Method and a composition for preparing a shaped article

• US 4,999,056 A
• Filed: 03/10/1988
• Issued: 03/12/1991
• Est. Priority Date: 07/15/1986
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Densit ApS (Illinois Tool Works Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Densit A/S Rordalsuej
• Inventors: Rasmussen, Thorkild H.
• Primary Examiner(s): Dixon, Jr., William R.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Green, Anthony J.
• Application Number:
  US07/171,005
• Time in Patent Office: 1,097 Days
• Field of Search: 106/90, 106/98, 106/314, 106/315, 106/724, 106/725, 106/737
• US Class Current: 106/737
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 14/062 Microsilica, e.g. colloïdal silica preparing microsilica slurries or suspensions C04B18/148
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 14/08 Diatomaceous earth
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 18/08 Flue dust , i.e. fly ash
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 18/146 Silica fume
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 20/0076 characterised by the grain distribution
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 2111/00068 Mortar or concrete mixtures with an unusual water/cement ratio
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 22/08 Acids or salts thereof C04B22/0013 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 22/147 Alkali-metal sulfates; Ammonium sulfate
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 24/22 Condensation or polymerisation products thereof
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 28/02 containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 40/00 Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability active ingredients C04B22/00 - C04B24/00; hardening of a well-defined composition C04B26/00 - C04B28/00; making porous, cellular or lightening C04B38/00; mechanical aspects B28, e.g. conditioning the materials prior to shaping B28B17/02
• CPC Class Codes: Y02W 30/91 Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

Abstract

A shaped article with a binder matrix based on cement is prepared from a mix comprising the cement, water, and a concrete super-plasticizer, the weight ratio between the water and the cement being at the most 0.30, preferably at the most 0.25, arranging the mix in the desired configuration and allowing the mix to solidfy, in which mix the weight amount of water-soluble alkali in the mix originating from the mineral solids in the mix is reduced to at the most 0.30%, preferably at the most 0.25%, more preferably at the most 0.20%, calculated as Na₂ O equivalents, relative to the weight of the cement in the mix. The mix preferably further contains a fine silica-rich powder. The mix has an advantageously high fluidity rendering it useful for the preparation of shaped articles.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a shaped article with a binder matrix prepared from a mix consisting essentially of a Portland cement, a fine silica-rich powder, water and a concrete superplasticizer, in the proportions of at least 0.1 part of the silica-rich powder, up to 0.35 part water, and from 0.01 to 0.04 part of the concrete superplasticizer dry matter per part by weight of the mixture of the cement and silica-rich powder, the method comprising

(a) selecting the cement and fine silica-rich powder by measuring the contents of water-soluble Na and K in the cement and the fine silica-rich powder, calculating the contents of water-soluble Na and K as Na₂ O-equivalents, and selecting a cement and a fine silica-rich powder that will result in a content of water-soluble alkali metal in the mix originating from the cement or the fine silica-rich powder of at the most 0.30%, calculated as Na₂ O equivalents, based on the weight of the cement in the mix,

(b) preparing a mix comprising the cement, the fine silica-rich powder, water, and a concrete superplasticizer,

(c) arranging the mix in a shaped configuration and allowing the mix to solidify.

2. A method according to claim 1 wherein the content of water-soluble alkali metal in the mix, based on the weight of the cement, is at the most 0.25%.

3. A method according to claim 2 wherein the content of water-soluble alkali metal in the mix, based on the weight of the cement, is at the most 0.20%.

4. A method according to claim 1 wherein the water-soluble alkali metal is present as alkali metal sulphate.

5. A method according to claim 1 wherein additional bodies selected from the group consisting of sand, stone aggregate, or mixtures thereof;

steel, plastic, glass, asbestos, cellulose, mineral or organic fibers; and

metallic or non-metallic whiskers are added to the mix.

6. A method according to claim 1 wherein the fine silica-rich powder is selected from artificial fine silica, fly ash from power plants and diatomaceous earth.

7. A method according to claim 6 wherein the fine silica-rich powder comprises ultra-fine silica fume produced as a by-product in the production of silicon or ferrosilicon in electric furnaces.

8. A method according to claim 1 wherein the mix has a fluid to plastic consistency with a weight ratio between water and cement plus fine silica-rich powder of at the most 0.30.

9. A method according to claim 8 wherein the ratio between water and cement plus fine silica-rich powder is at the most 0.25.

10. A method according to claim 9 wherein the ratio between water and cement plus fine silica-rich powder is at the most 0.20.

11. A method according to claim 10 wherein the ratio between water and cement plus fine silica-rich powder is at the most 0.15.

