Medication clock

• US 4,970,669 A
• Filed: 04/14/1989
• Issued: 11/13/1990
• Est. Priority Date: 02/19/1985
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Kenneth B. Mcintosh
• Original Assignee: Kenneth B. Mcintosh
• Inventors: Stout, Donald E., McIntosh, Kenneth B., Pratt, James O.
• Primary Examiner(s): Teska, Kevin J.
• Application Number:
  US07/338,594
• Time in Patent Office: 578 Days
• Field of Search: 364/569, 364/479, 364/413.02, 364/413.03, 364/413.04, 340/309.4, 340/309.15, 340/309.3, 340/309.05, 368/10, 368/251, 221/2, 221/3, 221/15
• US Class Current: 702/177
• CPC Class Codes: A61J 2200/30 Compliance analysis for taking medication
• CPC Class Codes: A61J 2205/10 Bar codes
• CPC Class Codes: A61J 2205/30 Printed labels
• CPC Class Codes: A61J 2205/70 Audible labels, e.g. for pre-recorded info or messages
• CPC Class Codes: A61J 7/04 Arrangements for time indication or reminder for taking medicine, e.g. programmed dispensers
• CPC Class Codes: A61J 7/0418 with electronic history memory
• CPC Class Codes: A61J 7/0454 for dispensing of multiple drugs
• CPC Class Codes: A61J 7/0463 for multiple patients
• CPC Class Codes: A61J 7/0481 working on a schedule basis
• CPC Class Codes: G04G 9/0064 in which functions not related to time can be displayed digital output to display devices of digital computers G06F3/14

Abstract

A programmed clock is disclosed for signalling a person times that dosages of medication are to be taken in compliance with a medication schedule. A record producing apparatus is provided for producing a record of the person'"'"'s compliance with the medication regimen. A control, including a programmed timer, determines the time the dosages of medication are to be taken from a plurality of compartments. The program activates the record producing apparatus to provide textual messages used for generation of a record of compliance with the programmed medication schedule including times at which medications were taken and times at which medications were not taken.

Claims

1. A medication clock comprising:

(a) a plurality of compartments with each compartment being separately usable for holding one or more medications to be taken by a person and permitting access to any medication stored in a compartment at all times;

(b) a programmable timing means which produces a medication signal indicating the time that a person is to take one or more medications to be taken at specific times and an indication that a dosage of medication has not been taken in response to a medication signal;

(c) means, responsive to the medication signal produced by the programmable timing means, to produce an alarm for alerting the person that it is time to take a particular medication;

(d) means, located in proximity to each of said compartments, separately activable for producing an acknowledgment signal that any one of the medications stored in one of the compartments has been taken;

(e) a memory, coupled to the programmable timing means, for storing an identification of each medication taken and the time and date of taking each dosage of each medication as signalled by the occurrence of an acknowledgment signal by one of the means for producing an acknowledgment signal, and further storing an identification of each medication and the time that a dosage of a medication was not taken in response to the medication signal; and

(f) record producing means, coupled to the memory, for providing a dosage record of the stored identification of each medication and the time of taking each dosage of medication taken for each of the medications being taken, and an identification of each medication and the time that each dosage was missed.

2. A medication clock in accordance with claim 1 further comprising:

(a) a control means for programming the programmable timing means with the time and date of a scheduled appointment with health care personnel; and

wherein

(b) the programmable timing means causes the record producing means to produce a message advising of a scheduled appointment in advance of the time and date of the scheduled appointment.

3. A medication clock in accordance with claim 1 wherein:

(a) the programmable timing means monitors time between the initiation of an alarm signal and when an acknowledgment signal is generated in response to an alarm; and

(b) the record producing means provides a record of the identification of a medication taken from each one of the compartments and the time of the generation of an acknowledgment signal by the means for producing an acknowledgment signal in proximity to the compartment which contained the medication that was taken, and, in response to the programmable timing means, provides a record that a medication located in one of the compartments, which was to be taken in response to an alarm, was not taken within a predetermined time measured from the beginning of the alarm.

4. A medication clock in accordance with claim 1 wherein:

the means which are separately activable are each located in proximity to a different one of the compartments.

5. A medication clock in accordance with claim 1 wherein:

(a) the programmable timing means produces an indication when two or more successive dosages of a medication have been missed; and

(b) the record producing means, in response to the programmable means producing an indication that two or more successive dosages have been missed, produces a message for a person to seek assistance prior to taking the missed dosages of medication.

6. A medication clock in accordance with claim 5 wherein:

the assistance is for a health care professional to be consulted prior to taking any of the two or more missed dosages.

7. A medication clock in accordance with claim 1 wherein:

each of the medications may be taken either in response to an alarm or not in response to an alarm; and

the means which are separately activable produce an acknowledgment signal in response to medications taken either in response to or not in response to an alarm.

