration signal from said CHOOSER node along the logical span of the spare circuit upon which said restoration signal was received;

iv. retransmitting said complement restoration signals from said other nodes along the logical span of the spare circuits on which said restoration was received and connecting the port upon which said restoration signal was received with the port upon which said complement restoration signal was received whereby to permit communications traffic therebetween;

each said restoration signal and its complement restoration signal including a first attribute representative of a network-wide identification of the node originating said signals, a second attribute identifying either said SENDER node or said CHOOSER node as a SOURCE node, a third attribute identifying either said CHOOSER node or said SENDER node as a TARGET node, a fourth attribute representative of a particular one of said paths, and a fifth, incrementable attribute representative of the number of spans and/or linking nodes in each said path at any given point along said path; and

(c) redirecting, through one or more of said paths, communications traffic received at input ports of each of said SENDER and CHOOSER nodes and intended for transmission through one or more failed spans interconnecting said SENDER and CHOOSER nodes.

13. A method as defined in claim 12, including the step of identifying spare circuits at said one node and allocating a distinct restoration signal to each identified spare circuit.

14. A method as defined in claim 13, wherein said restoration signals transmitted along said spare circuits departing said SENDER node differ from one another only by the value of said fourth attribute.

15. A method as defined in claim 13, wherein said retransmitting steps including the step of incrementing said fifth attribute of received signals prior to retransmitting said signals.

16. A method as defined in claim 13, further including the step of rejecting at either said other nodes or said CHOOSER node any received signal whose fifth attribute exceeds a predetermined value.

17. A method as defined in claim 13, storing at each other node the first received restoration signal with a particular fourth attribute and rejecting any other received restoration signals having said particular fourth attribute.

18. A method as defined in claim 13, storing at each other node the first received restoration with a particular fourth attribute, rejecting any other received restoration having the same first to fourth attributes but a larger fifth attribute and replacing said stored signal with any new restoration signal having the same first to fourth attributes but a smaller fifth attribute.

19. A method of restoring communications between a pair of nodes, between which communications have been broken, in a network having an arbitrary number of nodes and an arbitrary number of spans interconnecting said nodes, each said span having working circuits between nodes designated for transmitting actual communications traffic and spare circuits between nodes capable of but, not designated for, the transmission of actual communications traffic, said method comprising the steps of:

(a) upon occurrence of a communication failure in one or more circuits in one or more spans between said pair of nodes, designating one of said pair of nodes a SENDER node and the other of said pair of nodes a CHOOSER node;

(b) repeatedly transmitting restoration signals on the outgoing transmission link of one or more spare circuits departing from said SENDER node, each said restoration signal including the identity of said SENDER node, the identity of said CHOOSER node, an INDEX value representative of the identity of a complete, independent route between said SENDER and said CHOOSER nodes starting at the spare circuit departing said SENDER node along which said signal is transmitted, and a predetermined initial REPEAT value;

(c) upon receipt of one of said restoration signals at a TANDEM node;

i. determining whether said TANDEM node is already transmitting a restoration signal having the same INDEX value as the just received restoration signal;

ii. ignoring any restoration signal having the same INDEX value as that of a signal said node is already transmitting;

iii. if said node is not already transmitting a restoration signal having the same INDEX value, producing a modified restoration signal by incrementing said repeat value of said restoration signal and repeatedly transmitting said modified restoration signal along spare links departing said TANDEM node;

(d) upon receipt of a modified restoration signal at said CHOOSER node, repeatedly transmitting a complement restoration signal from said CHOOSER node back through the same spare circuit along which said modified restoration signature was received, said restoration signal including the identity of said CHOOSER node, an INDEX value equal to the INDEX value of said modified restoration signal, and a predetermined initial REPEAT value;

(e) upon receipt of a complement restoration signal at a TANDEM node;

i. operatively connecting the port upon which said complement restoration signal was received with the port on which its corresponding restoration signal was received whereby to permit communications traffic therebetween; and

ii. incrementing the repeat value of said complement restoration signal and transmitting the modified complement restoration signal back through the spare circuit along which said corresponding restoration signal was received; and

(f) upon receipt of a modified complement restoration signal at said SENDER node, operatively connecting the port containing communications traffic intended for one of said failed circuits to the port on which said modified complement signature was received.

20. A method as defined in claim 19, including the step of identifying spare circuits at said one node and allocating a distinct restoration signal to each identified spare circuit.