12. A method according to claim 1 wherein the proportion of the fine silica-rich powder in the mix is at least 15% by weight, based on the weight of the cement and the fine silica-rich powder.

13. A method according to claim 12 wherein the proportion of the fine silica-rich powder in the mix is at least 20% by weight, based on the weight of the cement and the fine silica-rich powder.

14. A method according to claim 13 wherein the proportion of the fine silica-rich powder in the mix is at least 30% by weight, based on the weight of the cement and the fine silica-rich powder.

15. A method according to claim 14 wherein the proportion of the fine silica-rich powder in the mix is at least 40% by weight, based on the weight of the cement and the fine silica-rich powder.

16. A method according to claim 1 wherein the concrete superplasticizer is a salt of a naphthalene sulphonic acid/formaldehyde condensate or a melamine sulphonic acid/formaldehyde condensate.

17. A method according to claim 1 wherein the particle size of the fine silica-rich powder is from about 50 Angstroms to about 0.5 micron, and the cement particles have a particle size of from about 0.5 to 100 microns, and are at least one order of magnitude larger than the respective fine silica-rich particles.

18. A method according to claim 17 in which the fine silica-rich powder particles have a specific surface area of about 50,000 to 2,000,000 cm² /g.

19. A method according to claim 18 wherein the fine silica-rich powder particles have a specific surface area of about 250,000 cm² /g.

20. A method according to claim 17 wherein the cement particles are admixed with other particles of substantially the same size selected from the group consisting of fine sand, fly ash and fine chalk.

21. A method according to claim 20 wherein the mix comprises additionally bodies selected from the group consisting of sand, stone aggregate, or mixtures thereof;

steel, plastic, glass, asbestos, cellulose, mineral or organic fibers; and

metallic or non-metallic whiskers, the additional bodies having at least one dimension which is at least one order of magnitude larger than the cement particles.

22. A method according to claim 17 wherein the mix comprises additional bodies selected from the group consisting of sand, stone aggregate or mixtures thereof;

steel, plastic, glass, asbestos, cellulose, mineral or organic fibers; and

metallic or non-metallic whiskers, the additional bodies having at least one dimension which is at least one order of magnitude larger than the cement particles.

23. A method for preparing a shaped article with a binder matrix shaped from a mix consisting essentially of a Portland cement, a fine silica-rich powder, water and a concrete superplasticizer, in the proportions of at least 0.1 part of the silica-rich powder, up to 0.35 part water, and from 0.01 to 0.04 part of the concrete superplasticizer dry matter per part by weight of the mixture of the cement and silica-rich powder, comprising

(a) preparing a mix comprising the cement, the fine silica-rich powder, water, and a concrete superplasticizer,

(b) reducing the content of water-soluble alkali metal in the mix originating from the cement or the fine silica-rich powder to at the most 0.30%, calculated as Na₂ O equivalents, based on the weight of the cement, by adding to the mix or to any of the constituents of the mix a compound selected from the group consisting of (1) a water-soluble salt comprising non-alkali metal cations capable of forming a substantially insoluble precipitate with sulphate ions, (2) an acid capable of forming a soluble calcium salt, and (3) a salt comprising non-alkali metal cations and capable of forming a soluble calcium salt by reaction with calcium hydroxide, and

(c) arranging the mix in a shaped configuration and allowing the mix to solidify.

24. A method according to claim 23 wherein the content of water-soluble alkali metal in the mix, based on the weight of the cement, is reduced to at the most 0.25%.

25. A method according to claim 24 wherein the content of water-soluble alkali metal in the mix, based on the weight of the cement, is reduced to at the most 0.20%.

26. A method according to claim 23 wherein the water-soluble alkali metal is alkali metal sulphate.

27. A method according to claim 23 wherein the non-alkali metal cations are Ca²⁺ ions.

28. A method according to claim 23 wherein additional bodies selected from the group consisting of sand, stone aggregate, or mixtures thereof;

steel, plastic, glass, asbestos, cellulose, mineral or organic fibers; and

metallic or non-metallic whiskers are incorporated in the mix.

29. A method according to claim 23 wherein the fine silica-rich powder is selected from artificial fine silica, fly ash from power plants and diatomaceous earth.

30. A method according to claim 29 wherein the fine silica-rich powder comprises ultra-fine silica fume produced as a by-product in the production of silicon or ferrosilicon in electric furnaces.

31. A method according to claim 23 wherein the mix has a fluid to plastic consistency with a weight ratio between water and cement plus fine silica-rich powder of at the most 0.30.

