Method for spectroscopic analysis of hydrocarbons

• US 4,988,446 A
• Filed: 05/30/1989
• Issued: 01/29/1991
• Est. Priority Date: 05/14/1988
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Exxon Research and Engineering Company (Exxon Mobil Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Exxon Research and Engineering Company (Exxon Mobil Corporation)
• Inventors: Haberman, Joel I., Overfield, Robert E., Robbins, Winston K.
• Primary Examiner(s): Therkorn, Ernest G.
• Application Number:
  US07/358,779
• Time in Patent Office: 609 Days
• Field of Search: 436/139, 436/140, 436/143, 436/161, 210/656, 210/659, 210/198.2, 73/61.1 C, 250/301, 250/373
• US Class Current: 210/656
• CPC Class Codes: C10G 11/187 Controlling or regulating
• CPC Class Codes: C10G 21/30 Controlling or regulating
• CPC Class Codes: C10G 69/04 including at least one step of catalytic cracking in the absence of hydrogen
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2030/8854 involving hydrocarbons
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/33 using ultraviolet light G01N21/39 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 30/34 of fluid composition, e.g. gradient G01N30/36 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 30/461 with serial coupling of separation columns
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 30/74 Optical detectors measurement of intensity, velocity, spectral content, polarisation, or phase of infrared, visible or ultraviolet light G01J
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 30/8675 Evaluation, i.e. decoding of the signal into analytical information for analysis of specific compounds see also G01N30/88 and subgroups of G01N33/00; chemical libraries per se C40B
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/2829 Mixtures of fuels
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 436/212 Aromatic
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 436/218 Total hydrocarbon, flammability, combustibility [e.g., air-fuel mixture, etc.]

Abstract

A sample of a hydrocarbon oil containing asphaltenes is chromatographically analyzed by forming a mixture of the oil with a weak solvent. The mixture is passed in contact with a column of a stationary phase of fine solid particles of fully functionalized material, followed by a weak solvent. The solvent, after recovery from the column, is analyzed for aromatics by UV-absorption of UV radiation in the range 200 to 400 nm. The absorbance of the UV light by the irradiated eluents across the UV wavelength range is monitored and the integral of absorbance is derived as a function of photon energy across the wavelength range. The magnitude of the derived integral in at least one time interval corresponding with aromatics in the eluent from the stationary phase is measured as an indication of the level of aromatics in the oil sample. The weak solvent may be followed by a strong solvent which, in turn, may be followed by a strong solvent which is modified by the addition of a hydrogen bonding solvent.

Claims

1. A method for quantifying the aromatic core content of a hydrocarbon containing solution containing more than one aromatic compound comprising the steps of:

(a) passing a solution of hydrocarbon oil and a carrier phase in contact with a chromatographic stationary phase over a first time interval so as to retain components of siad hydrocarbon oil on said stationary phase;

(b) passing a mobile phase in cotact with said stationary phase after step (a) over a second time interval, for eluting different retained components of said oil from said stationary phase at different time intervals, and recovering the mobile phase which has contacted the stationary phase together with the compnents eluted from the stationary phase;

(c) irradiating recovered solution with UV light having a wavelength range of which at least a portion is within the range of about 200 nm to about 500 nm,

(d) measuring the absorbance of the UV light by the aromatic cores in the recovered solution,

(e) deriving the integral of absorbance as a function of photon energy across the energy corresponding to the wavelength range, and

(f) comparing the absorbance integral to a predetermined value, thereby quantifying the aromatic core content.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the integral of absorbance is derived as a function of photon energy across discrete portions of the energy corresponding to the wavelength range and comparing each such absorbance integral to predetermined values, thereby obtaining the ring size distribution of the aromatic cores.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein prior to step (c) the hydrocarbon solution is separated into fractions and each fraction is irradiated separately.

4. The method of claim 3 wherein separation of the hydrocarbon solution is effected by liquid chromatography.

5. The method of claim 4 wherein the separation is effected by separately eluting aromatic compounds;

saturated compounds;

heteroatomic, polar, and asphaltenic compounds; and

polar and asphaltenic compounds, to the extent the foregoing are present in the hydrocarbon oil.

6. The method of claim 5 wherein the chromatographic separation comprises (i) a single stationary phase, (ii) a solvent of solubility parameter ranging from 7.6 to 8.8 cal⁰.5 /cm¹.5 for eluting aromatic compounds and saturated compounds, (iii) a strong solvent of solubility parameter ranging from 8.9 to 10.0 cal⁰.5 /cm¹.5 for eluting heteroatomic, polar, and asphaltenic compounds;

and (iv) the strong solvent and a hydrogen bonding solvent immiscible therewith for eluting polar,and asphaltenic compounds.

7. The method of claim 6 wherein the hydrocarbon solution is free of asphaltenes and steps (iii) and (iv) are free of asphaltenes.

8. The method of claim 6 wherein the hydrogen bonding solvent is iso-propanol.

9. The method of claim 4 wherein the separation is effected by separately eluting saturated compounds;

mono-aromatic compounds;

2-ring aromatic compounds;

3-ring aromatic compounds;

4-ring aromatic compounds; and

polar compounds, to the extent the foregoing are present in the hydrocarbon oil.

