Method and apparatus of producing an arcuate rainbow hologram

• US 4,988,154 A
• Filed: 09/16/1988
• Issued: 01/29/1991
• Est. Priority Date: 09/16/1988
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation (University of Wisconsin System)
• Original Assignee: Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation (University of Wisconsin System)
• Inventors: Hansen, Matthew E.
• Primary Examiner(s): NOT, DEFINED
• Assistant Examiner(s): NOT, DEFINED
• Application Number:
  US07/245,723
• Time in Patent Office: 865 Days
• Field of Search: 350/3.71, 350/3.85, 350/3.86, 350/3.76, 350/3.75, 350/320
• US Class Current: 359/22
• CPC Class Codes: G03H 1/0406 Image plane or focused image holograms, i.e. an image of the object or holobject is formed on, in or across the recording plane
• CPC Class Codes: G03H 1/24 using white light , e.g. rainbow holograms
• CPC Class Codes: G03H 2001/0413 for recording transmission holograms
• CPC Class Codes: G03H 2001/0426 Extended parallax, e.g. panoramic or 360deg. holograms
• CPC Class Codes: G03H 2001/043 Non planar recording surface, e.g. curved surface
• CPC Class Codes: G03H 2001/0471 Object light being transmitted through the object, e.g. illumination through living cells
• CPC Class Codes: G03H 2001/2268 Rainbow hologram
• CPC Class Codes: G03H 2001/269 Two and more than two steps recording process
• CPC Class Codes: G03H 2270/20 Shape
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 359/90 Methods

Abstract

A two-dimensional, white light illuminable arcuate rainbow hologram that is potentially viewable from 360° is formed by limiting the information content of a wave front representing a reflection of monochromatic coherent light off of the object desired to be holographed. The information content is limited to a selected portion of the wave front, the selected portion passing through or upon an arcuate window which preserves the selected portion. The arcuate window is formed using an arcuate aperture, a flat arcuate master hologram, or a cylindrical shell of laser light used as a reference beam. The arcuate rainbow hologram is viewable from 360° if the arcuate window is annular, i.e. circular. If the window is a half-circle or other arc angle, the window of viewability will correspond to the angle of the arcuate window that limits the information content of the wave front representing the reflection of monochromatic coherent light off of the object to be holographed. The arcuate rainbow hologram may also be multiplexed, where the "object" is a set of two-dimensional images of a subject from different perspectives.

Claims

1. A method for making a hologram of an object comprising the steps of:

(a) limiting the information content of a wave front of coherent light representing the object to a selected portion of the wave front the selected portion forming an arcuate window through which the selected portion is preserved and the window having a length substantially greater than its thickness;

(b) deriving an information-limited image of the object from the information-limited wave front; and

,

(c) recording the image on an image-receiving surface.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the window is a complete circumference of a circle.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein the window is a circumference of a half-circle.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein the information content of the wave front representing the object is limited by occluding all but the selected portion through an arcuate aperture having a length substantially greater than its thickness.

5. The method of claim 4 wherein the aperture is annular.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein the information content of the wave front representing the object is limited by the further steps of:

(a) intermediately recording the wave front representing the object and a reference waveform upon an arcuate image-receiving surface to form a master and;

(b) illuminating the master with an illuminating waveform to form an image that is to be recorded.

7. The method of claim 6 wherein the image-receiving surface is annular.

8. The method of claim 6 wherein the information content of the wave front representing the object is limited by the further steps of:

(a) intermediately recording the wavefront representing the object and a reference waveform upon an image-receiving surface to form a master;

(b) illuminating the master with an illuminating wave front to form the image that is to be recorded, the illuminating waveform being propagated in an arcuate geometry.

9. The method of claim 8 wherein the arcuate geometry of the illuminating waveform is formed by a cylindrical shell of laser light.

10. The method of claim 9 wherein the cylindrical shell of laser light is produced by an axicon.

11. The method of claim 10 wherein the aperture is annular.

12. The method of claim 1 wherein the information content of the wave front representing the object is limited by the further steps of:

(a) intermediately recording the wave front representing the object and a reference waveform having an arcuate geometry upon an image-receiving surface to form a master; and

(b) illuminating the master with an illuminating waveform to form an image that is to be recorded.

