Fuel cell/battery control system

• US 4,961,151 A
• Filed: 01/11/1989
• Issued: 10/02/1990
• Est. Priority Date: 09/29/1983
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Engelhard Corporation (BASF SE)
• Original Assignee: Engelhard Corporation (BASF SE)
• Inventors: Early, Jack, Werth, John
• Primary Examiner(s): Teska, Kevin J.
• Application Number:
  US07/296,283
• Time in Patent Office: 629 Days
• Field of Search: 364/492, 364/493, 364/505, 364/431.01, 364/480, 364/481, 364/483, 324/415, 324/416, 307/65, 307/66, 307/80, 307/81, 320/2, 320/3, 320/15, 320/16, 320/61, 180/63.5, 180/63.8, 429/7, 429/9
• US Class Current: 700/297
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/30 for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/33 by cooling
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 16/006 of fuel cells with rechargeable batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/34 Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering H02J7/14 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/50 Fuel cells
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/40 Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

Abstract

A fuel cell/battery hybrid power system is disclosed which has a microprocessor based control system. The control system enables the fuel cell to be taken out of the system by a switch when its predetermined maximum desired energy output is about to be exceeded by load requirements. The battery is protected from overcharging by a switch which is activated responsive to the sensing of state of charge, load current and fuel cell current.

Claims

1. A hybrid source system for supplying electrical current to a load and for controlling the amount of current supplied in response to current demand from the load comprising:

a primary electrical power source couplable to the load through a first switch means associated therewith and having a predetermined maximum desired power output;

energy storage means having a predetermined desired minimum and maximum level of charge, said energy storage means being couplable to the load in parallel with the primary electrical power source through a second switch means associated therewith;

either said primary electrical energy source or said energy storage means or combinations thereof being connected to the load in parallel to supply current to the load depending upon whether said first or said second switch means or a combination thereof are appropriately energized;

first current sensing means for sensing the current flowing into the load;

second current sensing means for sensing the current flowing from the primary energy source;

charge sensor means for sensing the state of charge in said energy storage means; and

control means responsive to said first current sensing means, said second current sensing means and said charge sensor means for selectively energizing either said first or said second switch means in a manner such that the current demand on said primary electrical energy source is maintained at or below approximately its predetermined maximum desired power output level and said energy storage means is maintained at a charge level between said minimum and maximum level of charge.

2. The system of claim 1 wherein said first switch means is closed and said second switch means is opened during such time that there is a low load condition and energy storage means is at or just below its predetermined desired maximum level of charge.

3. The system of claim 1 wherein said first and second switch means are closed during such time that there is a high load condition.

4. The system of claim 1 wherein said first switch means is open and said second switch means is closed during such time as that there is a very high load condition.

5. The system of claim 1 wherein said primary electrical energy source is a fuel cell means.

6. The system of claim 1 wherein said energy storage means is a storage battery.