21. A method as defined in claim 20, wherein said step of designating one of said pair of nodes a SENDER node and the other of said pair of nodes a CHOOSER node being on the basis of an ordinal test conducted independently at each said SENDER and CHOOSER nodes.

22. A method as defined in claim 21, further including the step of storing, at each said SENDER, TANDEM and CHOOSER nodes, received and transmitted signals in respective received and transmitted signal storage registers and the identity of the port of upon which each said signals was received and transmitted.

23. A method as defined in claim 22, wherein step (c) further includes the step of ignoring any restoration signal whose REPEAT value is greater than a predetermined value.

24. A method as defined in claim 23, wherein step (d) further includes the step of ignoring any modified restoration signal whose REPEAT value is greater than a predetermined value.

25. A method as defined in claim 24, wherein step (c)(ii) further includes the steps of ignoring a restoration signal having the same INDEX value and the same or greater REPEAT value as that of any restoration signal said node is already transmitting and substituting a restoration signal having the same INDEX value and a smaller REPEAT value as that of any restoration signal said node is already transmitting.

26. A method as defined in claim 25, step (e) further including the step of suspending transmission of all modified restoration signals having the same INDEX value as that of said received complement restoration signal.

27. A method as defined in claim 26, each said signal further including a Node Identifier field for identifying the node originating a signal.

28. A method as defined in claim 27, further including the step of encoding said restoration and complement restoration signals into a communications traffic signal.

29. An apparatus for restoring communications between a pair of nodes in a network having an arbitrary number of nodes and an arbitrary number of spans interconnecting said nodes, each said span having working circuits between nodes designated for transmitting actual communications traffic and spare circuits between nodes capable of, but not designated, for transmitting actual communications traffic, said apparatus comprising:

(a) means for establishing one or more independent communication paths between said pair of nodes through a series of spare circuits of spans interconnecting said pair of nodes and other interconnected nodes in said network, said establishing means including;

i. means for repeatedly transmitting restoration signals along logical spans of spare circuits departing said one node;

ii. means for repeatedly retransmitting said restoration signals from said other interconnected nodes along logical spans of spare circuits departing said interconnected nodes; and

iii. means at said other node responsive to receipt of a restoration signal thereat for transmitting a complement restoration signal from said other node along a path consisting of the same spare circuits along which said restoration signal was communicated to said other node; and

(b) means for redirecting communications traffic intended for one or more failed spans interconnecting said pair of nodes through one or more of said paths.

30. An apparatus as defined in claim 29, further including means for identifying spare circuits at said one node and allocating a distinct restoration signal to each identified spare circuit.

31. An apparatus as defined in claim 30, said transmitting means including means for transparently modulating said signals into communications traffic signals travelling between nodes of said network.

32. An apparatus as defined in claim 29, said repeatedly transmitting means being operable for repeatedly transmitting said signals along each logical span of spare circuits departing said one node up to the minimum of either the number of circuit restorations required or the number of spare circuits available to said one node.

33. An apparatus as defined in claim 29, said complement signal transmitting means being operable to respond to restoration signals until the number complement restoration signals equals the number of failed working circuits or until no more spare circuits are available at said other node of said pair of nodes.

34. An apparatus as defined in claim 29, each said restoration signal and its complement restoration signal including an attribute representative of a particular one of said paths.

35. An apparatus as defined in claim 29, each said signal including an attribute representative of the number of spans and/or linking nodes in each said path at any given point along said path.

36. An apparatus as defined in claim 29, each said restoration signal and its complement restoration signal including a first attribute representative of a particular one of said paths and a second attribute representative of the number of spans and/or linking nodes in each said path at any given point along said path.

37. An apparatus as defined in claim 35, each said restoration signal and its complement restoration signal including third and fourth attributes identifying said one and said other of said pair of nodes.

38. An apparatus as defined in claim 36, each said restoration signal and its complement restoration signal including a fifth attribute representative of a network-wide identification of the node originating said signals.

39. An apparatus as defined in claim 29, further including:

means for designating one of said nodes as a SENDER node from which said restoration signals will originate and the other of said pair of nodes as a CHOOSER from which said complement restoration signals will originate.

40. An apparatus as defined in claim 38, wherein said designating means being operable to designate said nodes on the basis of an ordinal test conducted independently at each said SENDER and CHOOSER nodes.

