Solid electrochemical element and production process therefor

• US 4,977,007 A
• Filed: 09/08/1987
• Issued: 12/11/1990
• Est. Priority Date: 09/19/1986
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Matsushita Electric Industrial Company Limited 1006 OAZA Kadoma-Shi Osaka Japan
• Original Assignee: Matsushita Electric Industrial Company Limited (Panasonic Holdings Corporation)
• Inventors: Kondo, Shigeo, Sotomura, Tadashi
• Primary Examiner(s): Ryan, Patrick
• Application Number:
  US07/097,367
• Time in Patent Office: 1,190 Days
• Field of Search: 429/127, 429/193, 429/217, 428/76, 428/209, 428/323, 428/375, 428/408, 428/516, 428/480, 428/522, 264/104
• US Class Current: 428/76
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/1525 characterised by a particular ion transporting layer, e.g. electrolyte
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 11/26 characterised by their structure, e.g. multi-layered, porosity or surface features
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 11/38 Carbon pastes or blends; Binders or additives therein
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 11/56 Solid electrolytes, e.g. gels; Additives therein
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 11/84 Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 11/86 specially adapted for electrodes carbonisation or activation of carbon for the manufacture of electrodes H01G11/34
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/02 Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 6/18 with solid electrolyte
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 6/188 Processes of manufacture
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/13 Energy storage using capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/239 Complete cover or casing
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/24917 including metal layer
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/25 Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/2933 Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/30 Self-sustaining carbon mass or layer with impregnant or other layer
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/31786 Of polyester [e.g., alkyd, etc.]
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/31913 Monoolefin polymer
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/31935 Ester, halide or nitrile of addition polymer

Abstract

A solid electrochemical element which is flexible and has improved resistance to environmental exposure includes at least one solid electrolyte sheet which is flexible, has a pair of opposing surfaces, and is comprised of solid electrolyte particles and a plastic resin, which plastic resin was coated on each particle of the solid electrolyte particles prior to formation of the at least one solid electrolyte; and at least two electrode sheets comprised of an electrode material, one of the at least two electrode sheets being provided on each of the pair of opposing surfaces of the at least one solid electrolyte sheet, wherein an ion conductive path is formed between the pair of opposing surfaces of the at least one solid electrolyte sheet by virtual contact of the solid electrolyte particles and the electrode material. A process for producing the solid electrochemical element uses, as starting materials, (a) solid electrolyte particles coated with a thin layer of a plastic resin and (b) electrode material particles coated with a thin layer of a plastic resin, and preferably includes a step of crushing the solid electrolyte particles by pressing.

Claims

1. A solid electrochemical element which is flexible, has improved mechanical strength, and has improved stability upon exposure to the environment, comprising:

at least one solid electrolyte sheet which is flexible, has a pair of opposing surfaces, and is comprised of solid electrolyte particles and a plastic resin, which plastic resin was coated on each particle of said solid electrolyte particles prior to formation of said at least one solid electrolyte sheet; and

at least two electrode sheets comprised of an electrode material, one of said at least two electrode sheets being joined to each of said pair of opposing surfaces of said at least one solid electrolyte sheet,

wherein the at least one solid electrolyte sheet has a thickness and the solid electrolyte particles have a particle diameter which does not exceed the thickness of the at least one solid electrolyte sheet.

2. The solid electrochemical element according to claim 1, wherein each of the at least two electrode sheets is comprised of electrode material in particulate form and wherein each of the at least two electrode sheets is comprised of a mixture of electrode material particles and solid electrolyte particles.

3. The solid electrochemical element according to claim 2, wherein at least one of the electrode material particles and the solid electrolyte particles of the at least two electrode sheets is coated with a plastic resin.

4. The solid electrochemical element according to claim 1, wherein the solid electrolyte particles are monovalent cation-conductive solid electrolyte particles.

5. The solid electrochemical element according to claim 1, wherein the plastic resin is at least one plastic resin selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, styrene-butadiene rubber, Neoprene rubber, silicone rubber, silicone resin, and acrylic resin.

6. A process for producing a solid electrochemical element which is flexible, has improved mechanical strength and has improved stability upon exposure to the environment, the process comprising:

a. separately dispersing electrode material particles and solid electrolyte particles in solvent containing a plastic resin dissolved therein to provide respective dispersions;

b. evaporating solvent from each respective dispersion of step a to form powdery particles, their aggregates or their moldings, consisting of particles coated with plastic resin;

c. forming at least one solid electrolyte sheet and at least two electrode sheets from the powdery particles, their aggregates or their moldings, respectively comprised of solid electrolyte particles coated with plastic resin and electrode material particles coated with plastic resin, wherein said at least one solid electrolyte sheet is flexible, has a pair of opposing surfaces, and has a thickness, wherein the solid electrolyte particles have a particle diameter which does not exceed the thickness of the at least one solid electrolyte sheet, and wherein said at least two electrode sheets are flexible; and

d. joining one of the at least two electrode sheets to each pair of opposing surfaces of the at least one solid electrolyte sheet to form the solid electrochemical element.

7. The process for producing a solid electrochemical element according to claim 6, wherein, in step d, joining is accomplished by pressing in which at least one of the electrode material particles and the solid electrolyte particles is crushed by the pressing.

8. The process for producing a solid electrochemical element according to claim 6, wherein the solid electrolyte particles are monovalent cation-conductive solid electrolyte particles.

9. The process for producing a solid electrochemical element according to claim 6, wherein the plastic resin is at least one plastic resin selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, styrene-butadiene rubber, Neoprene rubber, silicone rubber, silicone resin, and acrylic resin.

10. The process for producing a solid electrochemical element according to claim 7, wherein pressing is accomplished in a roller press and wherein the solid electrolyte particles are crushed by the roller press.

11. The process for producing a solid electrochemical element according to claim 6, wherein each of the at least two electrode sheets further comprises solid electrolyte particles which were dispersed in step a with the electrode material particles in solvent containing a plastic resin dissolved therein.

12. The process for producing a solid electrochemical element which is flexible, has improved mechanical strength and has improved stability upon exposure to the environment, the process comprising:

a. separately mixing solid electrolyte particles and electrode material particles with plastic resin powder to provide respective mixtures;

b. separately forming using heat at least one solid electrolyte sheet and at least two electrode sheets from the respective mixtures of step a respectively comprised of solid electrolyte particles and plastic resin powder, and electrode material particles and plastic resin powder, wherein said at least one electrolyte sheet is flexible, has a pair of opposing surfaces, and has a thickness, wherein the solid electrolyte particles have a particle diameter which does not exceed the thickness of the at least one solid electrolyte sheet, and wherein said at least two electrode sheets are flexible; and

c. joining one of the at least two electrode sheets to each of the pair of opposing surfaces of the at least one solid electrolyte sheet to from the solid electrochemical element.

13. The process for producing a solid electrochemical element according to claim 12, wherein the solid electrolyte particles are monovalent cation-conductive solid electrolyte particles.

14. The process for producing a solid electrochemical element according to claim 12, wherein the plastic resin is at least one plastic resin selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, and acrylic resin.

15. The process for producing a solid electrochemical element according to claim 12, wherein, in step c, joining is accomplished by pressing in which at least one of the solid electrolyte particles and the electrode material particles is crushed by the pressing.

16. The process for producing a solid electrochemical element according to claim 15, wherein pressing is accomplished in a roller press and wherein the solid electrolyte particles are crushed by the roller press.

17. The process for producing a solid electrochemical element according to claim 12, wherein each of the at least two electrode sheets further comprises solid electrolyte particles which were mixed in step a with the electrode material particles.