13. The method of claim 1 wherein the object is an opaque three-dimensional subject and wherein the formation of the wave front of coherent light representing the object is formed by the further step of illuminating the object with coherent light to create a reflection therefrom having a given information content.

14. The method of claim 1 wherein the object is a translucent three-dimensional subject and wherein the formation of the wave front of coherent light representing the object is formed by the further step of illuminating the object with coherent light to create a diffraction therefrom having a given information content.

15. The method of claim 1 wherein the object is a set of two-dimensional images and wherein the formation of the wave front of coherent light representing the object is formed by the further steps of:

(a) projecting and exposing each of the images on a short arc of an image-receiving surface; and

(b) rotatably stepping the image-receiving surface after projecting and exposing each of the images to create an arcuate array of two-dimensional images.

16. The method of claim 15 wherein a multiplexing aperture positioned radial to the stepping movement of the image-receiving surface is used to limit the projecting and exposing of each of the two-dimensional images to a short arc of the image-receiving surface.

17. The method of claim 15 wherein an arcuate aperture is synthesized by a lens arrangement that converges each of the two-dimensional images at approximately a focal point of the image projecting, combined with the stepping movement.

18. The method of claim 17 wherein the vertical and horizontal information of each two-dimensional image is processed independently.

19. A method for making a hologram of an object comprising the steps of:

(a) limiting the information content of a wave front of coherent light representing the object by occluding all but a selected portion through an arcuate aperture having a length substantially greater than its thickness;

(b) forming an information-limited real image of the object from the information-limited wave front;

(c) combining the information-limited real image with a reference wave front of light having a select phase relationship with the information-limited wave front to form an interference pattern;

(d) positioning an image-receiving surface proximate to the information-limited real image; and

(e) recording the interference pattern on the image-receiving surface.

20. A method for making a hologram of an object comprising the steps of:

(a) receiving a wave front representing the object on an arcuate image-receiving surface;

(b) interfering a first coherent reference light having selected waveform and direction with the wave front representing the object at the image-receiving surface to form a master;

(c) illuminating the master with an illuminating waveform to form an image that is to be recorded;

(d) receiving the information-limited image on a second image-receiving surface proximate to the information-limited real image;

(e) interfering a second coherent reference light having selected form and direction with the information-limited real image at the second image receiving surface to form an information-limited holographic image; and

(f) recording the interference pattern on the image-receiving surface.

21. A method for making a hologram of an object comprising the steps of:

(a) recording the wave front representing the object and a reference waveform upon an image-receiving surface to form a master;

(b) illuminating the master with an illuminating wave front to form an image that is to be recorded, the illuminating wave front being propagated in an arcuate geometry;

(c) combining the image with a second reference waveform having a select phase relationship with the illuminating wave front to form an interference pattern;

(d) positioning an image-receiving surface proximate to the real image; and

(e) recording the interference pattern on the image-receiving surface.

22. The method of claim 21 wherein the arcuate geometry of the illuminated waveform is a cylindrical shell of laser light.

23. The method of claim 22 further comprising the steps of:

(a) adjusting the cylindrical shell of laser light to varying radii; and

(b) recording a multiple exposure upon the image-receiving surface, each of the individual exposures resulting from an interference pattern formed by a respective radius of the cylindrical shell of laser light.

24. The method of claim 22 further comprising the steps of:

(a) illuminating the master with illuminating wave fronts of varying wavelengths; and

(b) recording a multiple exposure upon the image-receiving surface, each of the individual exposures resulting from an interference pattern formed by a respective interference between the second reference waveform and an illuminating wavefront of a particular wavelength.

25. The method of claim 24 wherein the illumination of the master is performed simultaneously.

26. The method of claim 21 wherein the cylindrical shell of laser light is produced by an axicon.

27. A method for making a hologram of an object comprising the steps of:

(a) receiving a wave front representing the object on an image-receiving surface;

(b) interfering a first coherent reference light having an arcuate geometry with the wave front representing the object at the image-receiving surface to form a master;

(c) illuminating the master with an illuminating waveform to form an image that is to be recorded;

(d) receiving the information-limited image on a second image-receiving surface proximate to the information-limited real image;

(e) interfering a second coherent reference light having selected form and direction with the information-limited real image at the second image receiving surface to form an information-limited holographic image; and

(f) recording the interference pattern on the image-receiving surface.