41. An apparatus for restoring communications between a pair of nodes in a network having an arbitrary number of nodes and an arbitrary number of spans interconnecting said nodes, each said span having working circuits between nodes designated for transmitting actual communications traffic and spare circuits between nodes capable of, but not designated, transmitting actual communications traffic, said method comprising the steps of:

(a) means for designating one of said nodes of said pair of nodes as a SENDER node and the other of said pair of nodes as a CHOOSER node;

(b) means for establishing one or more independent communication paths between said SENDER node and said CHOOSER node through a series of spare circuits of spans interconnecting said SENDER and CHOOSER nodes with other nodes in said network, said means including;

i. means for repeatedly transmitting restoration signals along each logical span of spare circuits departing said SENDER node up to the minimum of either the number of circuit restorations required or the number of spare circuits available to said SENDER node;

ii. means for repeatedly retransmitting said restoration signals from said other nodes along logical spans of spare circuits departing said other nodes; and

iii. means responsive to receipt of a restoration signal at said CHOOSER node for transmitting a complement restoration signal from said CHOOSER node along the logical span of the spare circuit upon which said restoration signal was received;

iv. means for retransmitting said complement restoration signals from said other nodes along the logical span of the spare circuit on which said restoration was received and for connecting the port upon which said restoration signal was received with the port upon which said complement restoration signal was received whereby to permit communications traffic therebetween;

each said restoration signal and its complement restoration signal including a first attribute representative of a network-wide identifier for the node originating said signals, a second attribute identifying either said SENDER node or said CHOOSER node as a SOURCE node, a third attribute identifying either said CHOOSER node or said SENDER node as a TARGET node, a fourth attribute representative of a particular one of said paths, and a fifth, incrementable attribute representative of the number of spans and/or linking nodes in each said path at any given point along said path; and

(c) means for redirecting, through one or more of said paths, communications traffic received at input ports of each of said SENDER and CHOOSER nodes and intended for transmission through one or more failed spans interconnecting said SENDER and CHOOSER nodes.

42. A method as defined in claim 41, further including means for identifying spare circuits at said SENDER node and allocating a distinct restoration signal to each identified spare circuit.

43. An apparatus as defined in claim 42, wherein the restoration signals transmitted along said spare circuits departing said SENDER node differ only by the value of said fourth attribute.

44. An apparatus as defined in claim 42, wherein said retransmitting means being operable to increment said fifth attribute of received signals prior to retransmitting said signals.

45. An apparatus as defined in claim 42, further including means at said other nodes and said CHOOSER node for rejecting any received signal whose fifth attribute exceeds a predetermined value.

46. An apparatus as defined in claim 42, storage register means at each other node for storing the first restoration signal received in connection with a particular path and rejecting any other received restoration signals relating to said particular path.

47. An apparatus as defined in claim 42, storage register means for storing at each other node the first restoration signal received in connection with a particular path, and means for rejecting any other received restoration having the same first to fourth attributes but a larger fifth attribute and for replacing said stored signal with any new restoration signal having the same first to fourth attributes but a smaller fifth attribute.

48. An apparatus for restoring communications between a pair of nodes in a network having an arbitrary number of nodes and an arbitrary number of spans interconnecting said nodes, each said span having working circuits between nodes designated for transmitting actual communications traffic and spare circuits between nodes capable of, but not designated, transmitting actual communications traffic, said method comprising the steps of:

(a) means responsive to a communication failure in one or more circuits in one or more spans between said pair of nodes for designating one of said pair of nodes a SENDER node and the other of said pair of nodes a CHOOSER node;

(b) means for identifying spare circuits at said SENDER node and allocating a distinct restoration signal to each identified spare circuit;

(c) means for repeatedly transmitting restoration signals on the outgoing transmission link of each said identified spare circuits departing from said SENDER node, each said restoration signal including the identity of said SENDER node, the identity of said CHOOSER node, an INDEX value representative of the identity of a complete, independent route between said SENDER and said CHOOSER nodes starting at the spare circuit departing said SENDER node along which said signal is transmitted, and a predetermined initial REPEAT value;

(d) means responsive to receipt of one of said restoration signals at a TANDEM node for determining whether said TANDEM node is already transmitting a restoration signal having the same INDEX value as the just received restoration signal, ignoring any restoration signal having the same INDEX value as that of a signal said node is already transmitting and, if said node is not already transmitting a restoration signal having the same INDEX value, producing a modified restoration signal by incrementing said repeat value of said restoration signal and repeatedly transmitting said modified restoration signal along spare links departing said TANDEM node;

