Encoding system

• US 4,972,471 A
• Filed: 05/15/1989
• Issued: 11/20/1990
• Est. Priority Date: 05/15/1989
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Dale, James, Gary Gross
• Original Assignee: Dale, James, Gary Gross
• Inventors: Dale, James, Gross, Gary
• Primary Examiner(s): Tarcza, Thomas H.
• Assistant Examiner(s): SWANN, TOD R
• Application Number:
  US07/351,591
• Time in Patent Office: 554 Days
• Field of Search: 380/3, 380/5, 360/5, 360/25, 360/49, 360/55, 360/60, 360/72.1, 360/72.2, 369/27, 369/28, 369/48, 369/49
• US Class Current: 455/2.01
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2211/007 Encryption, En-/decode, En-/decipher, En-/decypher, Scramble, (De-)compress
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 20/00086 Circuits for prevention of unauthorised reproduction or copying, e.g. piracy indicating unauthorised use of record carriers in general G11B23/28; scrambling for television signal recording H04N5/913; network architectures or network protocols for network security H04L63/00; cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communication H04L9/00
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 20/00123 the record carrier being identified by recognising some of its unique characteristics, e.g. a unique defect pattern serving as a physical signature of the record carrier
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 20/00884 involving a watermark, i.e. a barely perceptible transformation of the original data which can nevertheless be recognised by an algorithm
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 27/3027 used signal is digitally coded
• CPC Class Codes: H04H 20/31 using in-band signals, e.g. subsonic or cue signal

Abstract

The method of encoding a given recorded signal made up of a host of different frequencies comprises modifying the recorded signal to selectively alter in a known manner a portion of the recorded signal to produce a machine recognizable start code which is generally unperceptible to human recognition when the recorded signal is played in its intended manner. The signal is scanned and immediately after the start code, an identity code is generated based on the particular signal characteristics which collectively are unique to the recorded signal and by means of which the recorded signal can be identified. A recorded signal which has been encoded in accordance with this method has a start code which can be machine recognized during playing of the recorded signal. This recognized start code locates a portion of the signal used to identify the same. Apparatus for carrying out this particular method, both in encoding of the recorded signal and scanning of signals which have been encoded, form part of the present invention. This invention is particularly useful for monitoring of broadcast signals having included therein material covered by copyright.

Claims

1. A method of encoding a given recorded signal made up of a host of frequencies, comprising:

modifying the recorded signal to selectively alter in a known manner a portion of said recorded signal to produce a machine recognizable start code which is generally imperceptible to normal human recognition when the recorded signal is played in its intended manner and analyzing said signal after said start code to generate an identity code based upon particular signal characteristics which collectively are unique to the original recorded signal and by means of which the recorded signal can be identified.

2. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said start code is a digital signal produced by intermittently blanking out at least one selected frequency for short durations to produce a digital start code.

3. A method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the signal is an audio signal and said start code is provided in at least two different frequencies.

4. A method as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the recorded signal is an audio signal and said start code is only incorporated in the recorded signal when there is sufficient energy in the surrounding frequencies to mask the start code from perception by the human ear.

5. A method as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, including initially scanning said recorded signal for an appropriate signal portion into which the start code may be introduced and noting the location information of the appropriate signal portion, and thereafter by means of the information introducing the start code into the appropriate signal portion.

6. A method as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein said start code is encoded in a portion of the signal less than 1 second in length.

7. A method as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, including scanning said recorded signal for an appropriate signal portion into which the start code may be introduced, noting location information of the appropriate signal portion and subsequently, by means of the location information, introduce the start code into the appropriate signal portion, and wherein said start code is at least an 8 bit word.

8. A method as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, including scanning said recorded signal for an appropriate signal portion into which the start code may be introduced, noting location information of the appropriate signal portion and subsequently, by means of the location information, introduce the start code into the appropriate signal portion, and wherein said start code is at least an 8 bit word encoded at about 33 bits per second.

9. A method as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein said step of modifying the recorded signal can occur in at least one of five different preselected encoding frequencies which are components of the diatonic scale.

10. A method as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein said step of modifying the recorded signal can occur in at least one of five different preselected encoding frequencies, and wherein the five different encoding frequencies are generally 524 Hz, 622 Hz, 1109 Hz, 1760 Hz, and 1397 Hz.

11. A method as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein said step of modifying the recorded signal occurs in a frequency or harmonic of a frequency of the diatonic scale.

12. An encoder for encoding of a recorded audio signal, comprising:

scanning means for scanning said recorded signal and determining therefrom a preferred location within the recorded signal for introducing a start code into the signal;

means for noting information of the preferred location to allow the subsequent step of introducing the start code;

means for using the information to return to the preferred location and introducing the start code;

means for processing the signal in accordance with the start code and an algorithm for processing of the undisturbed recorded audio signal following the start code to produce an identity code unique to the recorded audio signal, and

means for recording of the unique identity code.

13. An encoder as claimed in claim 12, wherein said monitoring means includes frequency filtering means used to process said audio signal by processing particular frequencies of the audio signal into which the start code is introduced.

14. An encoder as claimed in claim 13, wherein said filtering means is also used by said means for processing the signal whereby the identity code is derived from particular frequencies of the recorded audio signal.

15. An encoder as claimed in claim 13, wherein the start code is introduced into at least two separate and distinct frequencies.

16. An encoder as claimed in claim 15, wherein said frequency filtering means processes at least five separate and distinct frequencies of said audio signal selected from a frequency or harmonic of a frequency of the diatonic scale.

17. A monitoring system comprising:

means for receiving, from a predetermined source, a signal coded with a start code and followed with a signal portion which has not been coded and means for processing of the received signal to determine if a predetermined start code is provided in said received signal and means for subsequent processing of said following uncoded portion of said received signal upon recognition of a start code by using pattern recognition processing based upon said following portion to extract an identity code from the received signal based upon the characteristics of the signal following the start code,

and means for recording of the identity code.

18. A monitoring system as claimed in claim 17, wherein said means for processing of the received signal filters the signal into a number of monitoring frequencies which are monitored for the start code and which are used for pattern recognition processing.

19. A monitoring system as claimed in claim 18, including computer means for comparing the identity code with known identity codes for credit allocation.

20. A monitoring system as claimed in claim 19, wherein at least five monitoring frequencies are used and said monitoring system is for radio signals.