28. Apparatus for making a hologram of an object comprising:

(a) means for generating a coherent beam of light that forms a reference beam;

the reference beam being directed toward an image receiving surface;

(b) means for generating a wave front of coherent light representing the object to be recorded, the wave front representing the object having a given information content;

(c) means for limiting the information of a wave front representing the object to a selected portion of the wave front, the means forming an arcuate window through which the selected portion is preserved and the window having a length substantially greater than its thickness; and

(d) recording means that receive the reference wave front and the information-limited wave front representing the object.

29. The apparatus of claim 28 wherein the window is a complete circumference of a circle.

30. The apparatus of claim 28 wherein the window is a circumference of a half-circle.

31. The apparatus of claim 28 further comprising an arcuate aperture having a length substantially greater than its thickness placed in the path of the wave front representing the object so as to limit the information content of the wave front by occluding all but the selected portion.

32. The apparatus of claim 31 wherein the aperture is annular.

33. The apparatus of claim 28 wherein the image-receiving surface shaped as an arc to form a master from which the hologram is formed.

34. The apparatus of claim 33 wherein the image-receiving surface is annular.

35. The apparatus of claim 33 wherein the means for generating the wavefront of coherent light representing the object to be recorded includes an axicon.

36. A hologram of an object prepared by a process comprising the steps of:

(a) illuminating the object with coherent light to create a reflection therefrom having a given information content;

(b) limiting the information content of a wave front representing the reflection of the illuminated object to a selected portion of the wave front, the selected portion forming an arcuate window through which the selected portion is preserved and the window having a length substantially greater than its thickness;

(c) deriving an information-limited image of the object from the information-limited wave front; and

(d) recording the image on an image-receiving surface.

37. The hologram of claim 36 prepared by a process wherein the window is a complete circumference of a circle

38. The hologram of claim 36 prepared by a process wherein the window is a circumference of a half-circle.

39. The hologram of claim 36 prepared by a process wherein the information content of the wave front representing the object is limited by occluding all but the selected portion through an arcuate aperture having a length substantially greater than its thickness.

40. The hologram of claim 39 prepared by a process wherein the aperture is annular.

41. The hologram of claim 36 prepared by a process wherein the information content of the Wave front representing the reflection of the illuminated object is limited by the further steps of:

(a) intermediately recording the wave front representing the object and a reference waveform upon an arcuate image-receiving surface to form a master and;

(b) illuminating the master with an illuminating waveform to form an image that is to be recorded

42. The hologram of claim 41 prepared by a process wherein the image-receiving surface is annular.

43. The hologram of claim 36 prepared by a process wherein the information content of the wave front representing the object is limited by the further steps

(a) intermediately recording the wavefront representing the object and a reference waveform upon an image-receiving surface to form a master;

(b) illuminating the master with an illuminating wave front to form the image that is to be recorded, the illuminating waveform being propagated in an arcuate geometry.

44. The hologram of claim 43 prepared by a process wherein the arcuate geometry of the illuminating waveform is formed by a cylindrical shell of laser light.

45. The hologram of claim 44 prepared by a process wherein the cylindrical shell of laser light is produced by an axicon.

46. The hologram of claim 36 wherein the information content of the wave front representing the object is limited b the further steps of:

(a) intermediately recording the wave front representing the object and a reference waveform having an arcuate geometry upon an image-receiving surface to form a master; and

(b) illuminating the master with an illuminating waveform to form an image that is to be recorded.

47. The hologram of claim 36 prepared by a process wherein the object is an opaque three-dimensional subject and wherein the formation of the wave front of coherent light representing the object is formed by the further step of illuminating the object with coherent light to create a reflection therefrom having a given information content.

48. The hologram of claim 36 wherein the object is a translucent three-dimensional subject and wherein the formation of the wave front of coherent light representing the object is formed by the further step of illuminating the object with coherent light to create a diffraction therefrom having a given information content.