(e) means responsive to a modified restoration signal at said CHOOSER node for repeatedly transmitting a complement restoration signal from said CHOOSER node back through the same spare circuit along which said modified restoration signature was received, said restoration signal including the identity of said CHOOSER node, an INDEX value equal to the INDEX value of said modified restoration signal, and a predetermined initial REPEAT value;

(f) means responsive to a complement restoration signal at a TANDEM node for operatively connecting the port upon which said complement restoration signal was received with the port on which its corresponding restoration signal was received whereby to permit communications traffic therebetween, incrementing the repeat value of said complement restoration signal and transmitting the modified complement restoration signal back through the spare circuit along which said corresponding restoration signal was received; and

(g) means responsive to a modified complement restoration signal at said SENDER node, operatively connecting the port containing communications traffic intended for one of said failed circuits to the port on which said modified complement signature was received.

49. An apparatus as defined in claim 48, said designating means for designation one of said pair of nodes a SENDER node and the other of said pair of nodes a CHOOSER node being operable on the basis of an ordinal test.

50. An apparatus as defined in claim 49, further including storage register means at each said SENDER, TANDEM and CHOOSER nodes, for storing received and transmitted signals and the identity of the port of upon which each said signals was received and transmitted.

51. An apparatus as defined in claim 50, wherein said restoration signal responsive means being operable to ignore any restoration signal whose REPEAT value is greater than a predetermined value.

52. An apparatus as defined in claim 51, wherein said modified restoration signal responsive means being operable to ignore any modified restoration signal whose REPEAT value is greater than a predetermined value.

53. An apparatus as defined in claim 52, wherein said restoration signal responsive means being operable to ignore a restoration signal having the same INDEX value and the same or greater REPEAT value as that of any restoration signal said node is already transmitting;

and substitute a restoration signal having the same INDEX value and a smaller REPEAT value as that of any restoration signal said node is already transmitting.

54. An apparatus as defined in claim 53, said modified complement restoration signal responsive means being further operable to suspend transmission of all modified restoration signals having the same INDEX value as that of said received complement restoration signal.

55. An apparatus as defined in claim 54, each said signal further including a Node Identifier field for identifying the node originating a signal.

56. An apparatus as defined in claim 55, further including the step of encoding said restoration and complement restoration signals into a communications traffic signal.

57. In a communications network having an arbitrary number of nodes and an arbitrary number of spans interconnecting said nodes, each said span having working circuits between nodes designated for transmitting actual communications traffic and spare circuits between nodes capable of but not designated for the transmission of actual communications traffic, each said node having one or more bi-directional transmission interfaces connected to external transmission lines and to an internal switching matrix, each said transmission interface having circuit means for processing signals received along a receive link and feeding said received signal to said switching matrix and circuit means for processing transmit signals received from said switching matrix and applying said transmit signal to a transmit link, the improvement comprising a communications restoring apparatus for use at each said node and comprising:

restoration signature detecting circuit means at each said transmission interface for detecting and storing restoration signatures received along said receive link;

restoration signature transmitting circuit means at each said transmission interface for applying transmit signature signals to said transmit link; and

control means operatively connected to said detecting circuit means and said transmitting circuit of each said transmission interface and being responsive to;

(a) an alarm signal indicative of a circuit failure in a span connecting said node and an adjacent node for generating and repeatedly applying predetermined restoration signature signals to said restoration signature transmitting circuit means of one or more of said transmitting interfaces whereby to cause said restoration signals to be transmitted along one or more transmitting links to other adjacent nodes;

(b) a restoration signature detected by said detecting circuit for producing modified restoration signatures and applying said modified restoration signatures to the transmitting circuit means of each said transmission interface of said node whereby to cause said modified restoration signatures to be transmitted along said transmitting links to adjacent nodes;

(c) a modified restoration signature received at the detecting circuit means of one of said transmission interfaces for generating a complement restoration signature signal and applying said complement restoration signature signal to said transmitting circuit means of said one of said transmission interfaces; and

(d) a complement restoration signature received at the detecting circuit means of one of said transmission interfaces for either operatively connecting the receive and transmission links of the transmission interface at which said complement restoration signature signal was received with the transmission and receive links, respectively, of the transmission interface on which the restoration signature associated to said complement signal was received if said control means modified an existing restoration signature, or operatively connecting the receive and transmission links of the transmission interface at which said complement restoration signature signal was received with the transmission and receive links, respectively, of the transmission interface on which communications traffic intended to be transmitted through a failed circuit between said pair of nodes if said control means generated the original restoration signature associated with said complement restoration signature signal.

