Transluminal microdissection device

• US 4,990,134 A
• Filed: 07/11/1989
• Issued: 02/05/1991
• Est. Priority Date: 01/06/1986
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Boston Scientific Corporation Northwest Technology Center Inc.
• Original Assignee: Heart Technology, Inc. (Boston Scientific Corporation)
• Inventors: Auth, David C.
• Primary Examiner(s): Isabella, David J.
• Application Number:
  US07/378,741
• Time in Patent Office: 574 Days
• Field of Search: 604/22, 604/155, 604/156, 604/158, 433/125, 433/142, 433/166
• US Class Current: 604/22
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/22031 Gripping instruments, e.g. forceps, for removing or smashing calculi A61B17/221 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/320758 with a rotating cutting instrument, e.g. motor driven A61B17/320725, A61B17/32075 and A61B17/320783 take precedence; for removing intra-ocular material A61F9/00763; endoscopic rotatable cutting instruments A61B17/32002
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2017/320004 abrasive

Abstract

An abrasive tipped rotating cutting tool for use in removing abnormal deposits within a patient'"'"'s vessels is described. The tip is preferably covered with a material such as diamond grit, and rotated at high speed to pulverize any abnormal deposits contained within the vessel.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the tip is ellipsoidal in shape, and the coarseness of the abrasive material on the tip is varied from most coarse adjacent the distal end of the tip to finest adjacent the portion of the tip which has the widest diameter. Preferably, there is no abrasive on the widest part of the tip in order to prevent the tip from injuring a patient'"'"'s vessel in the event that the tip is allowed to remain in one place for an extended period of time. In addition, there may be radial openings formed in the tip which permit water to be pumped therethrough in order to act as a lubricant for assisting in the cutting action of the tip.

The invention may use either an autraumatic tip or a preformable guide wire to guide the cutting tip through a patient'"'"'s vessel.

Claims

1. A transluminal microdissection device comprising:

(a) flexible, hollow drive shaft having a rotatable, substantially elliposoidal cutting tip attached thereto, said tip having a diameter which is greater than that of said drive shaft and said tip having a substantially cylindrical opening in fluid communication with said hollow drive shaft so that said drive shaft and tip can be guided along a guide wire;

(b) an abrasive surface on said tip, said abrasive surface being comprised of abrasive material attached to the surface of said tip; and

(c) a rotatable prime mover which is capable of rotating said drive shaft at a rotation rate of from about 20,000 revolutions per minute to about 160,000 revolutions per minute, whereby said abrasive material microdissects particles small enough to pass through the capillaries of a person.

2. The transluminal microdissection device of claim 1 further comprising a tubular sheath which surrounds said flexible drive shaft and chamber means for sealably attaching to said tubular sheath, said chamber means including a seal through which said drive shaft passes.

3. The transluminal microdissection device of claim 1 wherein said abrasive material covers only the distal surface of said tip.

4. The transluminal microdissection device of claim 1 wherein the coarseness of said abrasive material is varied from finest to most coarse, with the most coarse abrasive material adjacent the distal end of said tip and the finest abrasive material closest to the portion of said tip having the widest diameter.

5. The transluminal microdissection device of claim 4 wherein said abrasive material does not cover the surface of said tip where said tip has its widest diameter.

6. The transluminal microdissection device of claim 5 wherein said abrasive material does not cover the surface of said tip between the proximal end of said tip and the portion of said tip which has its widest diameter.

7. The transluminal microdissection device of claim 1 wherein said rotatable cutting tip is not fluted.

8. The transluminal microdissection device of claim 1 further comprising a tubular sheath which surrounds said flexible drive shaft and chamber means for sealably attaching to said tubular sheath, said chamber means including a seal through which said drive shaft passes.

11. The device of claim 1 wherein the abrasive material comprises diamond chips having a largest dimension of substantially 30 microns or smaller.

12. The device of claim 7 wherein the abrasive material comprises diamond chips having a largest dimension of substantially 30 microns or smaller.

9. A transluminal microdissection device comprising:

(a) a flexible, hollow drive shaft having a rotatable, substantially ellipsoidal cutting tip attached thereto, said tip having a diameter which is greater than that of said drive shaft and said tip having a substantially cylindrical opening in fluid communication with said hollow drive shaft so that said drive shaft and tip can be guided along a guide wire;

(b) an abrasive surface on said tip, said abrasive surface being comprised of abrasive material attached to the surface of said tip;

(c) a rotatable prime mover which is capable of rotating said drive shaft at a rotation rate of from about 20,000 revolutions per minute to about 160,000 revolutions per minute, whereby said abrasive material microdissects particles small enough to pass through the capillaries of a person;

(d) a tubular sheath which surrounds said flexible drive shaft and forms a lumen between said drive shaft and said sheath; and

(e) a chamber means for sealably attaching to said tubular sheath and communicating with said lumen, said chamber means including a seal through which said drive shaft passes and a port which extends into said chamber means wherein said lumen is accessible through said port.

10. A transluminal microdissection device comprising:

(a) a flexible drive shaft having a rotatable, substantially ellipsoidal cutting tip attached thereto, said tip having a diameter which is greater than that of said drive shaft;

(b) an abrasive surface on said tip, said abrasive surface being comprised of abrasive material attached to the distal surface of said tip, the abrasive material adjacent the distal end of said tip being more coarse then abrasive material closer to the portion of said tip where said tip has its widest diameter; and

(c) a rotatable prime mover which is capable of rotating said drive shaft at a rotation rate of from about 20,000 revolutions per minute to about 160,000 revolutions per minute, whereby said abrasive material microdissects particles small enough to pass through the capillaries of a person.

13. A transluminal microdissection device comprising:

(a) a guide wire;

(b) a flexible, hollow drive shaft having a rotatable, substantially ellipsoidal cutting tip attached thereto, said tip having a diameter which is greater than that of said drive shaft and said tip having a substantially cylindrical opening in fluid communication with said hollow drive shaft so that said drive shaft and tip can be guided along a guide wire;

(c) an abrasive surface on said tip, said abrasive surface being comprised of abrasive material attached to the surface of said tip; and

(d) a rotatable prime mover which is capable of rotating said drive shaft at a rotation rate of from about 20,000 revolutions per minute to about 160,000 revolutions per minute, whereby said abrasive material microdissects particles small enough to pass through the capillaries of a person.