Non-invasive method and apparatus for describing the electrical activity of the surface of an interior organ

• US 4,961,428 A
• Filed: 05/02/1988
• Issued: 10/09/1990
• Est. Priority Date: 05/02/1988
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Northeastern University
• Original Assignee: Northeastern University, University of Maryland
• Inventors: Brooks, Dana H., Fabian, Miklos, Nikias, Chrysostomos L., Siegel, John H.
• Primary Examiner(s): Cohen, Lee S.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Getzow, S.
• Application Number:
  US07/189,156
• Time in Patent Office: 890 Days
• Field of Search: 128/695, 128/699, 128/731, 128/696, 128/710, 128/712, 128/639, 364/413.13, 364/413.19, 364/413.2, 364/413.21, 364/413.22, 364/413.23, 364/413.01, 364/413.15
• US Class Current: 600/512
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/282 Holders for multiple electrodes for introduction into the body A61B5/287
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7253 characterised by using transforms
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7257 using Fourier transforms
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2218/22 Source localisation; Inverse modelling

Abstract

A method and apparatus for processing a plurality of signals provided by an array of electrodes disposed on the surface of the body further comprising a reconstruction of the electrical activity on the surface of a selected interior organ according to the plurality of array signals and a selected model of the body in the region of the interior organ and the electrode array. The reconstruction includes assumptions made according to a priori knowledge of the selected model and permits reconstruction of the electrical activity on the surface of the interior organ and can further provide practical solutions with underdetermined sets of equations. The present inventions further includes reconstruction including a power spectrum analysis of the array signals to permit detection and localizing of a predetermined physiological condition. The power spectrum analysis may further include a frequency domain analysis according to the minimum relative entropy of the measured signals.

Claims

1. A method of reconstructing the electrical activity on the surface of an interior organ according to a plurality of non-invasively measured epidermal signals, comprising the steps of:

preparing a selected forward model;

adjusting the forward model according to selected physiological criteria;

recording said plurality of epidermal signals from an electrical array;

reconstructing a power signal spectrum of the electrical signals of a selected interior surface according to

said selected forward model, and

said recorded epidermal signals.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein

said power signal spectrum comprises a frequency domain analysis according to the minimum relative entropy (MRE).

3. The method of claim 2, wherein relative Entropy is minimized according to

4. The method of claim 3, wherein

a computationally efficient situation is obtained by the approximation of epidermal signals as autoregressive processes wherein

the non-linearity of the minimum relative entropy solution is avoided.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein said power spectrum estimation minimizes Energy according to

6. The method of claim 1, wherein said power spectrum estimation maximizes Entropy according to

7. The method of claim 1, wherein said power spectrum estimation maximizes Entropy according to

8. The method of claim 1 further including the step of

localizing a physiological condition determined according to a comparison of the reconstructed power spectrum of each signal to selected threshold criteria.

9. Apparatus for reconstructing the electrical signals on the surface of a selected interior organ according to a plurality of non-invasively measured epidermal signals, comprising:

means for preparing a selected forward model, said forward model being adjusted by selected physiological criteria;

means for recording said non-invasively measured epidermal signals;

means for providing a power spectrum estimate of said epidermal signals;

signal processing means for reconstructing a power signal spectrum of the electrical signals on the surface of said selected organ according to said power spectrum estimate and said recorded epidermal signals and the adjusted forward model.

10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein,

said means for providing a power spectrum estimate includes processing means for providing said power spectrum estimate according to one of:

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">Minimize H.sub.1 =∫

f(x) log [f(x)/p(x)]dx;

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">Minimize E=∫

f.sup.2 (x) dx;

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">Maximize H.sub.2 =∫

f(x) log f(x) dx; and

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">Maximize H.sub.3 =∫

log f(x) dx.