Synthesized lighting device

• US 4,963,798 A
• Filed: 02/21/1989
• Issued: 10/16/1990
• Est. Priority Date: 02/21/1989
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Kevin Mcdermott
• Original Assignee: Kevin Mcdermott
• Inventors: McDermott, Kevin
• Primary Examiner(s): LaRoche, Eugene R.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Neyzari, Ali
• Application Number:
  US07/312,480
• Time in Patent Office: 602 Days
• Field of Search: 362/240, 362/800, 362/801, 362/231, 362/227, 315/312, 315/179, 315/192
• US Class Current: 315/312
• CPC Class Codes: F21L 4/025 the light sources being of different shape or type
• CPC Class Codes: F21L 4/027 the light sources being a LED
• CPC Class Codes: F21S 10/02 changing colors F21S10/002 - F21S10/007, F21S10/04 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: F21S 8/00 Lighting devices intended for fixed installation F21S9/00, F21S10/00 take precedence; using a string or strip of light sources F21S4/00
• CPC Class Codes: F21Y 2113/00 Combination of light sources
• CPC Class Codes: F21Y 2113/20 of different form
• CPC Class Codes: F21Y 2115/10 Light-emitting diodes [LED]
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 35/00 Electric light sources using a combination of different types of light generation
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 39/044 continuously H05B39/042 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 45/00 Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 45/18 using temperature feedback
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 45/20 Controlling the colour of the light
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 20/00 Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 362/80 Light emitting diode

Abstract

Lighting devices for portable and fixed applications use two or more light sources having differing spectral colors and electrical circuit parameters to shape spectral energy distributions of beams of illumination for projection upon external objects and surfaces so as to enhance an observer'"'"'s perception and discrimination of information displayed thereon, while reducing the radiation of inefficient energies at undesired color spectra. Electrical parameters of the differing light sources are used in sensitive circuits to monitor the condition of battery power and to automatically extend the range of effective illumination produced as the applied power degrades.

Claims

1. A lighting device, supplied with electrical power, for illumination and improved color perception by an observer of external surfaces, which comprises:

(a) a first subassembly comprising at least one lamp for emitting a first beam of photometric energy of a first spectral distribution and a first median wavelength which remains relatively stable over a given range of said power;

(b) a second subassembly comprising at least one lamp for emitting a second beam of photometric energy of a second spectral distribution with a second median wavelength which remains relatively stable over said given range of power and that differs from that of said first median wavelength;

(c) means to combine and project said first and second beams of photometric energy from said lighting device such that when the composite energies are used to illuminate an external surface said composite energies are perceived by said observer as a synthesized third spectral distribution with a median wavelength differing from both said first and said second median wavelengths; and

(d) means for an automatic diminishment of shifts of said median wavelength of said synthesized composite energies resulting from disproportionate changes in the photometric energies emitted by said first and second subassemblies initiated by changes in power consumed by said lighting device due to variations of said supply of electrical power by degradation and voluntary adjustments.

2. A lighting device, as recited in claim 1, where said means for automatic diminishment of said median wavelength shifts of said third spectral distribution comprise:

(a) said first subassembly comprising at least one lamp that emits photometric energy which changes a given proportional amount in response to a given variation in said electrical power consumed by said lighting device; and

(b) said second subassembly comprising at least one lamp that emits photometric energy which changes a proportional amount similar in size to the change exhibited by said first subassembly due to said same given variation in electrical power consumed by said lighting device.

3. A lighting device, as recited in claim 2, wherein said lamps that emit substantially proportional intensities of light energies in response to said variation of electrical power, further comprise:

(a) an electroluminescent lamp for emitting said first spectral distribution of light energies; and

(b) at least one light emitting diode for emitting said second spectral distribution of light energies.

4. A lighting device, as recited in claim 2, wherein said lamps that emit substantially proportional intensities of light energies in response to said variation of electrical power, further comprise:

(a) at least one light emitting diode for emitting said first spectral distribution of light energies in a first limited band of wavelengths; and

(b) at least one light emitting diode for emitting said second spectral distribution of light energies in a second limited band of wavelengths.

5. A lighting device, as recited in claim 4, wherein said light emitting diodes, further comprise:

(a) at least one light emitting diode responsive to applied electrical power for said emission of light energies in a limited band of wavelengths centered about a visible red color; and

(b) at least one light emitting diode responsive to said applied electrical power for said emission of light energies in a limited band of wavelengths centered about a green color.

