Lighting devices with quantum electric/light power converters

• US 4,972,094 A
• Filed: 01/20/1988
• Issued: 11/20/1990
• Est. Priority Date: 01/20/1988
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Alvin M. Marks
• Original Assignee: Alvin M. Marks
• Inventors: Marks, Alvin M.
• Primary Examiner(s): Shoop, Jr., William M.
• Assistant Examiner(s): IP, SHIK LUEN PAUL
• Application Number:
  US07/146,229
• Time in Patent Office: 1,035 Days
• Field of Search: 307/11, 307/132 R, 307/41, 307/38, 307/40, 307/148, 307/149, 307/150, 315/47, 315/49, 315/53, 315/58, 315/62, 315/64, 315/71, 315/73, 315/76, 315/91, 315/84, 315/133, 315/152, 315/155, 315/158, 315/161, 315/169.1, 315/169.4, 315/171, 315/176 , 315/290, 315/200 R, 315/185 R, 315/185 S, 315/189, 315/190, 315/191, 315/192, 315/267, 315/315, 315/316, 315/311, 315/312, 315/326, 362/80, 362/224, 362/355, 313/498, 313/499, 313/491, 313/512, 313/500, 313/511, 313/582, 313/497, 313/579, 360/716, 360/762, 360/766, 360/771, 360/772, 360/782, 360/753, 360/719, 250/542, 250/552, 250/553, 350/345, 357/32, 357/45, 357/17, 358/56, 358/230, 358/240, 358/241
• US Class Current: 307/150
• CPC Class Codes: F21K 9/00 Light sources using semiconductor devices as light-generating elements, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] or lasers
• CPC Class Codes: F21S 8/086 with lighting device attached sideways of the standard, e.g. for roads and highways
• CPC Class Codes: F21S 9/037 the solar unit and the lighting unit being located within or on the same housing
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 25/0753 the devices being arranged next to each other
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/00 Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/0002 Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 33/0004 Devices characterised by their operation
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 5/18375 based on metal reflectors
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 5/423 having a vertical cavity
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 33/12 Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 20/72 in street lighting

Abstract

Lighting devices are described in which the light source comprises a plurality of light emitting structures utilizing the direct conversion of electron energy to photon energy, at high efficiency. Structures are described which will emit color or white light. The lighting devices include thin light sources which emit polarized light in a radiation lobe pattern or as a parallel beam of light, useful for ceiling panels for general polarized nonglare lighting, street lighting, polarized automobile nonglare systems, and long life white light electric lighting lightbulbs with screwin sockets for 120v AC, which are self rectifying. A solar powered street lamp system is also described.

Claims

1. A quantum electric/light source comprising an insulating sheet, a surface on said sheet, a quantum electric/light converter structure, a plurality of said structures supported on said surface in a thin sheet-like planar light-emitter array, electron means in said structure, said structures being connected in a circuit, terminals on said surface, conducting busses on said surface connected to said terminals, said circuit being connected to said busses, an external source of electric energy connected to said terminals, said source applying a voltage drop across said structure to supply energy to said electron, means the energy of said electron means being converted to photon energy emitted as light from said surface.

2. A quantum electric/light source according to claim 1, in which said light-emitting structures are connected in a series/parallel configuration.

3. A quantum electric/light source according to claim 1 in which said light emitting structure comprises an asymmetric metal-insulator-metal tunnel junction in a metal strip.

4. A quantum electric/light source according to claim 3, in which said light-emitting structures are connected in a series/parallel/offset configuration.

5. A quantum electric/light source according to claim 1, in which said light-emitting structures are connected in a series/parallel configuration, the said structures in series being adjacent parallel lines having having respectively n═

a, b, c structures, a structures in the first line, b structures in the second line and c structures in the third line, the same potential being applied across each of said series lines, a different voltage being thereby applied across the structures in each of the first, second and third lines, said emissions being merged, whereby white light is emitted from said surface.

6. A quantum electric/light source according to claim 1, in which said electric energy source supplies alternating current and voltage, said light emitting structures being connected across said source, the sinusidal variation of said voltage causing a periodic variation in the wavelength of the light emitted from said structures, whereby white light is emitted by the said device.

