Secure two-way communications with submerged submarines

• US 4,995,101 A
• Filed: 09/19/1989
• Issued: 02/19/1991
• Est. Priority Date: 09/19/1989
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: General Dynamics Government Systems Corporation (General Dynamics Corporation)
• Original Assignee: GTE Government Systems Corporation (General Dynamics Corporation)
• Inventors: Cotterman, Robert W., Radecki, Dan J., Martin, Frederick, Titterton, Paul J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Eisenzopf, Reinhard J.
• Assistant Examiner(s): NOT, DEFINED
• Application Number:
  US07/409,208
• Time in Patent Office: 518 Days
• Field of Search: 455/604, 455/605, 455/606, 455/607, 455/617, 342/45
• US Class Current: 398/125
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 10/11 Arrangements specific to free-space transmission, i.e. transmission through air or vacuum
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 13/02 Transmission systems in which the medium consists of the earth or a large mass of water thereon, e.g. earth telegraphy

Abstract

A method of providing secure tactical communications between a submerged submarine and an airborne platform using a pulse-modulated blue-green laser beam. During an initial acquisition mode, the airborne transceiver sends out a downlink laser beam to the ocean surface and below using a predetermined IFF code to identify the transceiver to the submarine. In the preferred embodiment the transmit optics spread the beam out into an elongated elliptically-shaped pattern to maximize coverage of the search area. When the downlink beam energy is within range of the submarine, an optical receiver on the submarine detects the beam, filters out the background light with a very narrow-band filter, and converts the light pulses to equivalent electrical pulses. A signal processor in the submarine receiver decodes the electrical pulses and verifies the IFF code to prevent the submarine from responding to a laser beam from an unfriendly source. If the IFF is verified, the submarine laser transceiver transmits a pulse-modulated uplink beam response at the same wavelength, but timed so that the light pulses are time interleaved with the downlink pulses. The uplink beam power is carefully controlled to the minimum power level required by the airborne receiver to recover the uplink beam. As soon as the airborne receiver verifies the uplink IFF code, communications begin over the laser link for the duration of time that the airborne platform receiver is within range of the uplink beam. In one embodiment of this invention, both receivers employ a Cesium filled atomic resonance filter (ARF) to separate the blue-green beam from any background light.

Claims

1. A method of providing secure two-way communications between a submerged platform in an ocean and an airborne platform travelling above the ocean, said method comprising the steps of:

generating at the airborne platform a downlink beam comprising a first pulse-modulated laser beam having a blue-green wavelength λ

₁ and having encoded therein downlink information, said information comprising;

(i) a predetermined downlink IFF code for use at least during an acquisition mode during which the airborne platform seeks to establish two-way communications with the submerged platform, and

(ii) supervisory data, for use during said acquisition mode and during a communicating mode during which two-way communications take place between the airborne platform and the submerged platform;

downwardly transmitting said downlink beam while controlling its divergence and pointing angle, such that during said acquisition mode said downlink beam has an elongated elliptically-shaped cross-sectional pattern with a wide dimension transverse to the direction of travel of the airborne platform and a narrow dimension parallel to the direction of travel of the airborne platform;

optically sensing at the submerged platform during a standby operating mode corresponding to said acquisition mode for the presence of said downlink beam, and at the end of said standby operating mode optically receiving said downlink beam from the airborne platform;

filtering said received downlink beam through an optical filter having a very narrow passband centered at the wavelength λ

₁ to suppress any background radiation;

converting said filtered downlink beam into first electrical pulses;

decoding said electrical pulses and outputting said downlink information;

verifying said predetermined downlink IFF code in said downlink information, said standby operating mode ending upon such verification;

generating, in response to said verified IFF code, an uplink beam comprising a second pulse-modulated laser beam having a wavelength λ

₁ and having encoded therein uplink information, said information including an uplink IFF code to acknowledge receiving said downlink beam;

adjusting the uplink beam power in response to said supervisory data contained in said decoded downlink information;

upwardly transmitting said uplink beam to said airborne platform;

optically scanning at the airborne platform during said acquisition mode, a spatial area using a variable field of view to detect the presence of said uplink beam, and during said communicating mode, optically receiving said uplink beam from a substantially stationary spatial location;

filtering said received uplink beam through an atomic resonant filter having a very narrow passband centered at the wavelength λ

₁ thereby greatly attenuating any background radiation;

converting said filtered uplink beam into second electrical pulses;

decoding said second electrical pulses and outputting said uplink information;

verifying said uplink IFF code in said uplink information; and

generating a correction signal related to the S/N of said received uplink beam, said correction signal being added to said supervisory data for encoding therewith.