58. An apparatus as defined in claim 57, said signature receiving circuit means including:

a signature detector circuit for recovering restoration signature attributes transparently encoded in a signal received on said received link and producing an output representative of said attributes;

a signature reception register adapted to receive said detector circuit output;

a receive signature storage register for storing attributes of a restoration signature; and

a validity and logic control circuit means for comparing the contents of said signature reception register with the contents of said signature storage register and transferring the contents of the former into the latter and transmitting a flag to said control means that a new signature has been received.

59. An apparatus as defined in claim 57, said signature transmitting circuit means including:

a transmit signature storage register for receiving and storing a transmit restoration signature;

a transmit signature modulation circuit for modulating the contents of said transmit signature storage register into a transmit signal applied to said transmit signal processing circuit means; and

control logic means responsive to said control means for loading a new signature into said transmit signature Storage Register and, once loaded, causing repeated circulation of the contents of the register whereby to cause said transmit restoration signature to be indefinitely, repeatedly applied to said modulation circuit.

60. An apparatus as defined in claim 57, further including:

interface port number register means for storing the number of the port associated with said signature receiving and transmitting circuit means; and

a port status register for storing predetermined port status information.

61. An apparatus as defined in claim 60, further including circuit failure alarm detection means associated with each said transmission interface and responsive to failures in said transmission and receive links of said associated transmission interface whereby to cause the contents of said port number register and said port status register to be transmitted to said control means.

62. An apparatus as defined in claim 58, said signature transmitting circuit means including:

a transmit signature storage register for receiving and storing a transmit restoration signature;

a transmit signature modulation circuit for modulating the contents of said transmit signature storage register into a transmit signal applied to said transmit signal processing circuit means; and

control logic means responsive to said control means for loading a new signature into said transmit signature Storage Register and, once loaded, causing repeated circulation of the contents of the register whereby to cause said transmit restoration signature to be indefinitely, repeatedly applied to said modulation circuit.

63. An apparatus as defined in claim 62, further including:

interface port number register means for storing the number of the port associated with said signature receiving and transmitting circuit means; and

a port status register for storing predetermined port status information.

64. An apparatus as defined in claim 63, further including:

circuit failure alarm detection means associated with each said transmission interface and responsive to said transmission and receive links of said associated transmission interface whereby to cause the contents of said port number register and said port status register to be transmitted to said control means.

65. An apparatus as defined in claim 62, each said restoration signal and its complement restoration signal including a first attribute representative of a network-wide identifier for the node originating said signals, a second attribute identifying either a SENDER node or a CHOOSER node as a SOURCE node, a third attribute identifying either said CHOOSER node or said SENDER node as a TARGET node, a fourth attribute representative of a particular one of said paths, and a fifth, incrementable attribute representative of the number of spans and/or linking nodes in each said path at any given point along said path, each said receive and transmit storage registers being adapted to store each said attributes of each received restoration signal and transmit complement restoration signal, respectively.

66. An apparatus as defined in claim 63, said Port Status Register being adapted to store a first signal indicative of whether receive and transmit links associated with said port status register is currently experiencing loss of transmission integrity, a second signal indicative of whether the circuit associated with said port is a working circuit or a spare circuit, a third signal indicative of whether said port is connected to another port of said node and a fourth signal representative of the identity of another port to which said port may be connected.

67. A Digital Crossconnect Machine for use as a node in a communications network having an arbitrary number of nodes and an arbitrary number of spans interconnecting said nodes, each said span having one or more working circuits interconnecting adjacent nodes and designated for transmitting actual communications traffic and spare circuits interconnecting adjacent nodes and capable of, but not designated, for the transmission of actual communications traffic, each said circuit having a transmit link and a receive link, said machine comprising:

an operating system for controlling the operation of said machine;

crossconnect switching matrix means for internally connecting interface ports of said machine;

crosspoint controller means responsive to said operating system for controlling said switching matrix means;

one or more bi-directional transmission interfaces connected to external transmission lines and to an internal switching matrix, each said transmission interface having;

