Parallel resonant converter with zero voltage switching

• US 4,992,919 A
• Filed: 12/29/1989
• Issued: 02/12/1991
• Est. Priority Date: 12/29/1989
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Anand K. Upadhyay, Chu-Quon Lee, Kasemsan Siri
• Original Assignee: Anand K. Upadhyay, Chu-Quon Lee, Kasemsan Siri
• Inventors: Siri, Kasemsan, Upadhyay, Anand K., Lee, Chu-Quon
• Primary Examiner(s): Wong, Peter S.
• Assistant Examiner(s): STERRETT, JEFFREY L
• Application Number:
  US07/458,993
• Time in Patent Office: 410 Days
• Field of Search: 363/17, 363/24, 363/25, 363/26, 363/97, 363/98, 363/132, 363/134, 363/75, 363/79
• US Class Current: 363/17
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/3376 with automatic control of output voltage or current
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/10 Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

A parallel resonant converter as disclosed having in one embodiment a variable inductance and having a control circuit which operates the switches of the converter under zero voltage switching conditions and under continuous conduction mode by maintaining the quality factor of the resonant circuit generally equal to the DC conversion ratio.

Claims

1. A parallel resonant converter, comprising:

(a) inductor impedance means and capacitor impedance means, one of said impedance means being variable over a pre-determined impedance;

(b) a load electrically connected in series with said one impedance means to form a series circuit, said series circuit being connected electrically in parallel with the other impedance means, said load being characterized by an output voltage;

(c) switched source of power means, comprising at least one switch operated by a driving circuit, for switching voltage through said series circuit and said other impedance means;

(d) control circuit means, operating in response to said output voltage, for varying said one impedance means to maintain said output voltage within a pre-determined voltage range; and

(e) feedback means, using a feedback voltage derived across said other impedance means, for supplying a control signal to said driving circuit to operate said switch under zero voltage switching conditions and continuous current flow through said load.

2. The converter of claim 1, wherein said switched source of power means comprises two switches, and wherein said driving circuit complementarily operates said two switches.

3. The converter of claim 2, wherein said load comprises a transformer having a primary winding and a secondary winding, and wherein said output voltage is produced from said secondary winding using at least one diode.

4. The converter of claim 3, further including:

(f) means for inhibiting said driver circuit when the output voltage exceeds a predetermined amount.

5. The converter of claim 4, further including:

(g) start-up means for operating said driver circuit before said output voltage is in said pre-determined range.

6. The converter of claim 1, wherein said one impedance means comprises an inductor core and a DC bias winding around said inductor core, said DC bias winding having current induced to flow therethrough in response to said control circuit means.

7. The converter of claim 1, wherein said one impedance means comprises a varactor diode which is in parallel with a biasing circuit comprising a variable DC power source electrically connected in series with fixed resistor means and a fixed inductor means, said DC power source being operated in response to said control circuit means.

8. A resonant converter, comprising:

(a) variable inductor means characterized by an impedance of L;

(b) fixed capacitor means characterized by an impedance of C;

(c) a load electrically connected in series with said variable inductor means to form a series circuit, said series circuit being connected electrically in parallel across said fixed capacitor means, said load being characterized by an output voltage of Vo, a full load current of Io, a resistance of R, and a quality factor of Qb where Qb is the ratio of the square root of L/C to R;

(d) the equivalent of two DC sources of power connected together in series and to one end of said fixed capacitor means at a common supply node, each of said sources being characterized by a voltage Vg;

(e) the equivalent of two switches connected in series with each other and to the other end of said fixed capacitor means at a common switch node, the other ends of said switches being joined to the other ends of said two DC sources of power;

(f) feedback means, using a feedback voltage derived from said output voltage, for adjusting said variable inductance means to maintain Qb essentially equal to the DC conversion ratio Mb, where Mb is the ratio of Vg to Vo; and

(g) driver circuit means, operating in response to said feedback control means, for complementarily operating said two switches in a continuous conduction mode under zero voltage switching conditions.