32. A method according to claim 31 wherein the ratio between water and cement plus fine silica-rich powder is at the most 0.25.

33. A method according to claim 32 wherein the ratio between water and cement plus silica-rich powder is at the most 0.20.

34. A method according to claim 33 wherein the ratio between water and cement plus fine silica-rich powder is at the most 0.15.

35. A method according to claim 23 wherein the proportion of the fine silica-rich powder in the mix is at least 15% by weight, based on the weight of the cement and the fine silica-rich powder.

36. A method according to claim 35 wherein the proportion of the fine silica-rich powder in the mix is at least 20% by weight, based on the weight of the cement and the fine silica-rich powder.

37. A method according to claim 36 wherein the proportion of the fine silica-rich powder in the mix is at least 30% by weight, based on the weight of the cement and the fine silica-rich powder.

38. A method according to claim 37 wherein the proportion of the fine silica-rich powder in the mix is at least 40% by weight, based on the weight of the cement and the fine silica-rich powder.

39. A method according to claim 23 wherein at least part of the salt-forming cations of the concrete superplasticizer are non-alkali metal cations.

40. A method according to claim 23 wherein the concrete superplasticizer is a salt of a naphthalene sulphonic acid/formaldehyde condensate or a melamine sulphonic acid/formaldehyde condensate.

41. A method according to claim 23 wherein the particle size of the fine silica-rich powder is from about 50 Angstroms to about 0.5 micron and the cement particles have a particle size of from about 0.5 to 100 microns and are at least one order of magnitude larger than the respective fine silica-rich particles.

42. A method according to claim 41 wherein the fine silica-rich particles have a specific surface area of about 50,000 to 2,000,000 cm² g.

43. A method according to claim 42 wherein the fine silica-rich particles have a specific surface area of about 250,000 cm² /g.

44. A method according to claim 41 wherein the cement particles are admixed with other particles of substantially the same size selected from the group consisting of fine sand, fly ash and fine chalk.

45. A method according to claim 44 wherein the mix comprises additional bodies selected from the group consisting of sand, stone aggregate, or mixtures thereof;

steel, plastic, glass, asbestos, cellulose, mineral or organic fibers; and

metallic or non-metallic whiskers, the additional bodies having at least one dimension which is at least one order of magnitude larger than the cement particles.

46. A method according to claim 41 wherein the mix comprises additional bodies selected from the group consisting of sand, stone aggregate or mixtures thereof;

steel, plastic, glass, asbestos, cellulose, mineral or organic fibers; and

metallic or non-metallic whiskers, the additional bodies having at least one dimension which is at least one order of magnitude larger than the cement particles.

47. A dry mix for preparing a shaped article with a binder matrix based on cement and fine silica-rich powder, the mix consisting essentially of a Portland cement, a fine silica-rich powder and a concrete superplasticizer, in the proportions of at least 0.1 part of the silica-rich powder and from 0.1 to 0.04 part of the concrete superplasticizer dry matter per part by weight of the mixture of the cement and silica-rich powder;

the mix being adapted to be prepared in admixture with water in a weight ratio between water and cement plus fine silica-rich powder of at the most 0.35, the mix further comprising (1) a water-soluble salt comprising non-alkali metal cations capable of forming a substantially insoluble precipitate with sulphate ions, (2) an acid capable of forming a soluble calcium salt, or (3) a salt comprising non-alkali metal cations, said salt being capable of forming a soluble calcium salt by reaction with calcium hydroxide, whereby the amount of water-soluble alkali metal in the mix originating from the cement or the fine silica-rich powder is at the most 0.30%, calculated as Na₂ O equivalents, based on the weight of the cement in the mix.

48. A wet mix for preparing a shaped article with a binder matrix based on cement and fine silica-rich powder, the mix consisting essentially of a Portland cement, a fine silica-rich powder, water and a concrete superplasticizer, in the proportions of at least 0.1 part of the silica-rich powder, up to 0.35 part water, and from 0.01 to 0.04 part of the concrete superplasticizer dry matter per part by weight of the mixture of the cement and silica-rich powder, the mix further comprising (1) a water-soluble salt comprising non-alkali metal cations capable of forming a substantially insoluble precipitate with sulphate ions, (2) an acid capable of forming a soluble calcium salt, or (3) a salt comprising non-alkali metal cations, said salt being capable of forming a soluble calcium salt by reaction with calcium hydroxide, whereby the amount of water-soluble alkali metal in the mix originating from the cement or the fine silica-rich powder is at the most 0.30%, calculated as Na₂ O equivalents, based on the weight of the cement in the mix.