Rechargeable metal-air battery

• US 4,957,826 A
• Filed: 04/25/1989
• Issued: 09/18/1990
• Est. Priority Date: 04/25/1989
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Dreisbach Electromotive Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Dreisbach Electromotive Incorporated
• Inventors: Cheiky, Michael C.
• Primary Examiner(s): NOT, DEFINED
• Application Number:
  US07/343,193
• Time in Patent Office: 511 Days
• Field of Search: 429/28, 429/27, 429/231
• US Class Current: 429/406
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 12/08 composed of a half-cell of a fuel-cell type and a half-cell of the secondary-cell type
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/02 Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/466 U-shaped, bag-shaped or folded
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

A zinc anode plate is completely wrapped in a cloth anode separator containing liquid electrolyte. A hydro-gel material packed in an inert mesh separator is sandwiched between the wrapped anode and an air cathode which is in the form of a carbon membrane. The gel material is sufficiently permeable to oxygen to allow oxygen flow therethrough during charging and discharging cycles of the battery, and provides chemical reactive communication between the air cathode and the electrolyte in the anode separator without allowing electrolyte to pass therethrough. The permeability of the gel material is selected such that during charging of the battery, oxygen generated by the anode exerts sufficient pressure at the interface of the anode separator and gel material to cause electrolyte to be recirculated through the edges of the cloth anode separator to the opposite layer thereof, thereby preventing depletion of electrolyte to the anode.

Claims

1. A rechargeable metal-air battery, comprising:

metal anode means;

porous anode separator means for retaining liquid electrolyte having first and second layers which sandwich the anode means therebetween and at least one edge which interconnects the first and second layers and said separator means extends in a continuous wrap around the anode means;

air cathode means; and

a liquid electrolyte completely entrained in the porous anode separator means.

2. A battery as in claim 1 further including cathode gel means sandwiched between the air cathode means and the first layer of the anode separator means.

3. A battery as in claim 2 in which the metal comprises zinc.

4. A battery as in claim 3, further comprising a container having a top wall, a bottom wall and side walls and said container enclosing and resiliently pressing the anode means, anode separator means, air cathode means, cathode gel means, and electrolyte means together.

5. A battery as in claim 4, in which the anode means comprises an electrically conductive mesh screen substrate and a zinc material packed in the mesh of the screen.

6. A battery as in claim 5, in which the zinc material is selected from the group consisting of zinc powder flakes, granules, capsules and fibers packed onto a semi-permeable density.

7. A battery as in claim 4 in which the bottom wall of the container is in contact with the second layer of the separator means.

8. A battery as in claim 3, in which the cathode gel means is sufficiently permeable to oxygen to enable passage of oxygen therethrough for operative charging and discharging of the battery, the cathode gel means further providing chemical reactive communication between the air cathode and the liquid electrolyte in the anode separator means.

9. A battery as in claim 8, in which the permeability of the cathode gel means is selected such that sufficient oxygen pressure is created during charging of the battery at an interface of the cathode gel means and anode separator means to force liquid electrolyte from the interface through the edge of the anode separator means into the second layer of the anode separator means.

10. A battery as in claim 3, in which cathode gel means comprises an oxidation and corrosion resistant hydro-gel.

11. A battery as in claim 10, in which the hydro-gel comprises a material selected from the group consisting of CMC and related derivatives.

12. A battery as in claim 10, in which the hydro-gel includes a concentrated base selected from the group consisting of LiOH, NaOH, KOH and CsOH.

13. A battery as in claim 10, in which the cathode gel means further includes a chemically inert mesh screen, the hydro-gel being present in the mesh of the screen.

14. A battery as in claim 1, in which the anode separator means comprises an absorbent, wettable oxidation-resistant cloth.

15. A battery as in claim 1, in which the air cathode means comprises a porous carbon membrane.

16. A battery as in claim 1, in which the liquid electrolyte comprises a material selected from the group consisting of an aqueous base containing at least one of LiOH, NaOH, KOH and CsOH in the range of one molar to saturation.

17. An anode for a metal-air battery comprising in combination:

a metal anode element comprising a substrate containing a gas permeable layer of metal anode material; and

a continuous wrap of porous eletrolyte separator material having first and second layers and edges connecting said layers surrounding said element,

said separator material being wettable by liquid electrolyte, absorbent and oxidation-resistant under conditions of operation of a metal-air battery.

18. An anode according to claim 17 in which the separator material comprises a cellulose material containing polypropylene fibers.

19. An anode according to claim 18 in which the substrate is a metal screen and the layer comprises a gas-permeable layer of metal particles.

20. An anode according to claim 19 in which the anode metal comprises zinc.

21. An anode according to claim 20 in which the anode metal contains 1 to 10% by weight of a corrosion inhibitor.

22. An anode according to claim 19 in which the anode metal is coated onto the substrate screen.

23. An anode according to claim 17 in which the anode element has a base section connected to a plurality of separate, spaced members and each of said members is wrapped with said separator material.

24. A rechargeable metal-air battery comprising:

metal anode means;

porous separator means having a first layer and a second layer and a set of edges connecting said layers and forming a continuous wrap surrounding said metal anode means, said first layer being adjacent to the anode means;

air cathode means;

cathode gel means sandwiched between the air cathode means and the anode means;

a liquid electrolyte entrained in the anode separator means; and

a container absent a liquid electrolyte reservoir having a top wall, side walls and a bottom wall which encloses and resiliently presses the anode means, separator means, air cathode means, cathode gel means, and liquid electrolyte together, said bottom wall being in contact with said second layer.

25. A battery as in claim 24, in which the anode means comprises an electrically conductive mesh screen and a zinc material packed in the mesh of the screen.

26. A battery as in claim 24, in which the cathode gel means is sufficiently permeable to oxygen to enable passage of oxygen therethrough for operative charging and discharging of the battery, the cathode gel means further providing chemical reactive communication between the air cathode and the liquid electrolyte in the anode separator means.

27. A battery as in claim 24, in which the anode separator means comprises an absorbent, oxidation-resistant cloth which encases the anode means and serves to wick electrolytes from one surface of the anode means to another surface thereof.

28. A rechargeable metal-air battery, comprising:

metal anode means;

porous anode separator means having first and second layers which sandwich the anode means therebetween and at least one edge which interconnects the first and second layers;

said anode means and anode separator means each comprise a plurality of respective separate sections which are interconnected together;

air cathode means; and

a liquid electrolyte entrained in the anode separator means.

29. A battery as in claim 28, in which the sections are between 1 and 2 inches wide.

30. A rechargeable metal-air battery, comprising:

metal anode means comprising an electrically conductive mesh screen substrate and a zinc material packed in the mesh in a semi permeable density, said zinc material being selected from the group consisting of zinc powder flakes, granules, capsules and fiber;

porous anode separator means having first and second layers which sandwich the anode means therebetween and at least one edge which interconnects the first and second layers;

air cathode means; and

a liquid electrolyte entrained in the porous anode separator means.