circuit means for processing signals received along the receive link of an associated working or spare circuit and feeding said received signal to said switching matrix;

circuit means for processing transmit signals received from said switching matrix and applying said transmit signal to a transmit link;

restoration signature detecting circuit means for detecting and storing restoration signatures applied to said received signal processing circuit means along said receive link; and

restoration signature transmitting circuit means for applying transmit signature signals to said transmit signals processing circuit means for transmission along transmit link; and

an emergency restoration controller operatively connected to each said transmission interface means, said crosspoint controller and said operating system and being responsive to a circuit failure alarm and/or restoration signature detected by said detecting circuit and cooperable with other Digital Crossconnect Machines in said network for establishing one or more independent communication paths between said pair of nodes through a series of spare circuits of spans interconnecting a pair of nodes between which communications have failed and other interconnected nodes and redirecting communications traffic intended for one or more failed spans through said one or more of said paths.

68. A Digital Crossconnect Machine as defined in claim 67, each said signature receiving circuit means including:

a signature detector circuit for recovering restoration signature attributes transparently encoded in a signal received on said received link and producing an output representative of said attributes;

a signature reception register adapted to receive said detector circuit output;

a receive signature storage register for storing attributes of a restoration signature; and

a validity and logic control circuit means for comparing the contents of said signature reception register with the contents of said signature storage register and transferring the contents of the former into the latter and transmitting a flag to said control means that a new signature has been received.

69. An Digital Crossconnect Machine as defined in claim 67, each said signature transmitting circuit means including:

a transmit signature storage register for receiving and storing a transmit restoration signature;

a transmit signature modulation circuit for modulating the contents of said transmit signature storage register into a transmit signal applied to said transmit signal processing circuit means; and

control logic means responsive to said control means for loading a new signature into said transmit signature Storage Register and, once loaded, causing repeated circulation of the contents of the register whereby to cause said transmit restoration signature to be indefinitely, repeatedly applied to said modulation circuit.

70. A Digital Crossconnect Machine as defined in claim 67, each said transmission interface means further including:

an interface port number register for storing the number of the port associated with said signature receiving and transmitting circuit means; and

a port status register for storing predetermined port status information.

71. A Digital Crossconnect Machine as defined in claim 67, each said transmission interface means further including:

circuit failure alarm detection means associated with each said transmission interface and responsive to said transmit and receive links of said associated transmission interface whereby to cause the contents of said port number register and said port status register to be transmitted to said control means.

72. A Digital Crossconnect Machine as defined in claim 68, each said signature transmitting circuit means including:

a transmit signature storage register for receiving and storing a transmit restoration signature;

a transmit signature modulation circuit for modulating the contents of said transmit signature storage register into a transmit signal applied to said transmit signal processing circuit means; and

control logic means responsive to said control means for loading a new signature into said transmit signature Storage Register and, once loaded, causing repeated circulation of the contents of the register whereby to cause said transmit restoration signature to be indefinitely, repeatedly applied to said modulation circuit.

73. A Digital Crossconnect Machine as defined in claim 72, each said transmission interface means further including:

an interface port number register for storing the number of the port associated with said signature receiving and transmitting circuit means; and

a port status register for storing predetermined port status information.

74. A Digital Crossconnect Machine as defined in claim 73, each said transmission interface means further including:

circuit failure alarm detection means responsive to said transmission and receive links of said associated transmission interface whereby to cause the contents of said port number register and said port status register to be transmitted to said control means.

75. An apparatus as defined in claim 74, each said restoration signal and its complement restoration signal including a first attribute representative of a network-wide identifier for the node originating said signals, a second attribute identifying either a SENDER node or a CHOOSER node as a SOURCE node, a third attribute identifying either said CHOOSER node or said SENDER node as a TARGET node, a fourth attribute representative of a particular one of said paths, and a fifth, incrementable attribute representative of the number of spans and/or linking nodes in each said path at any given point along said path, each said receive and transmit storage registers being adapted to store each said attributes of each received restoration signal and transmit complement restoration signal, respectively.

76. An apparatus as defined in claim 75, said Port Status Register being adapted to store a first signal indicative of whether receive and transmit links associated with said port status register is currently experiencing loss of transmission integrity, a second signal indicative of whether the circuit associated with said port is a working circuit or a spare circuit, a third signal indicative of whether said port is connected to another port of said node and a fourth signal representative of the identity of another port to which said port may be connected.