Microtexture for close-in detail

• US 4,974,176 A
• Filed: 12/18/1987
• Issued: 11/27/1990
• Est. Priority Date: 12/18/1987
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Intel Corporation
• Original Assignee: General Electric Company
• Inventors: Buchner, Gregory C., Fadden, Richard G. Jr.
• Primary Examiner(s): CLARK, DAVID
• Application Number:
  US07/135,003
• Time in Patent Office: 1,075 Days
• Field of Search: 364/518, 364/521, 364/522, 340/747, 340/728, 340/729
• US Class Current: 345/428
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 15/50 Lighting effects

Abstract

In a computer image generation system, as a viewpoint approaches a surface of an object and is closer than a predetermined threshold distance from the surface, a texture pattern obtained from cell data becomes fuzzy, and may not provide adequate motion cues for training, such as piloting an airplane. In accordance with the present invention, apparatus and method provide random data at a predetermined derived level of detail for combining with cell data to define the surface including texture of the object when the object is closer to the viewpoint than the threshold distance. The apparatus may be readily retrofitted into an existing system.

Claims

1. In a computer image generation system, a method for defining detail including texture of a surface of an object of a scene to be displayed, wherein the object is disposed between a viewpoint and a proximate boundary of a predetermined maximum level of detail of the system, the method comprising:

obtaining first data representative of the object at the maximum level of detail;

obtaining random data at a predetermined derived level of detail in response to a distance from the viewpoint to the object; and

combining the first data and the random data to form image data, wherein the image data define detail including texture of the surface of the object.

2. The method as in claim 1, wherein the random data include fractal data.

3. The method as in claim 1, further including obtaining the random data from a source of random data and predeterminedly attenuating the random data so that the resulting attenuated random data are at the derived level of detail.

4. The method as in claim 1, further including displaying the scene including the object, wherein a display of the object exhibits texture in response to the image data.

5. The method as in claim 1, wherein the first data are available from cells having a predetermined size and each having a predetermined intensity value, and the random data are available from a plurality of mini-cells having the predetermined size and further each mini-cell including a respective plurality of information centers for supplying the random data, wherein the step of obtaining random data includes:

randomly selecting one of the plurality of mini-cells; and

selecting data from predetermined ones of the information centers of the randomly selected one of the plurality of mini-cells, wherein the data from the predetermined ones of the information centers of the randomly selected mini-cell constitute the random data.

6. The method as in claim 5, wherein the step of selecting data includes selecting data from predetermined ones of the information centers whose centers define the vertices of a polygon containing the center of a projection of a pixel to be displayed.

7. The method as in claim 5, wherein the step of obtaining first data includes obtaining first data in response to the location of a predetermined area of the scene to be displayed, and further wherein randomly selecting includes randomly selecting in response to the location of the predetermined area of the scene to be displayed.

8. The method as in claim 1, further including:

obtaining second data representative of the object at a second level of detail, wherein the second level of detail is less than the maximum level of detail;

predeterminedly proportionately blending the first and second data to form image data for defining detail including texture for the surface of the object when the distance from the view-point to the object is greater than a predetermined threshold distance; and

predeterminedly proportionately blending the first data and the random data to form the image data for defining the detail including texture of the surface of the object when the distance from the view-point to the object is less than the threshold distance.

9. In a computer image generation system for generating an image of an object, including a texture pattern for a surface of the object, from stored data by intensity control of pixels forming the image of the object, wherein the stored data include first and second cell data having a respective predetermined cell size and each cell having a predetermined intensity value, apparatus for supplementing the texture pattern when the object is between a viewpoint and a proximate boundary of a maximum level of detail area of the system, the apparatus comprising:

switching means having a first input for receiving first cell data at a first level of detail and a second input for receiving random data at a derived level of detail, the switching means for supplying the first cell data when the object is beyond the proximate boundary of the maximum level of detail and for supplying the random data when the object is between the viewpoint and the proximate boundary of the maximum level of detail; and

blending means having a first input for receiving second cell data at a second level of detail, the second level of detail being less than the first level of detail, and a second input coupled to the switching means, the blending means for blending the second cell data and the first cell data when the object is beyond the proximate boundary of the maximum level of detail and for blending the second cell data and the random data when the object is between the viewpoint and proximate boundary of the maximum level of detail.