6. A lighting device, as recited in claim 1, wherein said first subassembly comprises:

(a) at least one broad spectral light emitter that radiates energies at undesired wavelengths; and

(b) at least one optical filter interposed between said broad spectral light emitter and said exit aperture of said lighting device for the attenuation of spectral energies emitted at wavelengths outside a specified band of desired wavelengths.

7. A lighting device, as recited in claim 6, wherein said broad spectral light emitter comprises:

(a) an incandescent lamp.

8. A lighting device, as recited in claim 1, wherein said means for automatic diminishment of shifts of said median wavelength of said third spectral distribution comprise:

(a) at least one of said first and second subassemblies of lamps further comprising at least one first light emitter which has a characteristic internal resistance that is a function of applied power in at least a limited range of said applied power;

(b) at least one of said first and second subassemblies of lamps still further comprising at least one second light emitter which has a characteristic internal resistance that differs, in said limited range of applied power, from said characteristic resistance of said first emitter; and

(c) a circuit network, for said lamps of said first and second subassemblies of lamps, that automatically effects a division of the proportional powers consumed by said first and second light emitters to extend the range of said applied power in which said median wavelength of said third spectral distribution is relatively stable, said division of power consumption being automatically responsive to said changes in the internal resistance of said first light emitter.

9. A lighting device, as recited in claim 8, wherein said first and second light emitters comprise:

(a) at least one incandescent lamp for said variable resistance that is a function of applied power; and

(b) at least one light emitting diode having a characteristic resistance differing from the impedance of said incandescent lamp.

10. A lighting device, as recited in claim 8, wherein said circuit network comprises:

(a) an electrical connection of said first and second light emitters in series arrangement.

11. A lighting device, as recited in claim 1, wherein said means for automatic diminishment of shifts of said median wavelength of said third spectral distribution comprises at least two complimentary combinations, comprising:

(a) a first combination of a group of spectral light emitters, for inclusion in said first or second subassemblies of lamps, for radiating energies in the respective spectral distributions at intensity levels proportional to applied voltage or current in response to variations of said electrical power above the respective thresholds of emission of said spectral emitters;

(b) a second combination, comprising;

at least one of said first or second subassemblies of lamps further comprising one broad spectral light emitter that radiates excess energies at undesired wavelengths; and

at least one optical filter, interposed between said broad spectral light emitter and said exit aperture of said lighting device, for the attenuation of undesirable spectral energies leaving a preferred spectral distribution as said first or said second spectral distribution;

(c) a third combination, comprising;

at least one of said first and second subassemblies of lamps further comprising at least one first light emitter which has a characteristic internal resistance and an intensity of light emission that are functions of applied power in a limited range of said applied power;

at least one of said first and second subassemblies of lamps still further comprising at least one second light emitter which has a characteristic internal resistance and an intensity of light emission that differ, in said limited range of applied power, from said resistance and light emission of said first emitter; and

a circuit network, for said emitters and said electrical power supply, that automatically effects a division of the proportional powers consumed by said first and second light emitters to establish a range of applied total circuit power in which said median wavelength is relatively stable;

said division of power consumption being automatically responsive to said changes in internal resistance of said first or said second light emitter; and

(d) a fourth combination, comprising;

at least one lamp for said first spectral distribution of photometric energy having a threshold of light emission at a first power level;

at least one lamp for said second spectral distribution of photometric energy having a threshold of light emission at a second power level differing from said first power level; and

a circuit network, of said lamps and said electrical power, that automatically effects a single total circuit power threshold for almost simultaneous light emission from both lamps.

12. A lighting device, supplied with electrical power, for the illumination and improved color perception by an observer of external surfaces, which comprises:

(a) a first subassembly comprising at least one lamp for emitting photometric energy in a first distribution of spectral wavelengths with a first median wavelength;

(b) a second subassembly comprising at least one lamp for emitting photometric energy in a second distribution of spectral wavelengths and a second median wavelength that differs from said first median wavelength by at least 40 nanometers;

(c) a circuit of interconnections of said lamps of said first and second subassemblies with said supply of electrical power; and

(d) a synthesizer, controlling said photometric energy emissions of said first and second subassemblies, for the formation of a composite illumination of a third spectral distribution and third median wavelength for radiation from an exit aperture of said lighting device.

13. A lighting device, as recited in claim 12, wherein said synthesizer comprises:

(a) an optical lens for placement between at least one of said subassemblies and said exit aperture.

14. A lighting device, as recited in claim 12, wherein said synthesizer comprises:

(a) an optical reflector for at least one of said subassemblies.

