Simultaneous inbound multi-channel communication system using electricity distribution network

• US 4,963,853 A
• Filed: 10/16/1989
• Issued: 10/16/1990
• Est. Priority Date: 10/16/1989
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Distribution Control Systems Inc (Hubbell, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Emerson Electric Company
• Inventors: Mak, Sioe T.
• Primary Examiner(s): NOT, DEFINED
• Assistant Examiner(s): NOT, DEFINED
• Application Number:
  US07/421,794
• Time in Patent Office: 365 Days
• Field of Search: 340/310 A, 340/310 R, 340/825.5, 370/85.1, 375/25, 375/94
• US Class Current: 370/464
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 2203/542 using zero crossing information
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 2203/5495 having measurements and testing channel
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 3/542 the information being in digital form

Abstract

A communication system with six simultaneous independent inbound channels is disclosed which uses the voltage waveform of an electricity distribution network as a carrier. The manner in which the inbound channels are identified as well as how various sets of such independent channels can be found is disclosed. Identification of sets or groups of such independent channels involves identifying all potential channels and calculating the detection algorithm for each. Pure pulse patterns for binary "1"s for each channel are then multiplied by the detection algorithms for every channel to generate a matrix whose elements include the application of all the detection algorithms to all the aforementioned pulse patterns. Examination of qualifying elements of the matrix allow the identification of sets of mutually non-interfering channels.

Claims

1. A system for simultaneously transmitting signals composed of binary digits inbound over an electricity distribution network and for detecting said simultaneously transmitted inbound signals, each binary digit being composed of a first predetermined number of current pulses superimposed on preselected zero crossings contained within said first predetermined number of cycles of the voltage waveform of the electricity distribution network, comprising:

designating a second predetermined number of channels, said second predetermined number being at least fifty percent greater than the first predetermined number, each channel being defined by specifying the set of zero crossings which define a binary "1" for that channel and the set of zero crossings which define a binary "0" for that channel, said sets for each channel being mutually exclusive and each containing the first predetermined number of zero crossings, each set being unique with respect to all the other sets for the various channels;

sending binary digits inbound simultaneously over the second predetermined number of channels;

for the first predetermined number of cycles of the voltage waveform, measuring the magnitudes of the current pulses at all the zero crossings;

for each channel, applying a detection algorithm to the measured magnitudes of the current pulses for all the zero crossings, each detection algorithm being unique with respect to all the other detection algorithms, the detection algorithms being selected so that all the designated channels are non-interfering even though all use exactly the same zero crossings of the voltage waveform;

detecting a binary "1" for any particular channel if the application of the detection algorithm for that channel to the measured magnitudes of the current pulses for all the zero crossings equals a third predetermined number;

detecting a binary "0" for any particular channel if the application of the detection algorithm for that channel to the measured magnitudes of the current pulses for all the zero crossings equals the negative of the third predetermined number; and

detecting the absence of a binary digit for any particular channel if the application of the detection algorithm for that channel to the measured magnitudes of the current pulses for all the zero crossings equals a number other than the third predetermincd number or its negative.

2. The system as set forth in claim 1 wherein the first predetermined number is four and the second predetermined number is six so that six independent channels are available in a system which uses four zero crossings to define each binary "1" and four other zero crossings to define each binary "0" out of every eight zero crossings.

3. The system as set forth in claim 1 wherein the first and third predetermined numbers are equal.

4. The system as set forth in claim 1 wherein each binary "1" is represented by exactly two positive current pulses and exactly two negative current pulses.

5. The system as set forth in claim 1 wherein the maximum number of independent, non-interfering channels is six.

6. The system as set forth in claim 5 wherein there are six distinct groups of channels, each containing the maximum number of independent, non-interfering channels.