10. Apparatus as in claim 9, further including:

first smoothing means having an output coupled to the first input of the blending means and an input for receiving the second cell data, the first smoothing means for smoothing second data from a predetermined plurality of second cells, wherein the smoothed second data constitutes the second cell data supplied to the blending means;

second smoothing means connected between the switching means and the blending means, the second smoothing means having an output coupled to the second input of the blending means and an input for receiving the first cell data when the object is beyond the proximate boundary of the maximum level of detail and for receiving the random data when the object is between the viewpoint and the proximate boundary of the maximum level of detail, the second smoothing means for smoothing first data from a predetermined plurality of first cells, wherein the smooothed first data constitutes the first cell data supplied to the blending means, and for smoothing random data available from a predetermined plurality of data information centers of a predetermined one of a plurality of mini-cells, wherein the smoothed random data constitutes the random data supplied to the blending means.

11. Apparatus as in claim 9, further including attenuator means having an output coupled to the second input of the switching means and an input for receiving predetermined random data, the attenuator means for establishing the derived level of detail for the predetermined random data in response to the distance from the viewpoint to the object so that the random data available at the output of the attenuator means is at the derived level of detail.

12. Apparatus as in claim 11, further including storage means for storing the predetermined random data and random select means having an output coupled to the storage means, the predetermined random data including a plurality of mini-cells, each mini-cell being the same size as a cell at the maximum level of detail, the random select means for selecting one of the plurality of mini-cells in response to the location of the object.

13. In a computer image generation system for generating an image of an object, including a texture pattern for a surface of the object, from stored data by intensity control of pixels forming the image of the object, wherein the stored data include first and second cells having a respective predetermined cell size, and each cell having a predetermined intensity value, apparatus for supplementing the texture pattern when the object is between a viewpoint and a proximate boundary of a maximum level of detail area of the system, the apparatus comprising:

switching means having a first input for receiving the first cells at a first level of detail and a second input for receiving mini-cell data at a derived level of detail, the mini-cell data including randomized intensity values being independent from the intensity values of the first and second cells, the switching means for supplying the intensity values of the first cells when the object is beyond the proximate boundary of the maximum level of detail and for supplying the intensity values of the mini-cell data when the object is between the viewpoint and the proximate boundary of the maximum level of detail;

first cell smoothing means having an input coupled to the switching means, the first cell smoothing means for smoothing intensity values from a predetermined plurality of first cells when the first cells are supplied by the switching means, the predetermined plurality of first cells determinable in response to the center of the image of a pixel to be displayed, and for smoothing intensity values from a predetermined plurality of data information centers when the mini-cell data are supplied by the switching means, the predetermined plurality of data information centers determinable in response to the center of the image of the pixel to be displayed;

second cell smoothing means having an input for receiving intensity values of second cells, the second smoothing means for smoothing intensity values from a predetermined plurality of second cells, the predetermined plurality of second cells determinable in response to the center of the image of the pixel to be displayed; and

blending means having a first input for receiving the smoothed intensity value of the second cells and a second input for receiving the smoothed intensity value of the first cells when the object is beyond the proximate boundary of the maximum level of detail and for receiving the smoothed intensity value of the mini-cell data when the object is between the viewpoint and the proximate boundary of the maximum level of detail, the blending means for predeterminedly proportionately blending the smoothed intensity value of the second cells with the data available at the second input of the blending means for obtaining a composite intensity value for controlling the intensity of the pixel to be displayed.

14. Apparatus as in claim 13, further including attenuator means having an output coupled to the switching means, the attenuator means for attenuating the mini-cell data in response to the distance between the object and the viewpoint for providing attenuated mini-cell data at the derived level-of-detail.