49. The hologram of claim 36 wherein the object is a set of two-dimensional images and wherein the formation of the wave front of coherent light representing the object is formed by the further steps of:

(a) projecting and exposing each of the images on a short arc of an image-receiving surface; and

(b) rotatably stepping the image-receiving surface after projecting and exposing each of the images to create an arcuate array of two-dimensional images.

50. The hologram of claim 49 wherein a multiplexing aperture positioned radial to the stepping movement of the image-receiving surface is used to limit the projecting and exposing of each of the two-dimensional images to a short arc of the image-receiving surface.

51. The hologram of claim 49 wherein an arcuate aperture is synthesized by a lens arrangement that converges each of the two-dimensional images at approximately a focal point of the image projecting, combined with the stepping movement.

52. The hologram of claim 51 wherein the vertical and horizontal information of each two-dimensional image is processed independently.

53. A hologram of an object prepared by a process comprising the steps of:

(a) limiting the information content of a wave front of coherent light representing the object by occluding all but a selected portion through an arcuate aperture having a length substantially greater than its thickness;

(b) forming an information-limited real image of the object from the information-limited wave front;

(c) combining the information-limited real image with a reference wave front of light having a select phase relationship with the information-limited wave front to form an interference pattern;

(d) positioning an image-receiving surface proximate to the information-limited real image; and

(e) recording the interference pattern on the image-receiving surface.

54. The hologram of claim 53 prepared by a process wherein the aperture is annular.

55. A hologram of an object prepared by a process comprising the steps of:

(a) receiving a wave front representing the object on an arcuate image-receiving surface;

(b) interfering a first coherent reference light having selected waveform and direction with the wave front representing the object at the image-receiving surface to form a master;

(c) illuminating the master with an illuminating waveform to form an image that is to be recorded;

(d) receiving the information-limited image on a second image-receiving surface proximate to the information-limited real image; and

(e) interfering a second coherent reference light having selected form and direction with the information-limited real image at the second image receiving surface to form an information-limited holographic image; and

(f) recording the interference pattern on the image-receiving surface.

56. A hologram of an object prepared by a process comprising the steps of:

(a) recording the wave front representing the object and a reference waveform upon an image-receiving surface to form a master;

(b) illuminating the master with an illuminating wave front to form an image that is to be recorded, the illuminating wave front being propagated in an arcuate geometry;

(c) combining the image with a second reference waveform having a select phase relationship with the illuminating wave front to form an interference pattern;

(d) positioning an image-receiving surface proximate to the real image; and

(e) recording the interference pattern on the image-receiving surface.

57. The hologram of claim 56 prepared by a process wherein the arcuate geometry of the illuminating waveform is a cylindrical shell of laser light.

58. The hologram of claim 57 prepared by a process further comprising the steps of:

(a) adjusting the cylindrical shell of laser light to varying radii; and

(b) recording a multiple exposure upon the image-receiving surface, each of the individual exposures resulting from an interference pattern formed by a respective radius of the cylindrical shell of laser light.

59. The hologram of claim 57 prepared by a process further comprising the steps of:

(a) illuminating the master with illuminating wave fronts of varying wavelengths; and

(b) recording a multiple exposure upon the image-receiving surface, each of the individual exposures resulting from an interference pattern formed by a respective interference between the second reference waveform and an illuminating wavefront of a particular wavelength.

60. The hologram of claim 59 prepared by a process wherein the illumination of the master is performed simultaneously.

61. The hologram of claim 56 wherein the cylindrical shell of laser light is produced by an axicon.

62. A hologram of an object prepared by a process comprising the steps of:

(a) receiving a wave front representing the object on an image-receiving surface;

(b) interfering a first coherent reference light having an arcuate geometry with the wave front representing the object at the image-receiving surface to form a master;

(c) illuminating the master with an illuminating waveform to form an image that is to be recorded;

(d) receiving the information-limited image on a second image-receiving surface proximate to the information-limited real image;

(e) interfering a second coherent reference light having selected form and direction with the information-limited real image at the second image receiving surface to form an information-limited holographic image; and

(f) recording the interference pattern on the image-receiving surface.