Electrochromic, oxygen deficient metal oxide films provided by pyrolytic deposition
First Claim
1. An electrochromic device comprising two substrates and therebetween one electrode layer, an electrochromic layer, an ion conductive layer, and another electrode layer in that order, at least one of said one electrode layer and said other electrode layer being transparent and each electrode layer being in contact with one of said substrates, said ion conductive layer comprising ion source means for providing ions into said electrochromic layer upon application of a voltage across said electrode layers, wherein said electrochromic layer comprises a non-stoichiometric, oxygen deficient, variable oxidation state metal oxide deposited by pyrolytic deposition onto a surface selected from a surface of said ion conductive layer and a surface of said electrode layer while said surface is at a temperature between 500°
- F. and 1200°
F. and said metal oxide composition is deposited by pyrolytic deposition of a composition which is selected from a powdered composition comprising a variable oxidation state metal compound and a reducing agent or a liquid composition comprising a variable oxidation state metal compound and a reducing agent.
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Abstract
This invention is directed to electrochromic devices wherein a layer of cathodic electrochromic material comprising non-stoichiometric, oxygen deficient metal oxides is provided by pyrolytic deposition techniques. The pyrolytic deposition is of a compound comprising a powdered metal compound and a reducing agent or a liquid composition and a reducing agent. The pyrolytic deposition can also be accomplished by a powdered composition or a liquid composition dispersed in a carrier gas.
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Citations
30 Claims
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1. An electrochromic device comprising two substrates and therebetween one electrode layer, an electrochromic layer, an ion conductive layer, and another electrode layer in that order, at least one of said one electrode layer and said other electrode layer being transparent and each electrode layer being in contact with one of said substrates, said ion conductive layer comprising ion source means for providing ions into said electrochromic layer upon application of a voltage across said electrode layers, wherein said electrochromic layer comprises a non-stoichiometric, oxygen deficient, variable oxidation state metal oxide deposited by pyrolytic deposition onto a surface selected from a surface of said ion conductive layer and a surface of said electrode layer while said surface is at a temperature between 500°
- F. and 1200°
F. and said metal oxide composition is deposited by pyrolytic deposition of a composition which is selected from a powdered composition comprising a variable oxidation state metal compound and a reducing agent or a liquid composition comprising a variable oxidation state metal compound and a reducing agent. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
- F. and 1200°
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7. An electrochromic device comprising two substrates and therebetween one electrode layer, an electrochromic layer, an ion conductive layer, and another electrode layer in that order, at least one of said one electrode layer and said other electrode layer being transparent and each electrode layer being in contact with one of said substrates, said ion conductive layer comprising ion source means for providing ions into said electrochromic layer upon application of a voltage across said electrode layers, wherein said electrochromic layer comprises a non-stoichiometric, oxygen deficient, variable oxidation state metal oxide deposited by pyrolytic deposition onto a surface selected from a surface of said ion conductive layer and a surface of said electrode layer while said surface is at a temperature between 500°
- F. and 1200°
F., and said metal oxide is deposited by pyrolytic deposition of a composition selected from a powdered composition comprising a variable oxidation state metal compound and a liquid composition comprising a variable oxidation state metal compound and during the pyrolytic deposition of said electrochromic layer the ambient, near the surface of said one electrode or ion conductive material on which said electrochromic layer is being deposited, comprises an inert gas. - View Dependent Claims (19, 20, 21, 22)
- F. and 1200°
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8. A method for forming an electrochromic device comprising two substrates and therebetween one electrode layer, an electrochromic layer, an ion conductive layer, and another electrode layer in that order, at least one of said one electrode layer and said other electrode layer being transparent and each electrode layer being in contact with one of said substrates, said ion conductive layer comprising ion source means for providing ions into said electrochromic layer upon application of a voltage across said electrode layers, said method comprising providing said electrochromic layer comprising a non-stoichiometric, oxygen deficient, variable oxidation state metal oxide deposited by pyrolytic deposition onto a surface selected from a surface of said ion conductive layer and a surface of said electrode layer while said surface is at a temperature between 500°
- F. and 1200°
F. and said metal oxide composition is deposited by pyrolytic deposition of a composition which is selected from a powdered composition comprising a variable oxidation state metal compound and a reducing agent or a liquid composition comprising a variable oxidation state metal compound and a reducing agent. - View Dependent Claims (9, 10, 11, 12, 13)
- F. and 1200°
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14. A method for forming an electrochromic device comprising two substrates and therebetween one electrode layer, an electrochromic layer, an ion conductive layer, and another electrode layer in that order, at least one of said one electrode layer and said other electrode layer being transparent and each electrode layer being in contact with one of said substrates, said ion conductive layer comprising ion source means for providing ions into said electrochromic layer upon application of a voltage across said electrode layers, said method comprising providing said electrochromic layer comprising a non-stoichiometric, oxygen deficient, variable oxidation state metal oxide deposited by pyrolytic deposition onto a surface selected from a surface of said ion conductive layer and a surface of said electrode layer while said surface is at a temperature between 500°
- and 1200°
F., and said metal oxide is deposited by pyrolytic deposition of a composition selected from a powdered composition comprising a variable oxidation state metal compound and a liquid composition comprising a variable oxidation state metal compound and during the pyrolytic deposition of said electrochromic layer the ambient, near the surface of said one electrode or ion conductive material on which said electrochromic layer is being deposited, comprises an inert gas. - View Dependent Claims (27, 28, 29, 30)
- and 1200°
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15. An electrochromic device comprising two substrates and therebetween one electrode layer, an electrochromic layer, an ion conductive layer, and another electrode layer in that order, at least one of said one electrode layer and said other electrode layer being transparent and each electrode layer being in contact with one of said substrates, said ion conductive layer comprising ion source means for providing ions into said electrochromic layer upon application of a voltage across said electrode layers, wherein said electrochromic layer comprises a non-stoichiometric, oxygen deficient, variable oxidation state metal oxide deposited by pyrolytic deposition onto a surface selected from a surface of said ion conductive layer and a surface of said electrode layer while said surface is at a temperature between 500°
- F. and 1200°
F., and said metal oxide is deposited by pyrolytic deposition of a composition selected from a powdered composition comprising a variable oxidation state metal compound and a liquid composition comprising a variable oxidation state metal compound and said composition is dispersed in a carrier gas comprising gas selected from an inert gas and a reducing gas. - View Dependent Claims (16, 17, 18)
- F. and 1200°
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23. A method for forming an electrochromic device comprising two substrates and therebetween one electrode layer, an electrochromic layer, an ion conductive layer, and another electrode layer in that order, at least one of said one electrode layer and said other electrode layer being transparent and each electrode layer being in contact with one of said substrates, said ion conductive layer comprising ion source means for providing ions into said electrochromic layer upon application of a voltage across said electrode layers, said method comprising providing said electrochromic layer comprising a non-stoichiometric, oxygen deficient, variable oxidation state metal oxide deposited by pyrolytic deposition onto a surface selected from a surface of said ion conductive layer and a surface of said electrode layer while said surface is at a temperature between 500°
- F. and 1200°
F. and said metal oxide is deposited by pyrolytic deposition of a composition selected from a powdered composition comprising a variable oxidation state metal compound and a liquid composition comprising a variable oxidation state metal compound and said composition is dispersed in a carrier gas comprising gas selected from an inert gas and a reducing gas. - View Dependent Claims (24, 25, 26)
- F. and 1200°
Specification