15. A lighting device with a monitor for the condition of batteries and line supplies of electrical power, which comprises:

(a) a first light emitter operative at a first spectral color of the visible wavelengths for levels of said electrical power exceeding a first threshold for light emission;

(b) a second light emitter operative at a second spectral color of the visible wavelengths for levels of said electrical power exceeding a second threshold for light emission;

(c) an electrical circuit comprising;

said first light emitter operative when the applied power exceeds said first power threshold; and

said second light emitter connected in parallel with said first light emitter operative when the applied power exceeds said second power threshold; and

(d) means to combine for projection from said lighting device said first and said second spectral colors to form a third spectral color for projection; and

(e) means for viewing the combined light emissions and the change of color as said electrical power falls in the region between said first and said second thresholds for light emission.

16. A lighting device with a monitor for the condition of batteries and line supplies of electrical power as recited in claim 15 which further comprises:

(a) a light emitting diode operative at a first spectral color representing said first light emitter.

(b) an incandescent lamp with an optical filter operative at a second spectral color representing said second light emitter.

17. A lighting device with a monitor for the condition of batteries and line supplies of electrical power as recited in claim 15, wherein said light emitters comprise:

(a) a diode for emitting illumination with a reddish color in the visible spectrum for said first color, responsive to applied power above said first threshold; and

(b) a diode for emitting illumination with a greenish color in the visible spectrum for said second color, responsive to applied power above said second threshold.

18. A lighting device, for illumination and color perception supplied with electrical power, for efficiency and extended operation at low power levels, which comprises:

(a) at least one series electrical circuit for dividing the available supplied power among the elements connected therein, which comprises;

a first light emitter, operative at applied power exceeding a first threshold for light emission of a first color;

a second light emitter, operative at applied power exceeding a second threshold for light emission of a second color, said second threshold different from said first threshold;

a means to combine for projecting from said lighting device the light energies emitted from said first and second emitters.

a means for automatic proportionment of said available power upon each of said emitters of the series circuit for effecting continued combined light emission over an extended range of said available power.

19. A lighting device, for illumination and color perception supplied with electrical power, for efficiency and extended operation at low power levels, as recited in claim 18, wherein said means for automatic proportionment of powers upon elements of said series circuit comprises:

(a) a variation of the respective characteristic impedances of said emitters; and

(b) the dissimilar thresholds for light emission of said emitters.

20. A lighting device, for illumination and color perception supplied with electrical power, for efficiency and extended operation at low power levels, as recited in claim 18, wherein said elements of said series electrical circuit, further comprise:

(a) a light emitting diode as said first light emitter responsive to said applied power exceeding said first threshold for light emission.

21. A lighting device, for illumination and color perception supplied with electrical power, for efficiency and extended operation at low power levels, as recited in claim 20, wherein said elements of said series electrical circuit still further comprise:

(a) an incandescent lamp, as said second light emitter for light emission in a broad spectrum of visible wavelengths, which has a filament resistance that serves as a protective current limiting element for said light emitting diode, said filament resistance characteristic being variable as a function of the power consumed by said incandescent lamp to effect at low power levels, increases in the relative percentage of said power consumed by said light emitting diode for its continued emission of light.

22. A lighting device, supplied by an alternating current power source, for the illumination and color perception of external surfaces, which comprises:

(a) a group of light emitting diode solid state junctions for the emission by each said junction specific colors of the visible energy spectrum;

(b) a circuit connection of said light emitting diode junctions in back-to-back polarity for bi-color emission of light on the full waveform of said alternating current power source; and

(c) means for synthesizing a composite beam of illumination of a shaped energy profile of spectral wavelengths for illumination of said external surfaces.

23. A lighting device, supplied by an alternating current power source, for the illumination of external surfaces, as recited in claim 22, further comprising:

(a) an incandescent lamp supplementing the respective emissions and acting as a current limiting resistor of said light emitting diode junction.

24. A lighting device, supplied by an alternating current power source, for the illumination of external surfaces, as recited in claim 22, further comprising:

(a) at least one translucent envelope for containing at least some of said group of light emitting solid state junctions; and

(b) an exit aperture of said lighting device for the projection of said composite beam of illumination upon said external surfaces.

25. A lighting device supplied by an alternating current power source as recited in claim 22 wherein the means for synthesizing the composite beam of illumination comprises:

a power source which oscillates fast enough to permit the human eye to perceive a single color composite of the bi-color emissions.