CT scanner with segmented detector array

• US 4,965,726 A
• Filed: 10/20/1988
• Issued: 10/23/1990
• Est. Priority Date: 10/20/1988
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Picker International, Inc. (Marconi Holdings Company Limited)
• Original Assignee: Picker International, Inc. (Marconi Holdings Company Limited)
• Inventors: Mattson, Rodney A., Heuscher, Dominic J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Smith, Jerry
• Assistant Examiner(s): Hayes, Gail O.
• Application Number:
  US07/260,403
• Time in Patent Office: 733 Days
• Field of Search: 364/413.13, 364/413.19
• US Class Current: 378/19
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/032 Transmission computed tomography [CT]
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/5205 involving processing of raw data to produce diagnostic data
• CPC Class Codes: G01T 1/2985 In depth localisation, e.g. using positron emitters; Tomographic imaging (longitudinal and transverse section imaging; apparatus for radiation diagnosis sequentially in different planes, steroscopic radiation diagnosis); using external radiation sources A61B6/02

Abstract

A plurality of segmented radiation sensitive arrays (30) receive radiation from a radiation source (16) which has transversed an examination region (14) of a CT scanner (10). Each array includes a plurality of rows (A, B, C) of radiation sensitive cells, e.g. photodiodes, which produce an electrical signal indicative of the intensity of radiation received. Within each of the rows, there are larger cells and smaller cells. The electrical signals from each of the plurality of cells within each row are serialized (34) and amplified (36A, 36B, 36C). Selected combinations of the electrical signals from the various rows and larger and smaller elements within each row are combined (46) and reconstructed (50) into an image representation (52) for display on a video monitor or the like.

Claims

1. A transmission CT scanner comprising:

a means for defining an examination region;

a radiation source means for rotating a beam of radiation about the examination region;

a plurality of segmented arrays of radiation sensitive cells for receiving radiation which has transversed the examination region from the source means and for producing electrical signals indicative of the received radiation, each segmented array including;

a common substrate,

a regular two dimensional grid of solid state radiation sensitive cells formed on the common substrate, the grid having a plurality of rows of radiation sensitive cells in a peripheral direction generally parallel to a circumference of the examination region and a plurality of rows of cells along a longitudinal direction; and

,

an image reconstruction means for reconstructing the electrical signals into an image representation.

2. The scanner as set forth in claim 1 further including:

a CCD array having a plurality of rows of CCD cells;

an injector means for transferring charge values from cells of the radiation sensitive array to cells of the CCD array;

an amplifier connected with each row of CCD cells; and

,

a clock means for serially causing the amplifier to amplify an output from each of the cells in its associated CCD cell row.

3. The scanner as set forth in claim 1 further including an array of FETS for serially connecting the radiation sensitive cells to output amplifiers.

4. A projection radiographic scanner comprising:

a means for defining an examination region;

a radiation source means for rotating a beam of radiation about the examination region;

a plurality of segmented arrays of radiation sensitive cells for receiving radiation which has transversed the examination region form the source means and for producing electrical signals indicative of the received radiation, each of the segmented radiation sensitive arrays includes cells having radiation sensitive faces of a plurality of different sizes; and

,

an image reconstruction means for reconstructing the electrical signals into an image representation.

5. The scanner as set forth in claim 4 wherein each array has a plurality of rows of cells generally longitudinally along the examination region, each longitudinal row of cells including elements of at least two different sizes.

6. A CT scanner comprising:

a means for defining an examination region;

a plurality of segmented arrays of radiation sensitive cells mounted peripherally around the examination region, the cells of the plurality of arrays defining at least one peripheral ring of cells around the examination region, each array having a row of radiation sensitive cells lying in the peripheral ring, each row of cells having cells with radiation sensitive faces of one of at least two different sizes in a dimension along the peripheral ring;

an image reconstruction means for constructing an image representation from electrical signals generated by the arrays.