8. A medication clock in accordance with claim 7 further comprising:

(a) a read only memory having a plurality of stored identifications of medication which are stored at addressed locations within the read only memory;

(b) means for entering a code for correlating an identification of a medication stored in the read only memory with one of the plurality of compartments which is to store the medication; and

(c) a control means causing the storage in the memory, at the time of generation of an acknowledgment signal from a means for producing an acknowledgment signal in proximity to a compartment, of the identification of the medication stored in the read only memory which has been correlated with the compartment in proximity with the means for producing an acknowledgment signal.

9. A medication clock in accordance with claim 7 wherein:

the record producing means is a printer.

10. A medication clock in accordance with claim 7 wherein:

(a) the programmable timing means also produces an indication of the date that each dosage is to be taken; and

(b) the date of occurrence of each acknowledgment signal is stored in the memory for storing the time of occurrence of each acknowledgment signal and is provided as part of the dosage record by the record producing means.

11. A medication clock in accordance with claim 7 wherein:

(a) each means located in proximity to each of the compartments for producing an acknowledgment signal has an associated latch coupled thereto for storing an acknowledgment signal produced thereby; and

(b) the programmable timing means cyclically reads each of the latches and when any one of the latches which is read has been set, the programmable timing means causes the storage in the memory of a time and date of when a medication was taken from a compartment associated with the set latch and an identification of the medication which was taken and thereafter resets the latch.

20. A medication clock in accordance with claim 10 wherein:

(a) the means located for producing an acknowledgment signal has an associated latch coupled thereto for storing an acknowledgment signal produced thereby; and

(b) the programmable timing means cyclically reads each of the latches and when any one of the latches which is read has been set, the programmable timing means causes the storage in the memory of a time and date of when a medication was taken and an identification of the medication which was taken and thereafter resets the latch.

12. A medication clock for one or more medications chosen from medications which have individual dosages to be taken by a person at specific times which are available to be taken at all times comprising:

(a) programmable timing means for signalling the times that dosages of one or more medications are to be taken and signalling when two or more successive dosages of a medication have been missed;

(b) means, responsive to the signal produced by the programmable timing means that a medication is to be taken at a specific time, for producing an alarm for alerting the person that it is time to take a particular medication;

(c) means, activable by the person, for producing an acknowledgment signal that any one of the medications has been taken in response to an alarm or not in response to an alarm, a distinct acknowledgment signal being produced for each of the medications being taken;

(d) a memory, coupled to the programmable timing means for storing the time of occurrence of each of the acknowledgment signals and an identification of the medication which was taken and for storing when two or more successive dosages of a medication were missed an identification of each medication and the times of the missed dosages; and

(e) record producing means, coupled to the memory, for providing a dosage record of the stored identification of the medication, and time of each dosage of medication taken for each of the medications being taken in response to the alarm and for providing a message when two or more consecutive dosages of a medication have been missed.

13. A medication clock in accordance with claim 12 wherein:

(a) the programmable timing means monitors the time between the initiation of an alarm signal and when an acknowledgment signal is generated in response to an alarm; and

(b) the record producing means functions to provide a record of the identification of a medication taken and the time that the medication was taken upon the generation of an acknowledgment signal by the means for producing an acknowledgment signal, and, in response to the programmable timing means, functions to provide a record that a medication, which was to be taken in response to an alarm, was not taken within a predetermined time measured from the beginning of the alarm.

14. A medication clock in accordance with claim 12 wherein:

the memory stores a compartment identification as the identification of the medication that was taken from the compartment.

15. A medication clock in accordance with claim 12 wherein:

the means which are separately activable are each located in proximity to a different one of the compartments.

16. A medication clock in accordance with claim 12 wherein:

the message further indicates that assistance should be sought from health care personnel.

17. A medication clock in accordance with claim 16 wherein:

the memory further stores the date of each acknowledgment signal.

18. A medication clock in accordance with claim 16 wherein:

the record producing means is a printer.

19. A medication clock in accordance with claim 16 further comprising:

(a) a read only memory having a plurality of stored identifications of medication which are stored at addressed locations within the read only memory;

(b) means for entering a code for correlating an identification of a medication stored in the read only memory with one of the plurality of compartments which is to store the medication; and

(c) a control means causing the storage in the memory, at the time of generation of an acknowledgment signal from a means for producing an acknowledgment signal in proximity to a compartment, of the identification of the medication stored in the read only memory which has been correlated with the compartment in proximity with the means for producing an acknowledgment signal.