2. A method of providing secure communications as defined in claim 1 wherein said airborne optically receiving step further comprises varying said field of view to maximize the received S/N.

3. A method of providing secure communications as defined in claim 2 further characterized by the step of

periodically repeating said adjusting step in response to said correction signal from the airborne platform so as to maintain said S/N substantially at a predetermined number.

4. A method of providing secure communications as defined in claim 3 wherein said second generating step continues only so long as said downlink beam is received at the submerged platform.

5. A method of providing secure communications as defined in claim 4 wherein both of said generating steps pulse-position modulate said first and second pulse-modulated laser beams, respectively.

6. A method of providing secure communications as defined in claim 5 wherein said uplink IFF code and said downlink IFF code are different codes.

7. A method of providing secure communications as defined in claim 6 wherein said uplink IFF code is determined by said downlink IFF code.

8. A method of providing secure communications as defined in claim 7 wherein said downwardly transmitting step sets the divergence of said downlink beam to have an elongated elliptically-shaped cross-sectional pattern during said acquisition mode and during said communicating mode.

9. A method of providing secure communications as defined in claim 8 wherein said upwardly transmitting step is timed to interleave light pulses in said uplink beam with light pulses in said downlink beam.

10. A method of providing secure communications as defined in claim 3 wherein said predetermined value of S/N is 19 dB.

11. A method of providing secure communications as defined in claim 1 wherein said first generating step ceases in response to said verified uplink IFF code and said second generating step continues for a predetermined period of time.

12. A method of providing secure communications as defined in claim 11 wherein said atomic resonant filter uses a Cesium gas cell to convert incoming photons at said λ

₁ wavelength to NIR photons.

13. A method of providing secure two-way communications between a submarine submerged in an ocean and an airborne platform travelling above the ocean, said method comprising the steps of:

generating at the airborne platform a downlink beam comprising a first pulse-modulated laser beam having a blue-green wavelength λ

₁ and having encoded therein downlink information, said information comprising;

(i) a predetermined downlink IFF code for use at least during an acquisition mode during which the airborne platform seeks to establish two-way communications with the submarine, and

(ii) supervisory data, for use during said acquisition mode during a communicating mode during which two-way communications take place between the airborne platform and the submarine;

downwardly transmitting from the airborne platform said downlink beam while controlling its divergence and pointing angle, such that;

(i) during said acquisition mode, said downlink beam has an elongated elliptically-shaped cross-sectional pattern with a wide dimension transverse to the direction of travel of the airborne platform and a narrow dimension parallel to the direction of travel of the airborne platform, and

(ii) during said communicating mode, said downlink beam has a substantially circular cross-sectional spot pattern with said beam axis pointing at a substantially fixed terrestial location,

optically sensing at the submarine for the presence of said downlink beam during said acquisition mode, and optically receiving said downlink beam during said communicating mode;

filtering said received downlink beam through a first atomic resonant filter having a very narrow passband centered at the wavelength λ

₁ thereby greatly attenuating any background radiation;

converting said filtered beam into first electrical pulses;

decoding said first electrical pulses and outputting said downlink information;

verifying said predetermined downlink IFF code in said downlink information;

generating, in response to said verified downlink IFF code, an uplink beam comprising a second pulse-modulated laser beam having a wavelength λ

₁ and having encoded therein uplink information, said information including an uplink IFF code to acknowledge receiving said downlink beam;

adjusting the uplink beam power in response to said supervisory data contained in said decoded downlink information to limit the amount of power radiated beyond the airborne platform;

upwardly transmitting said uplink beam to said airborne platform;

optically scanning at the airborne platform a spatial area using a variable field of view to detect the presence of said uplink beam during said acquisition mode, and optically receiving said uplink beam from a substantially stationary terrestial location during said communicating mode;

filtering said received uplink beam through a second atomic resonant filter having a very narrow passband centered at the wavelength λ

₁ thereby greatly attenuating any background radiation;

converting said filtered uplink beam into second electrical pulses;

decoding said second electrical pulses and outputting said uplink information;

verifying said uplink IFF code in said uplink information; and

generating a correction signal related to the S/N of said received uplink beam, said correction signal being added to said supervisory data for encoding therewith.