7. A CT scanner comprising:

a means for defining an examination region;

a radiation source means for rotating a beam of radiation about the examination region;

a plurality of segmented arrays of radiation sensitive cells for receiving radiation which has transversed the examination region from the source means and for producing electrical signals indicative of the received radiation;

a sampling means for sampling the electrical signals from each cell;

a weighting and filtering means for selectively spatially weighting and temporally filtering the sampled electrical signals, the spatial weighting and temporal filtering being adjustable to match the electrical signals to a selected reconstruction algorithm;

a combining means for selectively combining the weighted and filtered electrical signals;

a logarithm means for determining a logarithm of the combined electrical signals, the logarithm means being operatively connected with the combining means; and

,

an image reconstruction means for reconstructing the electrical signals into an image representation with the selected reconstruction algorithm.

8. A CT scanner comprising:

a means for defining an examination region;

a plurality of segmented arrays of radiation sensitive cells for receiving radiation from the examination region and for producing electrical signals indicative of the received radiation, each of the arrays including radiation sensitive cells of at least first and second sizes;

a plurality of memory means, each memory means storing electrical signals from a preselected subset of cells of each of the plurality of arrays; and

,

a combining means for selectively combining stored electrical signals from the memory means, the combining means being operatively connected with an image reconstruction means for supplying the combined electrical signals thereto.

9. A CT scanner comprising:

a means for defining an examination region;

a radiation source means for rotating a beam of radiation about the examination region;

a plurality of segmented arrays of radiation sensitive cells for receiving radiation which has traversed the examination region from the source means and for producing electrical signals indicative of the received radiation, each array including a rectangular grid of cells with peripheral cell rows along a peripheral direction parallel to a periphery of the examination region and with longitudinal cell rows transverse thereto;

p1 a collimator means for adjustably screening a selective portion of selectable rows of the radiation sensitive cells; and

,

an image reconstruction means for reconstructing the electrical signals into an image representation.

10. A method of medical diagnostic imaging comprising:

rotating a fan beam of radiation around an object to be imaged;

detecting radiation which has traversed the object with a plurality of segmented arrays, each of the arrays having a two dimensional grid of radiation sensitive cells;

serially reading radiation absorption data from radiation sensitive cells of each array;

combining data from a plurality of cells; and

,

reconstructing a transverse image representation from the combined, serially read data.

11. The methods set forth in claim 10 further including logarithmically amplifying the combined, serially read data, whereby filtering and resampling of data to accommodate a selected reconstruction algorithm is facilitated.

12. The method as set forth in claim 10 further including logarithmically amplifying the serially read data before the combining step and wherein the combining step includes combining data from longitudinally adjacent cells such that the reconstructed image representation represents an image through a thicker slice of the object, whereby defining a thicker slice from smaller detectors avoids partial volume artifacts.

13. The method as set forth in claim 10 further including logarithmically amplifying the data before the combining step and wherein the combining step includes combining data from peripherally adjacent cells, whereby data is averaged while maintaining geometric efficiency of the cells.

14. A CT scanner comprising:

a means for defining an examination region;

a plurality of segmented arrays mounted in a peripheral ring around the examination region, each array including a common substrate on which a two dimensional array of solid state radiation sensitive cells are deposited, each cell receiving radiation from the examination region and producing electrical signals indicative of said received radiation;

an array of at least one of (a) transistors and (b) charged coupled devices deposited on the common substrate for serially connecting the radiation sensitive cells to output amplifiers, which output amplifiers are also disposed on the common substrate.

15. The scanner as set forth in claim 14 further including a serializing means for generating at least one output signal of serial data values indicative of radiation received by the radiation sensitive cells.

16. The scanner as set forth in claim 15 wherein the serializing means includes a CCD array and a charge injector means connected for transferring charge values indicative of radiation received from the radiation sensitive array to the CCD array, the CCD array, the CCD array being clocked to produce the output signal.

17. The scanner as set forth in claim 15 wherein the serializing means includes an array of FETs on a common substrate.

18. The scanner as set forth in claim 14 wherein the plurality of arrays defines more than two rings of radiation sensitive cells surrounding the scan circle, each ring having more than 2,000 radiation sensitive cells therein.

19. The scanner as set forth in claim 18 wherein the radiation sensitive cells include photodiodes.

20. The scanner as set forth in claim 14 wherein the cells of each array each have a radiation receiving face, a first fraction of the cell faces having a first dimension in one direction and another fraction of the cell faces having a second dimension in said first direction, the second dimension being smaller than the first dimension.