21. A medication clock comprising:

(a) a plurality of compartments with each compartment being separately usable for holding one or more medications to be taken by a person;

(b) a programmable timing means which produces a medication dispensing signal indicating the time that a person is to take one or more medications to be taken at specific times;

(c) means, responsive to the medication dispensing signal produced by the programmable timing means, for producing an alarm for alerting the person that it is time to take a medication located within one of the compartments;

(d) means located in proximity to each of said compartments which are separately activable by the person for producing an acknowledgment signal that any one of the medications stored in one of the compartments has been taken;

(e) a memory, coupled to the programmable timing means, for storing the time of occurrence of each acknowledgment signal produced by one of the means for producing an acknowledgment signal and an identification of the compartment in proximity therewith and for storing prerecorded information to be used for correlating an actual identification of the medications being taken with the compartment number which is recorded with each acknowledgment signal; and

(f) record producing means, coupled to the memory, for providing a record of the prerecorded information permitting a correlation to be made between the actual medication being taken and the compartment number within which the medication is being stored and a dosage record of the identification of the compartment storing the medication, and time of each dosage of the medication for each of the medications being taken by the person; and

wherein

(g) the programmable timing means monitors the time between the initiation of an alarm signal and when an acknowledgment signal is generated in response to the alarm; and

(h) the record producing means provides a record of the identification of a medication taken from one of the compartments and the time that the medication was taken upon the generation of an acknowledgment signal by the means for producing an acknowledgment signal in proximity with the compartment which contained the medication that was taken, and, in response to the programmable timing means, provides a record that a medication located in one of the compartments, which was to be taken in response to an alarm, was not taken within a predetermined time measured from the beginning of the alarm.

22. A medication clock in accordance with claim 21 wherein:

(a) the programmable timing means also produces an indication of the date that each dosage is to be taken; and

(b) the date of occurrence of each acknowledgment signal is stored in the memory for storing the time of occurrence of each acknowledgment signal and is provided as part of the dosage record by the record producing means.

23. A medication clock in accordance with claim 21 wherein:

the record producing means is a printer.

24. A medication clock in accordance with claim 21 wherein:

the memory stores a compartment identification as the identification of the medication that was taken from the compartment.

25. A medication clock in accordance with claim 21 wherein:

the means which are separately activable are each located in proximity to a different one of the compartments.

26. A medication clock comprising:

(a) a plurality of compartments with each compartment being separately usable for holding one or more medications to be taken by a person;

(b) a programmable timing means which produces a medication dispensing signal indicating the time that a person is to take one or more medications to be taken at specific times;

(c) means, responsive to the medication dispensing signal produced by the programmable timing means, for producing an alarm for alerting the person that it is time to take a medication located within one of the compartments;

(d) means located in proximity to each of said compartments which are separately activable by the person for producing an acknowledgment signal that any one of the medications stored in one of the compartments has been taken;

(e) a memory, coupled to the programmable timing means, for storing the time of occurrence of each acknowledgment signal produced by one of the means for producing an acknowledgment signal and an identification of the compartment in proximity therewith and for storing prerecorded information to be used for correlating an actual identification of the medications being taken with the compartment number which is recorded with each acknowledgment signal; and

(f) record producing means, coupled to the memory, for providing a record of the prerecorded information permitting a correlation to be made between the actual medication being taken and the compartment number within which the medication is being stored and a dosage record of the identification of the compartment storing the medication, and time of each dosage of medication for each of the medications being taken by the person; and

wherein

(g) the record producing means is a printer;

(h) the programmed timing means produces an indication when two or more successive dosages of a medication have been missed; and

(i) the record producing means, in response to the programmable means producing an indication that two or more successive dosages have been missed, produces a message for a person to seek assistance prior to taking the missed dosages of medication.

27. A medication clock comprising:

(a) a plurality of compartments with each compartment being separately usable for holding one or more medications to be taken by a person;

(b) a programmable timing means which produces a medication dispensing signal indicating the time that a person is to take one or more medications to be taken at specific times;

(c) means, responsive to the medication dispensing signal produced by the programmable timing means, for producing an alarm for alerting the person that it is time to take a medication located within one of the compartments;

(d) means located in proximity to each of said compartments which are separately activable by the person for producing an acknowledgment signal that any one of the medications stored in one of the compartments has been taken;

(e) a memory, coupled to the programmable timing means, for storing the time of occurrence of each acknowledgment signal produced by one of the means for producing an acknowledgment signal and an identification of the compartment in proximity therewith and for storing prerecorded information to be used for correlating an actual identification of the medications being taken with the compartment number which is recorded with each acknowledgment signal; and

(f) record producing means, coupled to the memory, for providing a record of the prerecorded information permitting a correlation to be made between the actual medication being taken and the compartment number within which the medication is being stored and a dosage record of the identification of the compartment storing the medication, and time of each dosage of medication for each of the medications being taken by the person; and

wherein

(g) the record producing means is a printer;

(h) the programmed timing means is programmable with the time and date of a scheduled appointment with health care personnel; and

(i) the programmable timing causes the record producing means to produce a message advising of a scheduled appointment in advance of the time and date of the scheduled appointment.

