Carrier stability erasure filling system for communications over electricity distribution network

• US 4,996,513 A
• Filed: 02/20/1990
• Issued: 02/26/1991
• Est. Priority Date: 02/20/1990
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Aclara Software, Inc. (ESCO Technologies, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Emerson Electric Company
• Inventors: Maginnis, Richard L., Mak, Sioe T., Franzen, Kevin J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Crosland, Donnie L.
• Application Number:
  US07/481,247
• Time in Patent Office: 371 Days
• Field of Search: 340/310 R, 340/310 CP, 340/310 A, 340/538, 375/36, 375/76, 375/99, 375/104, 370/6, 358/138, 358/166
• US Class Current: 375/259
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 13/00009 using pulsed signals
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 13/0001 using modification of a parameter of the network power signal
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 90/20 Smart grids as enabling technology in buildings sector smart grids supporting the management or operation of end-user stationary applications in general, or like technologies with no associated climate change mitigation effect Y04S20/00
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/00 Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 10/52 Outage or fault management, e.g. fault detection or location
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 40/121 using the power network as support for the transmission

Abstract

A communication system uses the current waveform of an electricity distribution network as a carrier, the signal being present as current pulses around four predetermined zero crossings. The current waveform is sampled around the voltage zero crossings to obtain a time-ordered set of waveform values. The ordered waveform values for each bit are examined to determine if the values fall within preset criteria indicative of a stable carrier. When the ordered waveform values for a particular bit all fall within the preset criteria, that particular bit is identified as a good bit. When at least some of the ordered waveform values for a particular bit fall outside the preset criteria, that particular bit is labelled as suspect. The ordered values of each suspect bit and of adjacent bits are tested to determine whether four successive values meets the preset stability criteria, and whether the four successive values indicating a stable carrier include at least two succesive values from the suspect bit. If the carrier stability test is passed, the binary value of the suspect bit is based upon the successive carrier stability indicating values from the suspect bit. Otherwise the suspect bit is labelled as uncorrectable.

Claims

1. In a communication system using the current waveform of an electricity distribution network as a carrier a signal being present as composite binary digits, each composite binary digit being defined by a pulse pattern at preselected positions on the voltage waveform, the pulses being spaced along the waveform so that they are ordered in time, the pulse pattern for a binary "1" being complementary to the pulse pattern for a binary "0", a system for identifying said binary digits comprising:

sampling the current waveform at the preselected positions to obtain an ordered set of waveform values, the magnitudes of the values corresponding to a binary digit pulse pattern being larger, in a noise-free system, when the binary digit corresponding to that pulse pattern is present than when it is absent;

examining the ordered waveform values for each bit to determine if the values fall within preset criteria indicative of a stable carrier;

when the ordered waveform values for a particular bit all fall within the preset criteria, identifying that particular bit as having the binary value corresponding to its sampled pulse pattern;

when at least some of the ordered waveform values for a particular bit fall outside the preset criteria, labelling that particular bit as suspect;

for each suspect bit, testing the ordered values of that bit and of adjacent bits to determine whether a series of a first predetermined number of successive values meets the preset stability criteria, said series including at least a second predetermined number of successive values from the suspect bit and at least the second predetermined number of successive values from an adjacent bit; and

identifying the binary value, if any, of the suspect bit based upon said second predetermined number of successive values from the suspect bit when the test of the testing step is met, otherwise labelling the suspect bit as uncorrectable.

2. The system as set forth in claim 1 wherein the step of examining the ordered waveform values to determine if the values fall within preset carrier stability criteria includes the step of partitioning the waveform values for each bit into a predetermined number of sets, said predetermined number corresponding to the number of pulses in a pulse pattern representing a binary digit.

3. The system as set forth in claim 2 wherein only one value of each set potentially reflects the presence of a current pulse and another value of said set contains no signal information.

4. The system as set forth in claim 3 wherein said one value and said another value from the same set are obtained in the sampling step from the same relative phase position along the voltage waveform but from different cycles of said waveform.

5. The system as set forth in claim 4 wherein for each set the time interval between the sampling of said one value and said another value is a minimum.

6. The system as set forth in claim 2 wherein the step of examining the ordered waveform values to determine if the values fall within preset carrier stability criteria includes the step of performing an arithmetic operation on the values of each set to obtain a comparative value for that set.

7. The system as set forth in claim 6 wherein each comparative value has a sign associated therewith, and wherein the arithmetic operation is such that the sign of the comparative value in a noise-free system is positive when one binary digit is present and is negative when the complement of said one binary digit is present.

8. The system as set forth in claim 7 wherein the preset criteria of a stable carrier include a requirement that all the signs of the comparative values for a given bit be the same.

9. The system as set forth in claim 8 wherein the step of examining the ordered waveform values to determine if the values fall within preset carrier stability criteria includes the step of testing the magnitudes of all the comparative values for a particular bit to determine if any comparative value exceeds a preset bound.

10. The system as set forth in claim 9 wherein any bit having a comparative value for one of its sets which exceeds the preset bound is labelled a suspect bit.

11. The system as set forth in claim 9 wherein a bit is labelled a good bit when all the signs of its associated comparative values are the same and none of the magnitudes of the comparative values exceeds the preset bound.

12. The system as set forth in claim 6 wherein the step of examining the ordered waveform values to determine if the values fall within preset carrier stability criteria includes the step of testing the magnitudes of all the comparative values for a particular bit to determine if any comparative value exceeds a preset bound.

13. The system as set forth in claim 12 wherein a comparative value exceeding the preset bound is replaced by a fixed value representative of carrier instability.

14. The system as set forth in claim 13 wherein comparative values not exceeding the preset bound are normalized.

15. The system as set forth in claim 1 wherein each composite binary digit is defined by at least four pulses on the voltage waveform, and wherein at least four successive pulses must satisfy preset carrier stability criteria for a bit associated therewith to be identified.

16. The system as set forth in claim 1 wherein the bits are transmitted in groups with each group including at least one parity bit, further including the step of making bit-quality determinations on each bit.

17. The system as set forth in claim 16 further including the step of performing a parity check on the group of bits and accepting the group of bits only if the parity check is satisfied.

18. The system as set forth in claim 17 wherein when the parity check is not satisfied the bit with the poorest bit-quality determination is changed to its complement.

19. The system as set forth in claim 1 in which the preset carrier stability criteria includes a bound on the magnitude of current waveform samples, said bound being determined in part by averaging the values of previous current waveform samples.

20. The system as set forth in claim 19 in which the bound on the magnitude of current waveform samples is a multiple of the average of previous waveform samples.