10. The method of claim 9 wherein the chromatographic separation comprises (i) a first and second stationary phase;

(ii) a solvent of solubility parameter 7.0 to 7.8 cal⁰.5 /cm¹.5 is used to elute saturates and at least a portion of the mono aromatics from the first stationary phase and completing the elution of mono aromatics from the second stationary phase;

(iii) eluting 2-ring aromatics from the first stationary phase;

(iv) increasing solvent strength by adding a strong solvent of solubility parameter 8.9 to 10.0 cal⁰.5 /cm¹.5 and eluting 3-ring aromatics;

(v) further increasing solvent strength by adding more of the strong solvent and eluting 4-ring aromatics;

(vi) adding more strong solvent and a hydrogen bonding solvent and eluting polars;

(vii) returning each stationary phase substantially to initial activity.

11. A method for the chromatographic analysis of a hydrocarbon oil comprising the steps of:

(a) passing a mixture of the hydrocarbon oil and a carrier phase in contact with a first and second stationary phase over a time interval so as to retain the components of the hydrocarbon oil on the stationary phases wherein the first stationary phase comprises surface hydroxyl groups substantially all of which have been substantially fully functionalized with a charge transfer functionality selected from the group consisting of trinitroanilino propane, tetrachlorophthalimido propane, dinitrobenzoyl glycidyl propane and tetranitrofluorenone and the second stationary phase comprises surface hydroxyl groups at least a portion of which have been substantially fully functionalized by a functionality selected from the group consisting of aminopropyl, cyanopropyl, nitropropyl and a combination thereof;

(b) passing in contact with the first and second stationary phases a mobile phase of a weak solvent having a solubility parameter of 7.0 to 7.8 cal⁰.5 /cm¹.5 for a second time interval sufficient to elute saturates and mono aromatics from the first stationary phase;

(c) continuing passing the weak solvent to the second stationary phase for a third time interval sufficient to complete substantially the elution of mono aromatics;

(d) recovering solvent passed to the first and second stationary phases;

(e) monitoring solvents recovered in step (d) and detecting at least saturates, mono aromatics, and aromatics of 2 or more rings.

12. The method of claim 11 wherein the hydrocarbon oil contains n+2 ring aromatics and solvent strength is increased n+2 times, passed to the first stationary phase in n+2 intervals, and aromatics having n+2 rings are eluted, wherein n equals 0 to 2.

13. The method of claim 12 wherein solvent strength is increased by replacing at least a portion of the weak solvent with a strong solvent having a solubility parameter of 8.9 to 10.0 ca⁰.5 /cm¹.5.

14. The method of claim 12 wherein the hydrocarbon oil contains polar compounds and solvent strength is further increased, passed to the first stationary phase in an additional time interval to elute polar compounds.

15. The method of claim 14 wherein a hydrogen bonding solvent is added for the elution of polar compounds.

16. The method of claim 14 wherein solvent strength is increased in steps (e), (f), and (g) by replacing at least a portion of the weak solvent with a strong solvent having a solubility parameter of 8.9 to 10.0 cal⁰.5 /cm¹.5.

19. The method of claim 16 wherein the first stationary phase comprises surface hydroxyl groups substantially all of which have been substantially fully functionalized with a charge transfer functionality selected from the group consisting of trinitroanilino propane, tetrachlorophthalimido propane, dinitrobenzoyl glycidyl propane and tetranitrofluorenone and the second stationary phase comprises surface hydroxyl groups at least a portion of which have been substantially fully functionalized by a functionality selected from the group consisting of aminopropyl, cyanopropyl, nitropropyl and a combination thereof.

17. A method for the chromatographic analysis of a hydrocarbon oil comprising the steps of:

(a) passing a mixture of the hydrocarbon oil and a carrier phase in contact with a first and second chromatographic stationary phase over a time interval so as to retain the components of the hydrocarbon oil on the stationary phases;

(b) passing in contact with the first and second stationary phases a first mobile phase of a weak solvent having a solubility parameter from 7.0 to 7.8 cal⁰.5 /cm¹.5 for a second time interval sufficient to elute saturates and mono aromatics from the first stationary phase;

(c) bypassing the first stationary phase and continuing passing the weak solvent to the second stationary phase for a third time interval sufficient to complete substantially the elution of mono aromatics;

(d) bypassing the second stationary phase and passing the weak solvent to the first stationary phase for a fourth time interval sufficient to elute 2-ring aromatics;

(e) passing solvent of increased strength to the first stationary phase for a fifth time interval sufficient to elute 3-ring aromatics;

(f) passing solvent of a strength greater than in step (e) to the first stationary phase for a sixth time interval sufficient to elute 4-ring aromatics;

(g) passing solvent of a strength greater than in step (f) to the first stationary phase for a seventh time interval sufficient to elute polar compounds;

(h) recovering the solvent from each of steps (b)-(g);

(i) monitoring the solvents recovered in step (h) and detecting saturates, mono aromatics, 2-ring aromatics, 3-ring aromatics, 4-ring aromatics, and polars.

18. The method of claim 17 wherein the hydrogen bonding solvent is isopropanol.

20. The method of claim 17 wherein subsequent to step (g) the strong solvent is passed to the first stationary phase for a period sufficient to remove substantially all of the hydrogen bonding solvent.

21. The method of claim 20 wherein the weak solvent is passed to the first and second stationary phases for a period sufficient to restore substantially initial activity.

22. The method of claim 21 wherein the weak solvent is passed independently to each of the first and second stationary phases.

23. The method of claim 17 wherein the weak and strong solvents have less than 1 ppm water.