28. A medication clock comprising:

a plurality of compartments with each compartment being separately usable for holding one or more prescription medications to be taken by a person with prescriptions which may be refilled;

(b) a programmable timing means which produces a medication dispensing signal each time that the one or more medications is to be taken at a programmed time and a refill signal at a time which is determined from a programmed time that a last dosage of a medication is to be taken;

(c) means, responsive to the medication dispensing signal produced by the programmable timing means, for producing an alarm for alerting the person that it is time to take a medication located within one of the compartments;

(d) means, located in proximity to each of said compartments, which are separately activable by the person, for producing an acknowledgment signal that any one of the medications stored in one of the compartments has been taken;

(e) a memory, coupled to the programmable timing means and to the means for producing an acknowledgment signal, for storing the time of occurrence of each acknowledgment signal produced by one of the means for producing an acknowledgment signal and an identification of the medication taken from one of the compartments; and

(f) record producing means, coupled to the memory and to the programmable timing means, for providing a dosage record of the stored identification of the medication and time of each dosage of medication taken by the person for each of the medications being taken by the person under the control of the programmable timing means in response to an alarm and a message produced in response to the refill signal that a prescription may require refilling.

29. A medication clock in accordance with claim 28 wherein:

the memory stores a compartment identification as the identification of the medication that was taken from the compartment.

30. A medication clock comprising:

(a) a plurality of compartments with each compartment being separately usable for holding one or more medications to be taken by a person either in response to an alarm or not in response to an alarm with the medications being accessible in the compartments at all times;

(b) a programmable timing means which produces a medication signal indicating the time that a person is to take one or more medications to be taken at specific times and an indication that a dosage of medication has not been taken in response to a medication signal;

(c) means, responsive to the medication signal produced by the programmable timing means, to produce an alarm for alerting the person that it is time to take a particular medication;

(d) means, which are separately activable, for producing an acknowledgment signal that any one of the medications stored in one of the compartments has been taken either in response to an alarm or not in response to an alarm;

(e) a memory, coupled to the programmable timing means, for storing an identification of each medication taken and the time and date of taking each dosage of each medication as signalled by the occurrence of an acknowledgment signal by one of the means for producing an acknowledgment signal, and further storing an identification of the medication and the time that a dosage of a medication was not taken in response to the medication signal; and

(f) means, coupled to the memory, for providing an output of a dosage record of the stored identification of each medication and the time of taking each dosage of medication taken for each of the medications being taken, and an identification of each medication and the time that each dosage was missed.

31. A medication clock for one or more medications chosen from medications which have individual dosages to be taken by a person at specific times comprising:

(a) a programmable timing means for signalling the times that dosages of one or more medications are to be taken and signalling when two or more successive dosages of a medication have been missed;

(b) means, responsive to the signal produced by the programmable timing means that a medication is to be taken at a specific time, for producing an alarm for alerting the person that it is time to take a particular medication;

(c) means, activable by the person, for producing an acknowledgment signal that any one of the medications has been taken either in response to an alarm or not in response to an alarm, a distinct acknowledgment signal being produced for each of the medications being taken;

(d) a memory, coupled to the programmable timing means, for storing the time of occurrence of each acknowledgment signal and an identification of the medication which was taken and for storing when two or more successive dosages of a medication were missed an identification of each medication and the times of the missed dosages; and

(e) record producing means, coupled to the memory, for providing an output of a dosage record of the stored identification of the medication, and time of each dosage of medication taken for each of the medications being taken in response to the alarm and for providing a message when two or more consecutive dosages of a medication have been missed.

32. A medication clock comprising:

(a) a plurality of compartments with each compartment being separately usable for holding one or more prescription medications to be taken by a person with prescriptions which may be refilled and permitting access to any medications stored in a compartment at any time;

(b) a programmable timing means which produces a medication dispensing signal indicating each time that at least one medication is to be taken at a programmed time and a refill signal at a time which is determined from a programmed time that a last dosage of the medication is to be taken;

(c) means, responsive to the medication dispensing signal produced by the programmable timing means, for producing an alarm for alerting the person that it is time to take a medication located within one of the compartments;

(d) means, located in proximity to each of said compartments, separately activable by the person for producing an acknowledgment signal that any one of the medications stored in one of the compartments has been taken;

(e) a memory, coupled to the programmable timing means and to the means for producing an acknowledgment signal, for storing the time of occurrence of each acknowledgment signal produced by one of the means for producing an acknowledgment signal and an identification of the medication taken from one of the compartments; and

(f) means, coupled to the memory and to the programmable timing means, for providing an output of a dosage record of the stored identification of the medication and time of each dosage of medication taken by the person for each of the medications being taken by the person under the control of the programmable timing means in response to an alarm and a message produced in response to the refill signal that a prescription may require refilling.