7. A quantum electric/light source according to claim 1, in which said light is emitted from said structures in a radiation pattern in a plane normal to said surface, said emitted light being polarized.

8. A quantum electric/light source according to claim 1, comprising a planar laser system, a first component of said system further comprising a light reflecting layer on said surface, a first transparent layer on said reflecting layer, a second component of said system further comprising said planar array of said light emitting structures on said first transparent layer, a second transparent layer layer on said planar array, and a third component of said system further comprising a semitransparent reflecting layer on said second transparent layer, said first and second transparent layers each having a thickness t_o =λ

/4n, where λ

is the wavelength of the said photon, λ and

t_o being in Angstroms, and where n is the index of refraction of each of said transparent layers, the system of the said first, second and third components constituting a planar optical cavity on said sheet whereby the emission of coherent light is stimulated and emitted as a parallel laser beam normal to the said surface.

9. A quantum electric/light source according to claim 1 positioned in a lighting device, said source supplying light to said device.

10. A quantum electric/light source according to claim 9, in which said lighting devise comprising a module, said module comprises a plurality of said structures in lines on said surface, said lines being positioned radially about an axis normal to said surface, busses concentric about said axis, said structures in said lines being connected in series between said busses, a transparent material, said material having the configuration of a cone with its axis coinciding with the normal axis, whereby light emitted normal to said surface is totally internally reflected from the inside of said cone, and distributed radially downward at an angle of about 60°

to said axis, thereby providing a field of nonglare polarized illumination.

11. A quantum electric/light source according to claim 10, in which said lighting devise comprises a horizontally positioned ceiling panel, a plurality of said modules positioned in spaced relationship on said panel adapted to provide a radial distribution of polarized light rays downward about a normal to said panel, said rays being polarized with their electric vector in the plane of incidence of said rays onto a horizontal viewing surface, whereby the said rays are refracted into said viewing surface, gloss reflection therefrom being decreased, and viewing contrast increased.

12. A quantum electric/light source according to claim 10 in which said comprise a polarized ceiling panel, lighting device sound absorbing material, said sound absorbing material being located between said spaced modules.

13. A quantum electric/light source according to claim 9 in which said lighting device comprise a street-lamp, a plurality of said sheet-like planar light emitting arrays, said sheets being positioned in said street-lamp respectively horizontally and at an angle to the horizontal, said sheets providing a predetermined pattern of polarized light in a forward and downward direction.

14. A quantum electric/light source according to claim 9, in which said light system comprises a light/electric power converter, an electric power means for storing or supplying electric power, an electric circuit, an electronic control device in said electric circuit, whereby said means supplies electric power to said lighting device during the dark hours of the day, and whereby said converter supplies electric power and stores it in said means during the sunny hours of the day.

15. A quantum electric/light source according to claim 14, in which said ligthing system comprises differential recording watthour meter in said electric control circuit, whereby the difference in the flow of electric energy to and from said means is recorded.

16. A quantum electric/light source according to claim 14, in which said light/electric power converter is a photovoltaic light electric power converter.

17. A quantum electric/light source according to claim 14, in which said light/electric power converter comprises a quantum light/electric power converter.

18. A quantum electric/light source according to claim 14, in which said means is the electric supply grid or a storage battery.

19. A quantum electric/light source according to claim 7, further comprising a light transmitting envelope, said light emitter being located on a small area near the center of said envelope, a socket attached to said envelope, said electric power source being connected to said socket to provide power to said light source, said light being projected out of said envelope in a light distribution pattern.

20. A quantum electric/light source according to claim 1, further comprising a light transmitting envelope, said light source being located on a small area near the center of said envelope, said source emitting a parallel laser beam of light, a source of electric power, a socket attached to said envelope, said socket being adapted to attach to said electric power source, said emitter being connected to said socket, an optical means located within said envelope for gathering and spreading the said beam toward said envelope, whereby the said light is transmitted through said envelope in a light distribution pattern.

21. A quantum electric/light source according to claim 9, in which said lighting device further comprising an envelope surrounding said device, said envelope being light-diffusing.