7. A method of identifying non-interfering inbound channels in a system for simultaneously transmitting signals composed of binary digits inbound over an electricity distribution network and for detecting said simultaneously transmitted inbound signals, each binary digit being composed of a first predetermined number of current pulses superimposed on preselected zero crossings contained within a second predetermined numbers of cycles of the voltage waveform of the electricity distribution network, each channel being defined by specifying the set of zero crossings which define a binary "1" for that channel and the set of zero crossings which define a binary "0" for that channel, said sets for each channel being mutually exclusive and each containing the first predetermined number of zero crossings, the method comprising:

identifying the potential channels by organizing the zero crossings in the second predetermined number of cycles of the electricity distribution network waveform into sets, each set containing the first predetermined number of separate zero crossings, each pair of mutually exclusive sets constituting a potential channel;

defining first and second pure pulse patterns for each potential channel, each pure pulse pattern being a set of "j" numbers, where "j" is the number of zero crossings in the second predetermined number of cycles of the waveform, one of the pure pulse patterns for each channel representing the presence of a binary "1" in that channel with no signal present in any other channel, and the other pure pulse pattern for each channel representing the presence of a binary "0" in that channel with no signal present in any other channel, each pure pulse pattern being unique;

selecting detection matrices for the channels, each detection matrix being unique with respect to the other detection matrices, each detection matrix when multiplied by a pure pulse pattern resulting in a first preselected number when the pure pulse pattern represents a binary "1" in the channel corresponding to that detection matrix, resulting in a second preselected number when the pure pulse pattern represents a binary "0" in the channel corresponding to that detection matrix, and resulting in a third preselected number when no signal is present;

forming a composite detection matrix from the detection matrixes for all the potential channels, each row of the composite detection matrix being the detection matrix for the channel corresponding to the row number of that row;

forming a composite pulse pattern matrix from the first pure pulse patterns for each channel, each column of the composite pulse pattern matrix being the first pure pulse pattern for the channel corresponding to the column number of that column;

multiplying the composite detection matrix times the composite pulse pattern matrix to form a channel analysis matrix, each element of the channel analysis matrix being a number resulting from the application of the detection matrix for the channel corresponding to the column number of the element to the first pure pulse pattern for the channel corresponding to the row number of the element;

categorizing as qualifying elements only those elements of the channel analysis matrix whose numerical value corresponds to the first preselected number or the third preselected number; and

determining which sets of rows of the channel analysis matrix have in common qualifying elements in the columns corresponding to all the row numbers of the set, the row numbers of each such set representing a set of independent channels.

8. The method as set forth in claim 7 further including the step of selecting from the sets of rows representing independent channels a set having the largest number of rows, thereby maximizing the number of independent channels for inbound communication over an electricity distribution system.

9. The method as set forth in claim 7 wherein the inbound signals originate from discrete signal sources, further including the step of assigning independent channels to the various signal sources, on the electricity distribution network to maximize the signal rate inbound from said signal sources.

10. The method as set forth in claim 7 wherein the current pulses for positive-to-negative zero crossings are positive and the current pulses for negative-to-positive zero crossings are negative, further including the step of excluding from consideration all potential channels that have unequal numbers of positive and negative pulses defining a binary "1" signal.

11. The method as set forth in claim 7 wherein each detection matrix consists of a series of numbers all of which are either "+1" or "-1".

12. The method as set forth in claim 7 wherein the number of cycles in which a binary digit is contained is the same as the number of pulses used to define a binary "1".

13. The method as set forth in claim 12 wherein the number of cycles in which the binary digit is contained is four.

14. The method as set forth in claim 7 wherein the preselected number indicating the presence of a binary "0" is the negative of the preselected number indicating the presence of binary "1".

15. The method as set forth in claim 7 further including the step of decoding the information in the independent channels by measuring the magnitude of the current pulses in the predetermined number of half cycles and multiplying the detection matrices for the independent channels by a matrix of numbers representing said magnitudes, the results for each channel being the first preselected number if the signal in that channel represents a binary "1", being the second preselected number if the signal is that channel represents a binary "0", and being the third preselected number if no signal was present in that channel, even though the numbers representing the magnitudes of the current pulses have an absolute value greater than any of the first, second and third preselected numbers.

16. The method as set forth in claim 7 wherein all potential channels are excluded which use other than two positive pulses and two negative pulses to define a binary "1 ".

17. The method as set forth in claim 7 wherein the maximum number of independent channels is six.

18. The method as set forth in claim 17 wherein there are six groups of channels containing the maximum number of independent channels per group.

19. The method as set forth in claim 7 wherein the composite pulse pattern matrix is the composite matrix corresponding to the pulse patterns for a binary "1" in the channels.

20. The method as set forth in claim 7 wherein the maximum number of potential channels is reduced by applying a predetermined criterion to the channels so that the number of potential channels is eighteen.