Method and apparatus for charging a battery

• US 4,998,057 A
• Filed: 01/17/1989
• Issued: 03/05/1991
• Est. Priority Date: 01/14/1988
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Hitachi KOKI Company Limited (Koki Holdings Co., Ltd.)
• Original Assignee: Hitachi KOKI Company Limited (Koki Holdings Co., Ltd.)
• Inventors: Iimura, Yoshio, Nakayama, Eiji, Suzuki, Shun, Shinohara, Shigeru
• Primary Examiner(s): Stephan, Steven L.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Peckman, Kristine
• Application Number:
  US07/297,286
• Time in Patent Office: 777 Days
• Field of Search: 320/30, 320/31, 320/32, 320/35, 320/36, 320/39, 320/40, 320/48, 320/20
• US Class Current: 320/150
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/44 Methods for charging or discharging circuits for charging H02J7/00
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00038 using passive battery identification means, e.g. resistors or capacitors identification by mechanical connections H02J7/0045
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00047 with provisions for charging different types of batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

In a battery charging method and apparatus, a plurality of voltage-division resistors serving as a battery voltage detecting means are connected between the battery and a microcomputer so that a voltage-division ratio can be automatically selected corresponding to the detected battery voltage. Thus, the detected battery voltage applied to the microcomputer is kept substantially constant irrespective of the value of the battery voltage.

Claims

1. An apparatus for charging at least one rechargeable battery, comprising:

(a) a charging current source, at least one battery being coupled to said charging current source;

(b) a switching device interposed between said at least one battery and said charging current source, wherein said at least one battery is disconnected from said charging current source when said switching device is turned off and connected to said charging current source when said switching device is turned on;

(c) a voltage detecting means for detecting a voltage developed across said at least one battery and providing a battery voltage indicative of the voltage developed thereacross;

(d) a microcomputer operably connected to said switching device and said voltage detecting means, said microcomputer generating on- and off-signals for rendering said switching device ON and OFF, respectively, and said microcomputer receiving said battery voltage from said voltage detecting means and generating said off-signal when said battery voltage drops by a first predetermined value from a peak value; and

wherein said voltage detecting means includes a plurality of resistors, and wherein said battery voltage is developed across each of said resistors according to a given voltage-division ratio thereof and said microcomputer selects at least one of said resistors in accordance with said battery voltage detected by said voltage detecting means whereby an input voltage to said microcomputer is maintained substantially constant.

2. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a resistor of a larger voltage-division ratio is selected as said battery voltage becomes smaller.

3. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said microcomputer selects said at least one resistor after said at least one battery has been charged for a predetermined period of time.

4. An apparatus according to claim 3, further comprising a thermostat connected in series with said at least one battery for sensing a temperature of said at least one battery, said thermostat having a contact which is rendered open when the temperature of said at least one battery reaches a second predetermined value and closed when the temperature of said at least one battery is below said second predetermined value, wherein said microcomputer generates said on-signal when said contact is closed.

5. An apparatus according to claim 4, further comprising an open/closure detecting means for detecting open/closure of said contact of said thermostat, said open/closure detecting means generating a first detection signal when said contact thereof is opened and a second detection signal when said contact thereof is closed, wherein said microcomputer generates said on-signal in response to said second detection signal.

6. An apparatus according to claim 5, further comprising a light indicator, a current detecting means for detecting a charging current flowing in said at least one battery, wherein said microcomputer is further connected to said current detecting means and said light indicator and generates said on-signal in response to said charging current, and said microcomputer further generates a first signal for flickering said light indicator at a first cycle, a second signal for flickering said light indicator at a second cycle longer than said first cycle, and a third signal for continuously lighting said light indicator.

7. An apparatus according to claim 6, wherein said light indicator is flickered at said second cycle when said apparatus is ready for charging and when charging has been completed.

8. An apparatus according to claim 7, wherein said light indicator is continuously lit during the charging.

9. An apparatus according to claim 6, wherein said microcomputer determines whether said at least one battery is short-circuited or overcharged based upon whether a charging current detected after said at least one battery has been charged for said predetermined period of time is below a third predetermined value.

10. An apparatus according to claim 9, wherein said light indicator is flickered at said first cycle when said battery is determined as being short-circuited.

23. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said switching device comprises a silicon-controlled rectifier having a gate to which said on-signal is applied.

24. An apparatus according to claim 23, wherein said charging current source comprises an AC power source for supplying an AC voltage and a full-wave rectifier coupled to said AC power source for full-wave rectifying said AC voltage, said charging current source supplying a positive voltage having a zero-cross at predetermined intervals.