14. A method of providing communications as defined in claim 13 wherein said upwardly transmitting step is timed to interleave light pulses in said uplink beam with light pulses in said downlink beam.

15. A method of providing communications as defined in claim 14 further characterized by the step of

periodically repeating said adjusting step in response to each new correction signal from the airborne platform so as to maintain said S/N substantially at a predetermined number.

16. A method of providing communications as defined in claim 15 wherein said airborne optically receiving step further comprises tracking said uplink laser beam using a variable field of view to maximize the received S/N.

17. A method of providing communications as defined in claim 16 wherein said second generating step continues only so long as said downlink beam is received at the submarine.

18. A method of providing communications as defined in claim 17 wherein both of said generating steps pulse-position modulate said first and second pulse-modulated laser beams, respectively.

19. A method of providing communications as defined in claim 18 wherein said uplink IFF code is determined by said downlink IFF code.

20. A method of providing communications as defined in claim 19 wherein said predetermined value of S/N is 19 dB.

21. A method of providing communications as defined in claim 20 wherein said spatial area being scanned by the airborne platform is offset from said downlink beam pattern during said acquisition mode.

22. A method of providing communications as defined in claim 21 wherein said wavelength λ

₁ is matched to the filter absorption line of said first atomic resonant filter.

23. A method of providing secure two-way communications between a submarine submerged in an ocean and an airborne platform travelling above the ocean, said method comprising the steps of:

generating at the airborne platform a downlink beam comprising a first pulse-modulated laser beam having a blue-green wavelength λ

₁ and having encoded therein downlink information, said information comprising;

(i) a predetermined downlink IFF code for use at least during an acquisition mode during which the airborne platform seeks to establish two-way communications with the submarine, and

(ii) supervisory data, for use during said acquisition mode and during a communicating mode during which two-way communications take place between the airborne platform and the submarine;

downwardly transmitting from the airborne platform said downlink beam while controlling its divergence and pointing angle to produce an elongated elliptically-shaped cross-sectional beam pattern with a wide dimension transverse to the direction of travel of the airborne platform and a narrow dimension parallel to the direction of travel of said platform, and with a central beam axis intersecting the center of said beam pattern, said central beam axis pointing at a relatively fixed terrestial location during said communicating mode;

optically sensing at the submarine for the presence of said downlink beam from the airborne platform during said acquisition mode, and optically receiving said downlink beam from the airborne platform during said communicating mode;

filtering said received downlink beam through a first atomic resonant filter having a very narrow passband centered at the wavelength λ

₁ thereby greatly attenuating any background radiation;

converting said filtered beam into first electrical pulses;

decoding said first electrical pulses and outputting said downlink information;

verifying said predetermined downlink IFF code in said downlink information;

generating, in response to said verified downlink IFF code, an uplink beam comprising a second pulse-modulated laser beam having a wavelength λ

₁ and having encoded therein uplink information, said information including an uplink IFF code to acknowledge receiving said downlink beam;

adjusting the uplink beam power in response to said supervisory data contained in said decoded downlink information to limit the amount of power radiated beyond the airborne platform;

upwardly transmitting said uplink beam to said airborne platform;

optically scanning at the airborne platform a spatial area using a variable field of view to detect the presence of said uplink beam during said acquisition mode, and optically receiving said uplink beam from a substantially stationary terrestial location during said communicating mode;

filtering said received uplink beam through a second atomic resonant filter having a very narrow passband centered at the wavelength λ

₁ thereby greatly attenuating any background radiation;

converting said filtered uplink beam into second electrical pulses;

decoding said second electrical pulses and outputting said uplink information;

verifying said uplink IFF code in said uplink information; and

generating a correction signal related to the S/N of said received uplink beam, said correction signal being added to said supervisory data for encoding therewith.