9. The converter of claim 8, further including:

(h) start up means for complementarily operating said two switches before said output voltage is above a predetermined value.

10. The converter of claim 9, wherein said driver circuit means operates said switches at a frequency range between fo/2 and fo, where fo is the resonant frequency.

11. A converter, comprising:

(a) means for providing a parallel resonant converter having an output voltage Vo using at least two switches which are connected in series with each other, capacitor means characterized by a capacitance of Co, inductor means characterized by an impedance of L, a load electrically connected in series with said inductance means to form a series circuit and power supply means for providing a switched supply of current to said at least two switches,

said load being characterized by a resistance of Ro, and a quality factor of Qb where Qb is the ratio of the square root of L/Co to Ro;

said power supply means comprising two DC sources of power connected together in series to each other at a common supply node, each of said sources being characterized by a voltage Vg;

said two switches being connected in series with each other at a common switch node, the ends of said switches being joined to the ends of said two DC sources of power, said series circuit being connected between said supply node and said switch node;

(b) means, using a feedback voltage which is a function of the voltage across said capacitor means, for changing the impedance of said inductance means by maintaining Mb essentially equal to Qb, where Mb is the ratio of Vg and Vo; and

(c) driver circuit means, operating at least in response to said voltage across said capacitor means, for operating said two switches under zero voltage switching conditions.

12. A resonant converter, comprising:

(a) inductor impedance means and capacitor impedance means with one of said impedance means being variable over a pre-determined impedance range;

(b) a load electrically connected in series with said one impedance means and in parallel with the other impedance means;

(c) switch means, comprising at least two switches which are operated at essentially zero voltage, for applying a predetermined source voltage across said other impedance means; and

(d) feedback means, using a voltage that is representative of the voltage across said other impedance means, for varying the impedance of said one impedance means to maintain the quality factor of the circuit essentially equal to the DC conversion ratio.

13. A resonant converter, comprising:

(a) variable reactive impedance;

(b) fixed reactive impedance;

(c) means, including a load electrically connected with said variable reactive impedance means and said fixed reactive impedance means, for forming a parallel resonant circuit;

(d) switched source of power means, comprising at least two switches which are operated with complementary duty cycle, for switching a predetermined source voltage across said fixed reactive impedance means under continuous conduction conditions; and

(e) feedback means, using a voltage that is a function of the voltage across said fixed reactive impedance means, for varying the impedance of said variable reactive impedance means to maintain the ratio of the source voltage to the load voltage generally proportional to the quality factor defined by said load and said reactive impedance means.

14. In a parallel resonant converter having a switched source of power, having inductor impedance means and capacitor impedance means, having a load electrically connected in parallel with one of the impedance means to form a parallel circuit and having the parallel circuit connected electrically in series with the other impedance means and across a switched source of power, a control circuit comprising:

(a) control means for varying the electrical impedance of the other impedance means;

(b) a compensation and feedback circuit for operating said control means to maintain the output voltage within a predetermined range in accordance with the control law M=Q, where "M" is the DC Conversion Ratio and "Q" is the Quality Factor of the parallel resonant converter and for operating said switched source of power to maintain continuous current flow through the load.

15. A parallel resonant converter, comprising:

(a) inductor means and capacitor means, said inductor means comprising an inductor core and DC bias winding means around said inductor core to vary the impedance of said inductor means over a pre-determined control range;

(b) a load electrically connected in series with said inductor means to form a series circuit, said series circuit being connected electrically in parallel with said capacitor means, said load comprising a transformer having a primary winding and a secondary winding from which an output voltage is produced;

(c) a switched source of power comprising at least two switches which are complementarily operated by a driver circuit in response to zero voltage switching conditions across said capacitor means and at a frequency generally between the resonant frequency and one-half the resonant frequency; and

(d) circuit means, operating in response to a voltage derived from said output voltage and a reference voltage, for supplying current through said bias winding to maintain said output voltage within a pre-determined voltage range.

16. The converter of claim 15, further including means, operating in response to said current to said bias winding, for inhibiting the operation of said two switches in the event that said output voltage exceeds said predetermined voltage range.