Soldering method

• US 4,967,950 A
• Filed: 10/31/1989
• Issued: 11/06/1990
• Est. Priority Date: 10/31/1989
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Original Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Inventors: Legg, Stephen P., Schrottke, Gustav
• Primary Examiner(s): HEINRICH, SAMUEL M
• Application Number:
  US07/429,880
• Time in Patent Office: 371 Days
• Field of Search: 228/180.2, 228/179, 228/123, 228/193-195, 228/238, 228/240, 228/254, 228/198
• US Class Current: 228/180.22
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2224/13111 Tin [Sn] as principal constituent
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2224/16 of an individual bump connector
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2224/81801 Soldering or alloying
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 24/81 using a bump connector
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/01006 Carbon [C]
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/01029 Copper [Cu]
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/01033 Arsenic [As]
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/0105 Tin [Sn]
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/01078 Platinum [Pt]
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/01082 Lead [Pb]
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/01322 Eutectic Alloys, i.e. obtained by a liquid transforming into two solid phases
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/014 Solder alloys
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/09701 Low temperature co-fired ceramic [LTCC]
• CPC Class Codes: H05K 3/3436 having an array of bottom contacts, e.g. pad grid array or ball grid array components
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 70/50 Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Abstract

A method is described for attaching circuit chips to a flexible substrate (laminate) using controlled chip collapse connection technology (C-4). The substrate is "tinned" with an alloy of eutectic composition in its contact region with the solder balls on the base of the chip. The alloy and the solder are chosen such that they are miscible. The system temperature is raised above the alloy melting point thus causing the alloy and the solder to mix, the mixture composition moving away from the eutectic composition with time and thus raising its melting point. Eventually the mixture melting point is higher than the temperature at which the system is maintained and the mixture solidifies to form a contact. In this way contact between the chip and the flexible substrate can be effected at a temperature below the melting point of the pure solder and lower than one which would result in degradation of the laminate adhesive.

Claims

1. A soldering method for direct attachment of electronic chips to a flexible circuitized substrate comprising the steps of:

providing a first solid solder on contacts of said chips;

providing a second solder in which said first solder is miscible on contact pads on said flexible substrate;

placing said chips at corresponding pads on said flexible circuitized substrate;

heating where said first and second solders interface for effecting eutectic bonding therebetween.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein providing said first solder includes:

providing a tin-lead solder, with tin forming between 3% and 10% thereof.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein providing said second solder includes:

choosing from tin-lead solders, one having a reflow temperature in the range from about 175-190 deg. C.

4. The method of claims 1, 2 or 3 wherein providing said second solder includes:

providing solder composed of 63% tin and 37% lead.

5. The method of claims 1, 2 or 3 wherein said heating step includes:

using a thermode for applying heat at said interface of said first and second solders.

6. The method of claim 1 including an additional step of:

simultaneously with said heating step, applying uniform pressure at every point along said interface of said first and second solders.

7. The method of claim 6 wherein said applying step includes:

using a mass associated with said thermode for applying uniform pressure.

8. The methods of claim 1 or 6 wherein said heating step comprises:

providing an atmosphere surrounding said interface at an elevated temperature sufficient to reflow said second solder; and

said applying step includes providing a weight on said chip.

11. The method of claim 5 including an additional step of:

simultaneously with said heating step applying uniform pressure at every point along said interface of said first and second solders.

9. A soldering method for direct attachment of electronic chips to a flexible, circuitized laminated substrate comprising the steps of:

coating contacts on said chips with a tin-lead solder, with tin comprising about 3-10% thereof;

covering contact pads on said substrate with 63% tin, 37% lead solder;

placing said chips on said substrate so as to align chip contacts and corresponding contact pads on said substrate; and

heating said solder covering said contact pads to a temperature for reflowing said solder, while applying uniform pressure, and effecting a eutectic bond between said chip and said substrate.

10. The method of claim 9 wherein said heating step includes:

bringing a weighted thermode into contact with said chips.