24. A method of providing communications as defined in claim 23 wherein said upwardly transmitting step is timed to interleave light pulses in said uplink beam with light pulses in said downlink beam.

25. A method of providing communications as defined in claim 24 further characterized by the step of

periodically repeating said adjusting step in response to each new correction signal from the airborne platform so as to maintain said S/N substantially at a predetermined number.

26. A method of providing communications as defined in claim 25 wherein said airborne optically receiving step further comprises tracking said uplink laser beam using a variable field of view to maximize the received S/N.

27. A method of providing communications as defined in claim 26 wherein said second generating step continues only so long as said downlink beam is received at the submarine.

28. A method of providing communications as defined in claim 27 wherein both of said generating steps pulse-position modulate said first and second pulse-modulated laser beams, respectively.

29. A method of providing communications as defined in claim 28 wherein said uplink IFF code is determined by said downlink IFF code.

30. A method of providing communications as defined in claim 29 wherein said predetermined value of S/N is 19 dB.

31. A method of providing communications as defined in claim 30 wherein said spatial area being scanned by the airborne platform is offset from said downlink beam pattern during said acquisition mode.

32. A method of providing communications as defined in claim 31 wherein said wavelength λ

₁ is matched to the filter absorption line of said first atomic resonant filter.

33. A method of providing secure two-way communications between a submarine submerged in an ocean and an airborne platform travelling above the ocean, said method comprising the steps of:

generating at the airborne platform a downlink beam comprising a first pulse-modulated laser beam having a blue-green wavelength λ

₁ and having encoded therein downlink information, said information comprising;

(i) a predetermined downlink IFF code for use at least during an acquisition mode during which the airborne platform seeks to establish two-way communications with the submarine, and

(ii) supervisory data, for use during said acquisition mode and during a communicating mode during which two-way communications may take place between the airborne platform and the submarine;

downwardly transmitting from the airborne platform said downlink beam while controlling its pointing angle from said airborne platform, such that during said acquisition mode said downlink beam scans from side-to-side transverse to the direction of travel of said platform, and during said communicating mode downlink beam points at a relatively fixed terrestial location on said ocean;

optically sensing at the submarine for the presence of said downlink beam from the airborne platform during said acquisition mode, and optically receiving said downlink beam from the airborne platform during said communicating mode;

filtering said received downlink beam through a first atomic resonant filter having a very narrow passband centered at the wavelength λ

₁ thereby greatly attenuating any background radiation;

converting said filtered beam into first electrical pulses;

decoding said first electrical pulses and outputting said downlink information;

verifying said predetermined downlink IFF code in said downlink information;

generating, in response to said verified downlink IFF code, an uplink beam comprising a second pulse-modulated laser beam having a wavelength λ

₁ and having encoded therein uplink information, said information including an uplink IFF code to acknowledge receiving said downlink beam;

adjusting the uplink beam power in response to said supervisory data contained in said decoded downlink information to limit the amount of power radiated beyond the airborne platform;

upwardly transmitting said uplink beam to said airborne platform;

optically scanning at the airborne platform a spatial area using a variable field of view to detect the presence of said uplink beam during said acquisition mode, and optically receiving said uplink beam from a substantially stationary terrestial location during said communicating mode;

filtering said received uplink beam through a second atomic resonant filter having a very narrow passband centered at the wavelength λ

₁ thereby greatly attenuating any background radiation;

converting said filtered uplink beam into second electrical pulses;

decoding said second electrical pulses and outputting said uplink information;

verifying said uplink IFF code in said uplink information; and

generating a correction signal related to the S/N of said received uplink beam, said correction signal being added to said supervisory data for encoding therewith.

34. A method of providing secure communications as defined in claim 33 wherein said upwardly transmitting step time-interleaves light pulses in said uplink beam with light pulses in said downlink beam.

35. A method of providing secure communications as defined in claim 34 further characterized by the step of

periodically repeating said adjusting step in response to each new correction signal from the airborne platform so as to maintain said airborne platform S/N substantially at a predetermined number.