25. An apparatus according to claim 24, wherein a duration of said on-signal is determined by said zero-cross point.

11. An apparatus for charging at least one rechargeable battery, comprising:

(a) a charging current source, at least one battery being coupled to said charging current source;

(b) a switching device interposed between said at least one battery and said charging current source, wherein said at least one battery is disconnected from said charging current source when said switching device is rendered OFF and connected to said charging current source when said switching device is rendered ON;

(c) a thermostat connected in series with said at least one battery for sensing a temperature of said at least one battery, said thermostat having a contact which is rendered open when the temperature of said at least one battery reaches a first predetermined value and closed when the temperature of said at least one battery is below said first predetermined value;

(d) an open/closure detecting means for detecting open/closure of said contact of said thermostat, said detecting means generating a first detection signal when said contact thereof is opened and a second detection signal when said contact thereof is closed;

(e) a plurality of resistors for detecting a voltage developed across said at least one battery and providing a battery voltage indicative of the voltage developed therefrom; and

(f) a microcomputer operably connected to said switching device and said detecting means, for generating on- and off-signals in response to said second detection signal and applying said on- and off-signals to said switching device, said switching device being rendered ON in response to said on-signal, whereby an input voltage to said microcomputer is maintained substantially constant.

12. An apparatus according to claim 11, further comprising a light indicator, and a current detecting means for detecting a charging current flowing in said at least one battery, wherein said microcomputer is further connected to said current detecting means and said light indicator and generates said on-signal in response to said charging current, and said microcomputer further generates a first signal for flickering said light indicator for a first cycle, a second signal for flickering said light indicator at a second cycle longer than said first cycle, and a third signal for continuously lighting said light indicator.

13. An apparatus according to claim 12, wherein said light indicator is flickered at said second cycle when said apparatus is ready for charging and when charging has been completed.

14. An apparatus according to claim 13, wherein said light indicator is continuously lit during charging.

15. An apparatus according to claim 12, wherein said microcomputer determines whether said at least one battery is short-circuited or overcharged based upon whether a charging current detected after said at least one battery has been charged for a predetermined period of time is below a second predetermined value.

16. An apparatus according to claim 15, wherein said light indicator is flickered at said first cycle when said at least one battery is determined as being short-circuited.

17. An apparatus for charging at least one rechargeable battery, comprising:

(a) a charging current source, at least one battery being coupled to said charging current source;

(b) a switching device interposed between said at least one battery and said charging current source, wherein said at least one battery is disconnected from said charging current source when said switching device is rendered OFF and connected to said charging current source when said switching device is rendered ON;

(c) a light indicator;

(d) a current flow detecting means for detecting a charging current flowing in said at least one battery;

(e) a plurality of resistors for detecting a voltage developed across said at least one battery and providing a battery voltage indicative of the voltage developed thereacross; and

(f) a microcomputer operably connected to said current detecting means, said light indicator and said switching device for generating on- and off-signals in response to said charging current, said switching device being rendered ON in response to said on-signal, and said microcomputer further generating a first signal for flickering said light indicator at a first cycle, a second signal for flickering said indicator at a second cycle longer than said first cycle, and a third signal for continuously lighting said light indicator, and wherein an input voltage to said microcomputer is maintained substantially constant.

18. An apparatus according to claim 17, wherein said light indicator is flickered at said second cycle when said apparatus is ready for charging and when charging has been completed.

19. An apparatus according to claim 18, wherein said light indicator is continuously lit during charging.

20. An apparatus according to claim 17, wherein said microcomputer determines whether said at least one battery is short circuited or overcharged based upon whether a charging current detected after said at least one battery has been charged for a predetermined period of time is below a predetermined value.

21. An apparatus according to claim 20, wherein said light indicator is flickered at said first cycle when said at least one battery is determined as being short-circuited.

27. An apparatus according to claim 17, wherein said detecting means comprises a charging current detecting resistor connected in series to said at least one battery, and an integration circuit coupled between said resistor and said microcomputer for converting the charging current flowing in said resistor to a voltage.

22. In an apparatus for charging at least one rechargeable battery including a charging current source, at least one battery being coupled to said charging current source;

a switching device interposed between said at least one battery and said charging current source, wherein said at least one battery is disconnected from said charging current source when said switching device is rendered OFF and connected to said charging current source when said switching device is rendered ON, a current detecting means for detecting a charging current flowing in said at least one battery, and a microcomputer for generating on- and off-signals, said switching device being rendered ON for a duration determined by said on-signal, a method of charging said at least one battery comprising the steps of;

generating said on-signal so that said duration is a predetermined minimum;

checking whether or not said charging current detected by current detecting means is less than a predetermined value;

prolonging said duration when said charging current is less than said predetermined value; and

maintaining an input voltage of said microcomputer at a substantially constant level.

26. A method according to claim 22, further comprising said steps of:

generating said on-signal so that the charging current becomes substantially constant when said charging current is larger than said predetermined value.