36. A method of providing secure communications as defined in claim 35 wherein said airborne optically scanning step further comprises:

during said acquisition mode, scanning the ocean surface using a field of view somewhat larger than the downlink beam spot and behind that of said downlink beam to allow for a delay in said uplink beam response from the submarine;

during the communication mode, optically tracking the uplink beam using a field of view which matches the uplink beam spot size on the ocean surface.

37. A method of providing secure communications as defined in claim 36 wherein said downwardly transmitting step points said downlink beam during said communicating mode at a relatively fixed terrestial location defined by the area on the ocean surface from which said uplink beam emerges.

38. A method of providing secure communications as defined in claim 37 wherein said second generating step continues only so long as said downlink beam is received at the submarine.

39. A method of providing secure communications as defined in claim 37 wherein both of said generating steps pulse-position modulate said first and second pulse-modulated laser beams, respectively.

40. A method of providing secure communications as defined in claim 39 wherein said uplink IFF code is determined by said downlink IFF code.

41. A method of providing secure communications as defined in claim 40 wherein said predetermined value of S/N is 19 dB.

42. A method of providing secure communications as defined in claim 41 wherein said wavelength λ

₁ is matched to the filter absorption line of said first atomic resonant filter.

43. A method of providing secure communications as defined in claim 42 wherein said λ

₁ wavelength is approximately 455 nm.

44. A method of providing a secure duplex communication link between a submerged submarine in an ocean and an airborne platform travelling above the ocean in the general vicinity of the submarine, said method comprising the steps of:

signalling the submarine that the airborne platform is in an acquisition mode seeking to establish the communication link, said signalling step comprising the steps of;

generating at the airborne platform a downlink beam comprising a first pulse-position modulated laser beam having a very stable blue-green wavelength λ

₁ and having encoded therein downlink information, said information comprising;

(i) a predetermined downlink IFF code identifying the airborne platform to the submarine and (ii) supervisory data;

downwardly transmitting from the airborne platform said downlink beam while controlling its divergence and pointing angle, such that said downlink beam has an elongated elliptically-shaped cross-sectional pattern with a wide dimension transverse to the direction of travel of the airborne platform and a narrow dimension parallel to the direction of travel of the airborne platform;

receiving at the submarine said downlink beam and signalling the airborne platform that the submarine is ready to begin communications, said receiving and signalling comprising the steps of;

collecting light from above the submarine including said downlink beam when said airborne platform is within range of said submarine;

filtering said collected light through first atomic resonant filter having a passband centered at the wavelength λ

₁ to reject any background radiation;

converting said filtered light into first electrical pulses;

decoding said first electrical pulses and outputting said downlink information;

verifying said predetermined downlink IFF code in said downlink information;

generating in response to said verified downlink IFF code, an uplink beam comprising a second pulse-position modulated laser beam having a very stable wavelength λ

₁ and having encoded therein uplink information including an uplink IFF code related to said downlink IFF code in a predetermined manner, said uplink beam having light pulses timed to be interleaved with light pulses in said downlink beam;

upwardly transmitting said uplink beam to said airborne platform using a radiated power level in response to said decoded supervisory data;

receiving at the airborne platform said uplink beam and acknowledging same, said receiving and acknowledging comprising the steps of;

optically scanning a spatial area below the airborne platform using a field of view periodically traversing said direction of travel to detect the presence of said uplink beam, and upon detection thereof, optically tracking said uplink beam from a substantially stationary spatial location using a field of view which maximizes the received S/N;

filtering said uplink beam through a second atomic resonant filter having a very narrow passband centered at the wavelength λ

₁ thereby greatly attenuating any background radiation;

converting said filtered uplink beam into second electrical pulses;

decoding said second electrical pulses and outputting said uplink information;

verifying said uplink IFF code in said uplink information;

generating a correction signal related to the S/N of said received uplink beam, said correction signal being added to said supervisory data for encoding in said downlink beam;

modifying the divergence and pointing angle of said downlink beam such that said downlink beam has a substantially circular cross-sectional spot pattern with a beam axis pointing at a substantially fixed terrestial location;

encoding message data in said downlink beam in place of said downlink IFF code.